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Energy balance and environmental impacts of rice and wheat production:A case study in Nepal

查看全文 作　　者：Anil [1]Pokhrel;Peeyush [2]Soni 高影响力作者 机构地区：[1]Nepal Agricultural Research Council,Kathmandu,Nepal;[2]Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur,West Bengal 721302,India高影响力机构 出　　处：《International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering》索引2019年第12卷第1期,共7页高影响力期刊 基　　金：the necessary support received from Agricultural Learning Exchanges in Asian Regional Networking(AgLEARN)project of USAID/RDMA and the Asian Institute of Technology(AIT),Thailand. 摘　　要：Energy and environment are the key concerns in todays’agriculture.This study investigated energy balance and environmental impact of rice and wheat production systems in terms of energy ratio,impact of energy inputs to the crop yield and CO2e(carbon dioxide equivalent)emissions under terai and hill geographical regions of Nepal.Primary data were collected from 139 randomly selected farms by using structured questionnaire.The results revealed that the total energy consumption in rice and wheat production were 9.70 GJ/hm^(2)(terai)to 11.78 GJ/hm^(2)(hill)and 8.40 GJ/hm^(2)(hill)to 10.95 GJ/hm^(2)(terai),respectively.The energy balance of rice and wheat production were found 46.33 GJ/hm^(2)(hill)to 59.29 GJ/hm^(2)(terai)and 27.14 GJ/hm^(2)(terai)to 38.52 GJ/hm^(2)(hill),respectively,where energy use efficiency in terai and hill were found to be 7.14 and 4.97 in rice,and 3.49 and 5.59 in wheat,respectively.The contribution of fertilizer on impacts was significant among other energy inputs in rice and wheat production in both geographical regions.The CO_(2)e emissions from rice and wheat were higher by 52%and 78%in hill as compared to respective crop rice(1786 kg CO_(2)e/hm^(2))and wheat(843 kg CO2e/hm^(2))in terai.This study showed that rice production system in terai is more energy and environmentally efficient,whilst wheat production in hill is more energy efficient. 关 键 词：energy indices environmental impact PRODUCTIVITY PROFITABILITY GHG emissions RICE WHEAT sensitivity analysis
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