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| 1 | 直读数字式摄影应用于尘肺病诊断的可行性研究显示文摘[目的]研究直读数字式摄影(DR)和传统胶片-增感屏(FSR)摄影对尘肺病小阴影形态和密集度辨识的可比性与一致性,评估直接读出DR胸片摄影技术在尘肺病诊断中的可行性和技术关键。[方法]以204名尘肺病人和31名粉尘作业工人为研究对象,同期拍摄FSR片和DR片,对FSR片和从显示器直接读取DR片的胸片质量、小阴影形态、肺区小阴影密集度和大阴影的检出率进行比较分析。[结果]FSR废片率明显较DR高(P<0.001);两种胸片在判定肺区小阴影密集度上有较好的一致性(κ=0.77),从上肺区(κ=0.82)、中肺区(κ=0.75)到下肺区(κ=0.68)一致性略有降低;两种胸片对小阴影形态的判定没有明显差异(FSR 93.2%,DR 90.0%,P>0.05);对大阴影的识别表现一致(22.9%,44/192)。[结论]DR胸片质量优于FSR胸片,在尘肺病小阴影形态、密集度的判定和大阴影的识别上与FSR相似。 | 毛翎 黄建安 周韶炜 A.Scott LANEY 施瑾 陈子丹 施海燕 张悦 卞陆琴 | 2011 | 环境与职业医学2011，28，3： | 22 |
| 2 | 2019年急性缺血性卒中患者早期管理指南:针对2018年急性缺血性卒中早期管理指南的更新美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗专业人员制定的指南显示文摘背景和目的本指南旨在在单个文件中为治疗急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生提供最新的全面系列推荐意见。目标读者为院前急救人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员以及医院管理人员。本指南将取代2013年版急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)指南,同时也是对2018年版AIS指南的更新。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会任命,代表各领域的医学专家。写作组成员不得对存在企业利益关系的相关议题进行讨论或投票。对2013年版AIS指南的更新最初于2018年1月发表,该版指南已经过AHA科学咨询与协调委员会以及AHA执行委员会批准。2018年4月,在删除部分推荐意见后,该指南的修订版在AHA网站上在线发表。要求写作组审查原始文件并在必要时进行修订。2018年6月,写作组提交了一份经过细微更改并纳入新近发表的重要随机对照试验(受试者数量>100名且具有AIS发病后至少90 d的临床转归)的文件。经过14位专家进行同行评议后,写作组根据同行评议专家的意见进行了适当修改。目前的最终文件已经过写作组全体成员(除非企业利益关系妨碍了成员投票)以及AHA管理机构批准。本指南采用了美国心脏病学学会/AHA 2015年推荐意见分类和证据级别标准以及新版AHA指南格式。结果本指南详细介绍了院前医疗、紧急和急诊评估、静脉和血管内治疗以及院内管理,包括在发病后最初2周内启用的二级预防措施。本指南支持院前和院内卒中医疗系统的一体化概念。结论本指南基于现有证据提供了总体推荐意见,用于指导治疗成年急性动脉性缺血性卒中患者的临床医生。然而,许多情况资料有限,迫切需要对AIS的治疗进行持续研究。 | William J.Powers Alejandro A.Rabinstein Teri Ackerson Opeolu M.Adeoye Nicholas C.Bambakidis Kyra Becker Jose Biller Michael Brown Bart M.Demaerschalk Brian Hoh Edward C.Jauch Chelsea S.Kidwell Thabele M.Leslie-Mazwi Bruce Ovbiagele Phillip A.Scott Kevin N.Sheth Andrew M.Southerl Deborah V.Summers Tirschwell 徐加平(译) 庄圣(译) 郭志良(译) 黄志超(译) 尤寿江(译) 刘慧慧(译) 张霞(译) 石际俊(译) 肖国栋(译) 曹勇军(译) 刘春风(译) | 2020 | 国际脑血管病杂志2020，28，1： | 18 |
| 3 | Validation of a discrete element model using magnetic resonance measurements显示文摘The discrete element model(DEM)is a very promising modelling strategy for two-phase granular systems.However,owing to a lack of experimental measurements,validation of numerical simulations of two-phase granular systems is still an important issue.In this study,a small two-dimensional gas- fluidized bed was simulated using a discrete element model.The dimensions of the simulated bed were 44 mm×10 mm×120 mm and the fluidized particles had a diameter dp=1.2 mm and density p=1000 kg/m3.The comparison between DEM simulations and experiments are performed on the basis of time-averaged voidage maps.The drag-law of Beetstra et al.[Beetstra,R.,van der Hoef,M.A.,&Kuipers,J. A.M.(2007b).Drag force of intermediate Reynolds number flow past mono-and bidispersed arrays of spheres. AIChE Journal,53,489–501]seems to give the best results.The simulations are fairly insensitive to the coefficient of restitution and the coefficient of friction as long as some route of energy dissipation during particle–particle and particle–wall contact is provided.Changing the boundary condition of the gas phase at the side-walls from zero-slip to full-slip does not affect the simulation results.Care is to be taken that the cell sizes are chosen so that a reasonable number of particles can be found in a fluid cell. | Christoph R.Müller Stuart A.Scott Daniel J.Holland Belinda C.Clarke Andrew J.Sederman John S.Dennis Lynn F.Gladden | 2009 | Particuology2009，7，4： | 7 |
| 4 | The use of near infrared transmittance kernel sorting technology to salvage high quality grain from grain downgraded due to Fusarium damage显示文摘The mycotoxins associated with specific Fusarium fungal infections of grains are a threat to global food and feed security. These fungal infestations are referred to as Fusarium Head Blight(FHB) and lead to Fusarium Damaged Kernels(FDK). Incidence of FDK >0.25% will lower the grade, with a tolerance of 5%FDK for export feed grain. During infestation, the fungi can produce a variety of mycotoxins, the most common being deoxynivalenol(DON). Fusarium Damaged Kernels have been associated with reduced crude protein(CP), lowering nutritional, functional and grade value. New technology has been developed using Near Infrared Transmittance(NIT) spectra that estimate CP of individual kernels of wheat, barley and durum. Our objective is to evaluate the technology's capability to reduce FDK and DON of downgraded wheat and ability to salvage high quality safe kernels. In five FDK downgraded sources of wheat,the lowest 20% CP kernels had significantly increased FDK and DON with the high CP fractions having decreased FDK and DON, thousand kernel weights(TKW) and bushel weight(Bu). Strong positive correlations were observed between FDK and DON(r = 0.90); FDK and grade(r = 0.62) and DON and grade(r = 0.62). Negative correlations were observed between FDK and DON with CP(r =-0.27 and-0.32);TKW(r =-0.45 and-0.54) and Bu(r =-0.79 and-0.74). Results show improved quality and value of Fusarium downgraded grain using this technology. | Michael E.Kautzman Mark L.Wickstrom Tom A.Scott | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | CVD工艺及设备技术显示文摘过去30多年来,对于CVD(化学气相沉积)涂层用于防护性应用方面的要求增长迅猛。通过提高工业涂层设备的可靠性,基体材料的持续优化,以及针对应用问题诸如前后处理等辅助工艺的集中解决方案等,相应的技术进步实现了从上世纪60年代的单一涂层发展到现今的复杂涂层系统。CVD技术已广泛应用于硬质合金切削刀具行业,同时也广泛用于需要特殊设计涂层材料系统的专业市场。如今的涂层可通过改变微观结构或掺杂不同的元素来进行改性,这使得CVD技术有能力满足众多的需求。这一切都可用改进的专业系统监控特殊前驱物质的沉积设备来实现。 | H.Strakov A.Scott | 2013 | 工具技术2013，47，7： | 2 |
| 6 | A comparison of the spectrum of chronic hepatitis C virus between Caucasians and African Americans显示文摘 | Richard K. Sterling R.Todd Stravitz Velimir A. Luketic Arun J. Sanyal Melissa J. Contos A.Scott Mills Mitchell L. Shiffman | 2004 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2004，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Endotoxin priming and liver damage by experimental duodenal obstruction in the rat显示文摘 | MarioPirisi Cathryn A.Scott CarloFabris AlessandroCavarape EddaFederico EdmondoFalleti Carlo A.Beltrami | 2001 | Pathology International2001，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease after orthotopic liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis显示文摘 | Melissa J. Contos Wendy Cales Richard K. Sterling Velimir A. Luketic Mitchell L. Shiffman A.Scott Mills Robert A. Fisher John Ham Arun J. Sanyal | 2001 | Liver Transplantation2001，，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Bank Loan Availability and Trade Credit Demand显示文摘 | Morris G.Danielson Jonathan A.Scott | 2004 | Financial Review2004，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with hepatitis C is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome显示文摘 | Arun J Sanyal Melissa J Contos Richard K Sterling Velimir A Luketic Mitchell L Shiffman R.Todd Stravitz A.Scott Mills | 2003 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2003，，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 shedding in the oral cavity by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay at the prodromal stage of recrudescent herpes labialis显示文摘 | D. A.Scott W. A.Coulter P. A.Biagioni H.O’Neill P.‐J.Lamey | 2006 | Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine2006，，7： | 1 |
| 12 | 关于自动化建造的研究和设计显示文摘用机器人来代替工人在工厂进行自动化组装和生产,这早已不是新鲜事。那么能否在建筑工地完全由机器人来建造房屋呢?在美国和日本等一些发达国家已经有一些研究者和机构开始进行研究和实验并试图实现这一梦想。本文作者就是其中之一,他通过关于自动化建造的研究致力于探索与机器人建造系统相关的一些设计问题,并总结出适用于建筑师和设计者的设计原则。随着今天科技日新月异的发展,也许在不远的将来这些研究成果就能够应用于实践。本刊发表此文希望有助于我国的专业人员了解世界上建筑前沿的发展动态,并借鉴这种周密的研究计划和方法以及严谨而富于创新的科学思维方式。 | A.Scott Howe 骆小芳 | 1999 | 中外建筑1999，，2： | 0 |
| 13 | 第12章 地球系统模式开发100年显示文摘今天的全球地球系统模式起源于对流层天气系统的简单区域模式。过去的一个世纪,模式的物理现实性稳步提升,而模式的范围已扩大到包括全球对流层和平流层、海洋、含植被陆面和陆地冰盖。本章大致按时间顺序概述了成就今天模式的许多概念和技术的深远进步。为简洁起见,我们省略了对化学和生物地球化学,以及陆地冰盖作用的讨论。 | 大卫·兰道尔 CECILIA M.BITZ GOKHAN DANABASOGLU A.SCOTT DENNING PETER R.GENT ANDREW GETTELMAN STEPHEN M.GRIFFIES PETER LYNCH HUGH MORRISON ROBERT PINCUS JOHN THUBURN 田晓阳(编译) 贾朋群(编译) | 2019 | 气象科技进展2019，9，S01： | 0 |
| 14 | Enhancing Cognition:Historical and Contemporary Debates显示文摘For over 200 years,philosophers,psychologists,and neuro-scientists have tried to discern the fundamental components and functions of the human brain.Their efforts have often focused on the ways to enhance cognition.During much of the 19th century,pedagogues emphasized the concept of“mental discipline,”which conceived of the brain as a muscle that could be strengthened by studying certain subjects.Beginning in the late 20th century,investigators evinced renewed interest in cognition.Their work has been used by educators who stress the pedagogical applications of neuro-scientific findings,and by entrepreneurs who have created an ever-expanding“brain-training”industry that underscores the salience of mental exercises and/or games.A comparison of mental discipline and modern brain training initiatives indicates that each approach assumes that specific types of cognitive transfer can occur.Nevertheless,neither approach substantiates this hypothesized benefit.Moreover,the two approaches reveal how shifting scientific frameworks can be utilized not only by researchers to advance knowledge,but also by others to promote dubious and/or specious claims. | A.Scott Henderson | 2017 | US-China Education Review(B)2017，7，6： | 0 |
| 15 | Spatial variability in carbon dioxide exchange processes within wet sedge meadows in the Canadian High Arctic显示文摘Wet sedge meadows are the most productive plant communities in the High Arctic.However,the controls on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange processes within wet sedge communities-and the scale at which they operate-are poorly understood.Here,the factors controlling CO_(2)exchange of wet sedge meadows experiencing different moisture regimes are examined.Environmental data are used to create predictive models of CO_(2)exchange on multiple temporal scales.Automated chamber systems recorded CO_(2)fluxes at 30-minute intervals at wet sedge sites in the Canadian High Arctic from June to August in 2014 and 2015.Static chambers were also deployed over a larger spatial extent in 2014.Our results show that wet sedge communities were strong CO_(2)sinks during the growing season(−7.67 to−44.36 g C·m^(−2)).CO_(2)exchange rates in wetter and drier areas within wet sedge meadows differed significantly(Wilcoxon,p<0.001),suggesting that soil moisture regimes within vegetation types influence net CO_(2)balance.Random Forest models explained a significant amount of the variability in CO_(2)flux rates over time(R2=0.46 to 0.90).The models showed that the drivers of CO_(2)exchange in these communities vary temporally.Variable moisture regimes indirectly influenced CO_(2)fluxes given that they exhibit different vegetation and temperature-response characteristics.We suggest that the response of a single vegetation type to environmental changes may vary depending on microenvironment variability within that community. | Claire M.WRIGHT Amy C.BLASER Paul M.TREITZ Neal A.SCOTT | 2021 | Advances in Polar Science2021，32，1： | 0 |
| 16 | 新母鸡的自选饲喂(二)显示文摘本文的第一部分介绍了关于温度、自选饲喂和性成熟等问题,并还介绍了所作的两个试验。第二部分将要讨论的是温度(冷和热)、间歇光照和日粮类型(全价及自选)对饲料和养分的摄食量、选食、体重变化和日产蛋重的影响,以及这些同新母鸡性成熟状态的关系。 | 王海田 Tom A.Scott | 1990 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)1990，，3： | 0 |
| 17 | Identification of QTLs for berry acid and tannin in a Vitis aestivalisderived‘Norton'-based population显示文摘Acidity and tannins are among the grape berry quality traits that influence wine quality.Despite advantageous environmental tolerances of Vitis aestivalis-derived‘Norton',its acidity and tannin concentrations often deviate from expectations set for V.vinifera.Identification of the genetic determinants of malic acid,tartaric acid,pH,and tannin can assist in the improvement of new hybrid cultivars.For this purpose,a‘Norton'and V.vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvignon'hybrid population containing 223 individuals was used to construct a linkage map containing 384 simple sequence repeat(SSR)and 2,084 genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)-derived single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers.The resulting map was 1,441.9 cM in length with an average inter-marker distance of 0.75 cM and spanned 19 linkage groups(LGs).Quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were detected for malic acid,tartaric acid,pH,and tannin.QTLs for malic acid(LG 8)and pH(LG 6)were observed across multiple years and explained approximately 17.7%and 18.5%of the phenotypic variation,respectively.Additionally,QTLs for tartaric acid were identified on linkage groups 1,6,7,9,and 17 and tannin on LG 2 in single-year data.The QTLs for tartaric acid explained between 8.8−14.3%and tannin explained 24.7%of the phenotypic variation.The markers linked to these QTLs can be used to improve hybrid cultivar breeding through marker-assisted selection. | Karlene L.Negus Li-Ling Chen Jonathan Fresnedo-Ramírez Heather A.Scott Gavin L.Sacks Lance Cadle-Davidson Chin-Feng Hwang | 2021 | Fruit Research2021，1，1： | 0 |
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