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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Refining pathological evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus显示文摘AIM:To assess tumour regression grade(TRG)and lymph node downstaging to help define patients who benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS:Two hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction treated with surgery alone or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery between 2005and 2011 at a single institution were reviewed.Triplet neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of platinum,fluoropyrimidine and anthracycline was considered for operable patients(World Health Organization performance status≤2)with clinical stage T2-4 N0-1.Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)was assessed using TRG,as described by Mandard et al.In addition lymph node downstaging was also assessed.Lymph node downstaging was defined by cN1 at diagnosis:assessed radiologically(computed tomography,positron emission tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography),then pathologically recorded as N0 after surgery;ypN0 if NAC given prior to surgery,or pN0if surgery alone.Patients were followed up for 5 years post surgery.Recurrence was defined radiologically,with or without pathological confirmation.An association was examined between t TRG and lymph node downstaging with disease free survival(DFS)and a comprehensive range of clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS:Two hundred and eighteen patients underwent esophageal resection during the study interval with a mean follow up of 3 years(median follow up:2.552,95%CI:2.022-3.081).There was a 1.8%(n=4)inpatient mortality rate.One hundred and thirty-six(62.4%)patients received NAC,with 74.3%(n=101)of patients demonstrating some signs of pathological tumour regression(TRG 1-4)and 5.9%(n=8)having a complete pathological response.Forty four point one percent(n=60)had downstaging of their nodal disease(cN1 to ypN0),compared to only 15.9%(n=13)that underwent surgery alone(pre-operatively overstaged:cN1 to pN0),(P<0.0001).Response to NAC was associated with significantly increased DFS(mean DFS;TRG 1-2:5.1years,95%CI:4.6-5.6 vs TRG 3-5:2.8 years,95%CI:2.2-3.3,P<0.0001).Nodal down-staging conferred a significant DFS advantage for those patients with a poor primary tumour response to NAC(median DFS;TRG 3-5 and nodal down-staging:5.533 years,95%CI:3.558-7.531 vs TRG 3-5 and no nodal down-staging:1.114 years,95%CI:0.961-1.267,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Response to NAC in the primary tumour and in the lymph nodes are both independently associated with improved DFS. | Fergus Noble Luke Nolan Adrian C Bateman James P Byrne Jamie J Kelly Ian S Bailey Donna M Sharland Charlotte N Rees Timothy J Iveson Tim J Underwood Andrew R Bateman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 4 |
| 3 | Effect of graft source on unrelated donor haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute leukaemia: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Mary Eapen Vanderson Rocha Guillermo Sanz Andromachi Scaradavou Mei-Jie Zhang William Arcese Anne Sirvent Richard E Champlin Nelson Chao Adrian P Gee Luis Isola Mary J Laughlin David I Marks Samir Nabhan Annalisa Ruggeri Robert Soiffer Mary M Horowitz Eli | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，7： | 2 |
| 4 | New gene cassettes for trimethoprim resistance, dfr13 ,and Streptomycin-Spectinomytin resistance, aadA4,inserled on a class 1 integron 显示文摘 | ADRIAN P V THOMSON C J KLUGMAN K P | 2000 | Antimicrob Agents Cheroother2000，44，2： | 1 |
| 5 | CD28 costimulation improves expansion and persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in lymphoma patients显示文摘 | Savoldo Barbara Ramos Carlos Almeida Liu Enli Mims Martha P Keating Michael J Carrum George Kamble Rammurti T Bollard Catherine M Gee Adrian P Mei Zhuyong Liu Hao Grilley Bambi Rooney Cliona M Heslop Helen E Brenner Malcolm K Dotti Gianpie | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes显示文摘 | Chakraborty P Balachandar S Adrian R J | 2005 | Journal of Fluid Mechanics2005，535，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Early development and quorum sensing in bacterial biofilms显示文摘 | John P Ward John R King Adrian J Koerber | 2003 | J Math Biology2003，47，1： | 1 |
| 8 | On the relationships between local vortex identification schemes显示文摘 | Chakraborty P Balachandar S Adrian R J | 2005 | J Fluid Mech2005，535，： | 1 |
| 9 | A conceptual evaluation of the multiple dimensions of relationship marketing显示文摘 | ADRIAN P MAYER J R | 1996 | Journal of Strategic Marketing1996，4，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Theory of crass-correlation of PIV images 显示文摘 | KEANE R P ADRIAN R J | 1992 | Applied Sci Res1992，49，： | 1 |
| 11 | Developing pharmacy studentcommunication skills through role-playing and active learning显示文摘 | Luiz Adrian J A Zeszotarski P Ma C | 2015 | Am JPharai Educ2015，79，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Sapphire optical fibers for the delivery of Rebium:YAG laser energy显示文摘 | Jeremiah J Fitzgibbon Herber E Bates Adrian P Pryshlak | 1995 | SPIE1995，2396，： | 1 |
| 13 | A preliminary molecular analysis of phylogenetic relationships of australasian wolf spider genera (Araneae, Lycosidae)显示文摘 | Cor J V Anthony D M Adrian M P | 2002 | J Arachnol2002，30，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Overview of interleukin-18: more than an interferon-γ inducing factor 显示文摘 | CHARLES A D DANIELA N ADRIAN J P | 1998 | Journal of Leukocyte Biology1998，63，： | 1 |
| 15 | Extraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for the Simplified Determination of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Their Metabolites in Plant Tissue显示文摘 | STEVEN J S ADRIAN RD GERALD L P | 1996 | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry1996，44，： | 1 |
| 16 | Flavonoid profiles of New Zealand Libocedrus and related genera 显示文摘 | Kenneth R M Adrian F Brian P J M | 1990 | Phytochemistry1990，29，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Biological activity of resveratrol,a stilbenic compound from grapevines, against Botrytis cinerea ,the causal agent for gray mold显示文摘 | Adrian M Jeandet P Veneau J | 1997 | Journal of Chemical Ecology1997，23，： | 1 |
| 18 | Understory abundance, species diversity and functional attribute response to thinning in coniferous stands显示文摘 | Adrian A Andrew R N Klaus J P | 2010 | Forest Ecology and Management2010，260，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Mi-crostructured Optical Fibers as High-Pressure Mi- crofluidie Reactors 显示文摘 | Sazio P J A Adrian A C Chris E F John R H | 2006 | Science2006，311，5767： | 1 |
| 20 | Variability of the midfacial muscles:analysis of 50 hemifacial cadaver dissections显示文摘 | PESSA J E ZADOO V P ADRIAN E K Jr | 1998 | Piast Reconstr Surg1998，102，6： | 1 |
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