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| 1 | Persistent alanine aminotransferase elevation among the general Iranian population: Prevalence and causes显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence and causes of persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels among the general population in northern Iran. METHODS: A total of 2292 (1376 female, aged 18-75 year), were selected by systematic clustered random sampling from the cities and villages of Gonbad and Kalaleh in Golestan Province and invited to participate in the study. A comprehensive history regarding alcohol drinking and medication was taken. Body mass index (BMI), viral markers and ALT levels were measured. If ALT level was ≥ 40 U/L, it was rechecked twice within 6 mo. Those with ≥ 2 times elevation of ALT were considered as having persistently elevated ALT level. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was diagnosed based on evidence of fatty liver upon sonography and excluding other etiology. RESULTS: A total of 2049 (1351 female) patients participated in the study, 162 (7.9%) had elevated ALT level at the first measurement. Persistently elevated ALT level was detected in 64 (3.1%) participants, with51 (79.6%) with no obvious etiology, six (9.3%) with Hepatitis B, four (6.2%) with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and three (4.6%) with alcoholic hepatitis. The prevalence of NAFLD and alcoholic hepatitis was 2.04% (42 patients) and 0.1% (three), respectively. There was correlation between NAFLD and male gender, overweight, diabetes and living in an urban area [odds ratio = 3.03 (95% CI: 1.6-5.72), 4.21 (95% CI: 1.83-9.68), 2.86 (95% CI: 1.05-7.79) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.00-4.16) respectively]. CONCLUSION: NAFLD is the most common cause of persistently elevated serum ALT level among the general population of Iran. | Raika Jamali Mahmoodreza Khonsari Shahin Merat Masoud Khoshnia Elham Jafari Alireza Bahram Kalhori Hassan Abolghasemi Sedighe Amini Mahtab Maghsoudlu Mohammad Reza Deyhim Houri Rezvan Akram Pourshams | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，18： | 7 |
| 2 | Healthy ranges of serum alanine aminotransferase levels in Iranian blood donors显示文摘AIM: The healthy ranges for serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) levels are less well studied. The aim of this study was to define the upper limit of normal (ULN) for serum ALT levels, and to assess factors associated with serum ALT activity in apparently healthy blood donors. METHODS: A total of 1 939 blood donors were included.ALT measurements were performed for all cases using the same laboratory method. Healthy ranges for ALT levels werecomputed from the population at the lowest risk for liver disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate associations between clinical factors and ALT levels.RESULTS: Serum ALT activity was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) and male gender, but not associated with age. Association of ALT with BMI was more prominent in males than in females. Upper limit of normal for non-overweight women (BMI of less than 25) was 34 U/L,and for non-overweight men was 40 U/L.CONCLUSION: Serum ALT is strongly associated with sex and BMI. The normal range of ALT should be defined for male and female separately. | Mehdi Mohamadnejad Akram Pourshams Reza Malekzadeh Ashraf Mohamadkhani Afsaneh Rajabiani Ali Ali Asgari Seyed Meysam Alimohamadi Hadi Razjooyan Mansooreh Mamar-Abadi | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，10： | 6 |
| 3 | Ecologic study of serum selenium and upper gastrointestinal cancers in Iran显示文摘AIM: Both observational and experimental studies have shown that higher selenium status reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal cancers in selenium deficient populations.Recent cancer registry data have shown very different rates of esophageal cancer (EC) and gastric cancer (GC) in four Provinces of Iran, namely Ardabil, Mazandaran, Golestan,and Kerman. The aim of this study was to have a preliminary assessment of the hypothesis that high rates of EC in Golestan and high rates of GC in Ardabil may be partly attributable to selenium deficiency.METHODS: We measured serum selenium in 300 healthy adults from ArdabU (n = 100), Mazandaran (n = 50), Golestan (n = 100), and Kerman (n = 50), using inductively coupled plasma, with dynamic reaction cell, mass spectrometry (ICP-DRC-MS) at the US Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta,Georgia).RESULTS: The median serum selenium concentrations were very different in the four Provinces. The medians (IQR) for selenium in Ardabil, Mazandarn, Golestan, and Kerman were 82 (75-94), 123 (111-132), 155 (141-173), and 119 (110-128) μg/L, respectively (P<0.001). The results of linear regression showed that the Province variable, by itself,explained 76% of the variance in log selenium (r^2 = 0.76).The proportion of the populations with a serum selenium more than 90μg/L (the concentration at which serum selenoproteins are saturated) was 100% in Golestan,Kerman, and Mazandaran but only 29% in ArdabU.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest nat selenium defidency is not a major contributor to the high incidence of EC seen in northeastern Iran, but it may play a role in the high incidence of GC in Ardabil Province. | Mehdi Nouarie Akram Pourshams Farin Kamangar Masood Sotoudeh Mohammad Hossein Derakhshan Mobammad Reza Akbari Hafez Fakheri Mohammad Javad Zahedi Kathleen Caldwell Christian C.Abnet Philip R.Taylor Reza Malekzadeh Sanford M.Dawsey | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，17： | 2 |
| 4 | Tea drinking habits and oesophageal cancer in a high risk area in northern Iran: population based case-control study 显示文摘 | Farhad Islami Akram Pourshams Dariush Nasrollahzadeh | 2009 | BMJ2009，338，： | 1 |
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