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| 1 | Use of ketamine sedation for the management of displaced paediatric forearm fractures显示文摘AIM To determine if ketamine sedation is a safe and cost effective way of treating displaced paediatric radial and ulna fractures in the emergency department. METHODS Following an agreed interdepartmental protocol, fractures of the radius and ulna(moderately to severely displaced) in children between the age of 2 and 16 years old, presenting within a specified 4 mo period, were manipulated in our paediatric emergency department. Verbal and written consent was obtained prior to procedural sedation to ensure parents were informed and satisfied to have ketamine. A single attempt at manipulation was performed. Pre and postmanipulation radiographs were requested and assessed to ensure adequacy of reduction. Parental satisfaction surveys were collected after the procedure to assess the perceived quality of treatment. After closed reduction and cast immobilisation, patients were then followed-up in the paediatric outpatient fracture clinic and functional outcomes measured prospectively. A cost analysis compared to more formal manipulation under a general anaesthetic was also undertaken.RESULTS During the 4 mo period of study, 10 closed, moderate to severely displaced fractures were identified and treated in the paediatric emergency department using our ketamine sedation protocol. These included fractures of the growth plate(3), fractures of both radius and ulna(6) and a single isolated proximal radius fracture. The mean time from administration of ketamine until completion of the moulded plaster was 20 min. The mean time interval from sedation to full recovery was 74 min. We had no cases of unacceptable fracture reduction and no patients required any further manipulation, either in fracture clinic or under a more formal general anaesthetic. There were no serious adverse events in relation to the use of ketamine. Parents, patients and clinicians reported extremely favourable outcomes using this technique. Furthermore, compared to using a manipulation under general anaesthesia, each case performed under ketamine sedation was associated with a saving of ￡1470, the overall study saving being ￡14700. CONCLUSION Ketamine procedural sedation in the paediatric population is a safe and cost effective method for the treatment of displaced fractures of the radius and ulna, with high parent satisfaction rates. | Anatole Vilhelm Wiik Poonam Patel Joanna Bovis Adele Cowper Philip Socrates Pastides Alison Hulme Stuart Evans Charles Stewart | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Pigment Gallstones Form as a Composite of Bacterial Microcolonies and Pigment Solids显示文摘 | LYGIA STEWART ALISON L. SMITH CARLOS A. PELLEGRINI ROGER W. MOTSON LAWRENCE W. WAY | 1987 | Annals of Surgery1987，，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Biochar induced soil microbial community change: Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus显示文摘 | Craig R. Anderson Leo M. Condron Tim J. Clough Mark Fiers Alison Stewart Robert A. Hill Robert R. Sherlock | 2011 | Pedobiologia - International Journal of Soil Biology2011，，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Effects of past and current crop management on soil microbial biomass and activity显示文摘 | Christine Stark Leo M. Condron Alison Stewart Hong J. Di Maureen O’Callaghan | | 0，2007，： | 1 |
| 5 | Biochar induced soil microbial community change: Implications for biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus显示文摘 | Craig R. Anderson Leo M. Condron Tim J. Clough Mark Fiers Alison Stewart Robert A. Hill Robert R. Sherlock | 2011 | Pedobiologia - International Journal of Soil Biology2011，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | 高效的以太网供电解决方案降低了总体成本显示文摘IEEE802.3at规范定义的以太网供电(PoE)是通过一条CAT-5以太例电缆安全地传输应用数据和电源的方法。由于它支持灵活地在任何地方安装设备, | Alison Steer Heath Stewart | 2013 | 今日电子2013，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | 高效的以太网供电解决方案降低了总体成本显示文摘IEEE 802.3at规范定义的以太网供电(PoE),是通过一条CAT-5以太网电缆安全地传输应用数据和电源的方法。本文介绍的LTPoE++供电设备(PSE),采用了更智能的PSE隔离体系结构,以减少元器件数量,尽量少使用昂贵的外部元器件。全面的电缆放电保护和80V绝对最大值的引脚,保证了现场工作的高可靠性。 | Alison Steer Heath Stewart | 2014 | 电源世界2014，，3： | 0 |
| 8 | Biodiversity and distribution of Hypocrea/Trichoderma species in New Zeala nd显示文摘With increased imports of foreign microbes either as commercial biocontrol produ cts or for the purposes of research, there is potentially an increased threat to indigenous beneficial microflora. In the present study, indigenous species of t he fungal genus Hypocrea/Trichoderma are being used as a model system to d etermine the impact of foreign microbes on the native microflora of New Zealand. In order to protect such microflora, one has to first be aware of what is curre ntly present and what sites, if any, are most vulnerable. A preliminary survey f or the presence and diversity of species of Hypocrea/Trichoderma is curren tly underway in New Zealand and samples are being assessed from forest soils, ag ricultural soils, orchards, garden soils, sclerotia of various plant pathogens a nd pasture land. To date 238 isolates have been identified using both morphologi cal characters and DNA sequence data from the ITS regions of the ribosomal gene cluster (ITS1 & ITS2) and, in some instances, sequence of the elongation facto r gene (EF1-α) . Isolates were found to represent 16 known species plus three s pec ies as yet undescribed. In forest soils T. harzianum /T. inhamatum (31%) and T. viride (29%) followed by T. fertile (13%), were clearly th e most abundant species and the remaining five species found in forests (T. a troviride, T. koningii, T. aureoviride, H. cf. flavovirens anamorph and one u nknown) each accounting for <8% of the total. Dominance by the species T. h arzianum/inhamatum is consistent with studies done in South-East Asia, a mid -E uropean primeval floodplain-forest and Moscow. In contrast, when isolations wer e conducted with a bias for biocontrol capabilities it was found that the species T. atroviride (29%), T. koningii (17 %), T. harzianum (1 5%) and T. viride (12%) dominated respectively. This survey is currently on go ing in New Zealand. Future studies will monitor indigenous species and strains f ollowing inoculation of specific microbes to assess the impact of the introduced microbe on the natural ecosystem. | Sarah L Dodd Alison Stewart | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 0 |
| 9 | Commercial development of Trichoderma species for control of soil-borne vegetable diseases and their integration into standard crop management practices显示文摘A 10 year research programme at Lincoln University, investigating the use of Trichoderma species for biological control of soil-borne diseases of vegetable crops, has resulted in the development of two commercial products. Trichodry TM. 6S and Trichoflow TM. 6S based upon Trichoderma hamatum isolate 6SR4, are used to control Sclerotinia lettuce drop disease. The Trichodry 6S product is formulated as a dry flake, which is incorporated into nursery seedling mix and the Trichoflow 6S is a wettable powder which is used as a top-up drench before planting. The treatment stimulates seedling establishment and vigour and protects the developing seedling from Sclerotinia minor infection after transplanting in the field.The second commercial product is Trichopel TM. Ali 52, based upon Trichoderma atroviride isolate C52, which is used to control Sclerotium cepivorum, the causal agent of Allium white rot disease. The product is formulated as a granule and applied into the furrow at planting time. The fungus proliferates in the rhizosphere region and protects the growing seedling from pathogen attack by a combination of nutrient competition, antibiosis and mycoparasitism. The use of Trichopel Ali 52 under low to medium disease pressure in Pukekohe, the main vegetable growing region of New Zealand, gave a three fold cost benefit through yield increases in the 2003-2004 season. Current field development work involves the use of a wettable powder formulation of T. atroviride distributed via a T-tape irrigation system to target mid-season applications of the product to the onion roots. Both products perform well under low to moderate disease pressure but, when there is high disease pressure, an integrated programme is required to give satisfactory control. Current research is focused on gaining a greater understanding of the biotic and abiotic factors, which influence biocontrol activity under field conditions as a means to enhance integrated control approaches. For example, T. atroviride C52, when applied to the planting furrow, is compatible with procymidone, benomyl and captan but not thiram when applied as onion seed treatments. It is also compatible with the majority of other fungicides applied to the onion crop to protect against foliar diseases such as Botrytis and downy mildew. The product can be integrated with the use of the germination stimulant diallyl disulphide (DADS) as long as the Trichoderma product is applied at least two weeks after DADS application. The product is not compatible with the use of nitrogen fertilisers due to the sensitivity of the Trichoderma mycelium to high N, thus, care must be taken to separate fertilizer application from that of the biocontrol product. Expansion of the range of crop diseases targeted by the biocontrol products is currently under investigation with promising results obtained against a number of Botrytis diseases. | Kirstin L McLean John S Hunt Alison Stewart | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 0 |
| 10 | Genetic regulation of conidiation in Trichoderma hamatum显示文摘Achieving a balance between vegetative growth and spore production is essential for successful biocontrol by fungi. Low sporulation rates in the field can result in poor establishment and survival, whereas failure of conidia to recognise hosts can lead to persistence without efficacy. Commercial biocontrol products involve bulk preparations of conidia, however considerable variability in conidiation rates exists between biocontrol agents, which can restrict choice of strain for production. The majority of studies on Trichoderma conidiation have focused on the species T. viride and T. atroviride. These species form conidia in response to blue and near-UV light and/or nutrient deprivation and conidiation proceeds in a highly co-ordinated fashion, however relatively little is known on the genetic basis of Trichoderma conidiation. In addition, whilst photoconidiation appears to be a general response detailed studies in other Trichoderma species are absent. In this study, conidiation in the lesser known biocontrol species T. hamatum is being investigated using a combined morphological and molecular approach. In contrast to T. atroviride, conidiation in response to blue-light was weaker and variable and suggested that additional triggers may be required for the T. hamatum photoresponse. A series of comparative photoconidiation assays are currently being undertaken investigating the effect of inoculum type and abiotic factors on timing and intensity of the response. Results will be discussed in relation to the current knowledge on conidial morphogenesis in Trichoderma. In addition to these morphological assays, a selection of genes implicated in sporulation and the blue-light responses are currently being isolated and characterised from T. hamatum. Two genes, phr1 and cmp1, which were isolated previously from T. atroviride will be used as early and late markers of gene expression during the photoresponse in T. hamatum in order to define time points for harvesting comparable stage-specific RNA from T. hamatum and T. atroviride. Using degenerate PCR putative sporulation gene orthologues have also been identified in T. hamatum. Work is currently underway to isolate genomic clones of these genes from T. hamatum and T. atroviride. Sequence and expression analysis of orthologues, including expression in response to abiotic factors will be presented and discussed in relation to the current knowledge of the molecular basis of conidiation in Trichoderma and other filamentous fungi. | Johanna Steyaert Travis Glare Alison Stewart Margaret Carpenter Hayley Ridgway | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Identification of novel Trichoderma hamatum genes expressed during mycoparasitism显示文摘Trichoderma species are currently used as biocontrol agents for crop diseases caused by a number of fungal plant pathogens. However, their biocontrol performance in the field can be unreliable and it is likely that more consistent performance could be achieved through knowledge and manipulation of the genes involved. For example, induction of the genes could be optimised for variable environmental and physiological conditions, superior strains could be selected more effectively and novel strains could be created. One method by which Trichoderma species accomplish biocontrol is mycoparasitism. Several genes involved in the mycoparasitic interaction have previously been characterised, however these consist predominantly of those that encode enzymes that degrade fungal cell walls. In the current study subtractive hybridisation was used to target genes expressed when Trichoderma hamatum and the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were cultured together, subtracting genes expressed when each are grown individually. This experimental design has the potential to yield T. hamatum genes involved in mycoparasitism of S. sclerotiorum, and S. sclerotiorum genes up-regulated in host defence. The cDNA fragments yielded by the subtraction were characterised with respect to expression, sequence and species of origin. A number of novel T. hamatum genes which were up-regulated during mycoparasitism were identified. | Margaret Carpenter Alison Stewart Hayley Ridgway | 2004 | 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2004，30，4： | 0 |
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