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| 1 | 自然杀伤细胞与癌症--杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR)的调控显示文摘自然杀伤(natural killer,NK)细胞是先天性免疫效应细胞,约占人外周血淋巴细胞总数的10%-15%,主要参与免疫监视,以消除转化细胞和病毒感染细胞。NK细胞最初被界定是由于它们具有自发消除少数主要组织相容性复合物I类(major histocompatibility class I,MHC-I)自身分子表达缺乏细胞的能力,即常说的'丢失自我'识别能力。NK细胞表面表达的MHC-I特异性抑制性受体,可使NK细胞对表达MHC-I的正常细胞耐受,此为丢失自我识别能力的分子基础。由于缺乏抑制性受体的配体,表面MHC-I表达下调的肿瘤细胞和病毒感染细胞易受NK细胞攻击。杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体(KIR;CD158)组成MHC-I结合受体家族,对调节人NK细胞和部分T细胞的活化阈值起重要作用。KIR多样性使NK细胞具有多种功能,在此我们将综述多个水平上的KIR多样性,并诠释KIR多样性是如何影响各种疾病(包括癌症)的易感性的。我们将进一步阐述通过针对KIR进行癌症治疗的策略:利用KIR/MHC-I配体的错配以强化造血干细胞移植的效果,以及通过阻滞KIR以增强对肿瘤细胞的杀伤力。 | Amanda K. PURDY Kerry S. CAMPBELL 王伟强(翻译) 李书军(翻译) 南娟(校对) 丁燕(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，7： | 3 |
| 2 | Procedural simulation:medical student preference and value of three task trainers for ultrasound guided regional anesthesia显示文摘BACKGROUND: Ultrasound guided regional anesthesia is widely taught using task trainer models. Commercially available models are often used; however, they can be cost prohibitive. Therefore, alternative 'homemade' models with similar fidelity are often used. We hypothesize that professional task trainers will be preferred over homemade models. The purpose of this study is to determine realism, durability and cleanliness of three different task trainers for ultrasound guided nerve blocks.METHODS: This was a prospective observational study using a convenience sample of medical student participants in an ultrasound guided nerve block training session on January 24 th, 2015. Participants were asked to perform simulated nerve blocks on three different task trainers including, 1 commercial and 2 homemade. A questionnaire was then given to all participants to rate their experiences both with and without the knowledge on the cost of the simulator device.RESULTS: Data was collected from 25 participants. The Blue Phantom model was found to have the highest fidelity. Initially, 10(40%) of the participants preferred the Blue Phantom model, while 10(40%) preferred the homemade gelatin model and 5(20%) preferred the homemade tofu model. After cost awareness, the majority, 18(72%) preferred the gelatin model.CONCLUSION: The Blue Phantom model was thought to have the highest fidelity, but after cost consideration the homemade gelatin model was preferred. | Shadi Lahham Taylaur Smith Jessa Baker Amanda Purdy Erica Frumin Bret Winners Sean P.Wilson Abdulatif Gari John C.Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，4： | 2 |
| 3 | Feasibility study of first-year medical students identifying cardiac anatomy using ultrasound in rural Panama显示文摘BACKGROUND: There are over 15 million children who have cardiac anomalies around the world, resulting in a significant morbidity and mortality. Early recognition and treatment can improve the outcomes and lengthen life-expectancy of these patients. The NIH and WHO have promoted guidelines for screening for congenital cardiac anomalies using ultrasound in rural environments.METHODS: Our study took place in Bocas Del Toro, Panama where a mobile clinic was established for community healthcare screening and ultrasonographic evaluation by medical student volunteers and volunteer clinical faculty. This was a non-blinded, investigational study utilizing a convenience sample of pediatric patients presenting for voluntary evaluation. Seven first-year medical students were recruited for the study. These students underwent a training program for advanced cardiac ultrasound instruction, termed 'Pediatric Echocardiography Cardiac Screening(PECS)'.RESULTS: Ten patients were enrolled in the study. Nine patients had adequate images as defined by the PECS criteria and were all classified as normal cardiac pathology by the medical students, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. A single patient was identified by medical students as having a pathologic pulmonic stenosis. This was confirmed as correct by a blinded ultrasonographer.CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, the first-year medical students were able to correctly identify pediatric cardiac anatomy and pathology in rural Panama after undergoing a 12-hour ultrasound PECS training session. We believe that with this knowledge, minimally trained practitioners can be used to screen for cardiac anomalies in rural Panama using ultrasound. | Brianna Miner Amanda Purdy Laura Curtis Kevin Simonson Caleb Shumway Jessa Baker Jessica Vaughan Kara Percival Olivia Sanchez Shadi Lahham Linda Joseph J Christian Fox | 2015 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2015，6，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Benign Breast Disease显示文摘 | Amanda L. Amin Anna C. Purdy Joanne D. Mattingly Amanda L. Kong Paula M. Termuhlen | 2013 | Surgical Clinics of North America2013，，： | 1 |
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