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| 1 | GRADE:证据质量和推荐强度分级的共识显示文摘GRADE工作组致中国读者:推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)工作组已取得长足进步。我们制定了系列指南文件,除发表文章外,该非正式组织已经发展成为一个评价证据、转化卫生保健领域知识用以指导决策者的智囊团。80余位国际专家研究和制定了该评价系统。正如其他科学一样,证据评价和指南制定科学不会停滞不前。经过十年发展,GRADE的工作将借助中国Cochrane中心的推广在中国的卫生保健领域更加广为人知。GRADE工作组的成员期待与中国的指南制定组织、方法学家、临床医生和决策者合作,实现我们的共同目标:人人享有更好的卫生保健。中国Cochrane中心翻译GRADE工作组在BMJ上发表的系列文章,是朝这个方向迈出的重要一步,也是对下一步在中国推广GRADE工作的直接贡献。感兴趣的读者可登录我们的网站www.gradeworkinggroup.org和在以下网址获取我们的软件GRADEprohttp://gffzz73f9075754ca43bbh60okvk9pop5k6bwc.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn. | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Gunn E Vist Regina Kunz Yngve Falck-Ytter Pablo Alonso-Coello Holger J Schünemann GRADE工作组 陈佩贤 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，1： | 60 |
| 2 | 卫生经济学评价报告标准共识2022(CHEERS 2022):卫生经济学评价报告指导意见更新版显示文摘卫生经济学评价是对备选行动方案的成本和结果的比较分析。2013年发表的《卫生经济学评价报告标准共识》(CHEERS)提出了卫生经济学评价的特点,确保结果正确阐释,以支持决策制订。2013版CHEERS旨在指导研究报告撰写者准确报告卫生干预和对照措施、背景、过程、结果等评价细节,使审稿人理解文章内容,帮助读者使用研究结果。本版共识将取代2013版共识,其更加适用于各类卫生经济学评价,结合学科发展和方法更新的需要,更注重患者、公众等相关利益方的参与。本共识适用多种个体或人群健康干预措施(简单或复杂)在不同政策场景的应用分析,包括医疗服务、公共卫生、教育、社会服务等。本文概要介绍了CHEERS 2022共识中包含的28个检查项及每一个检查项的相关建议。CHEERS 2022共识主要用于指导研究人员撰写拟投递同行评议学术期刊的卫生经济学评价文章,亦可用于期刊编辑和审稿专家对待发表文章的评价。熟悉了解本共识要求,还有助于研究人员规划评价研究。随着决策透明度要求提高,本共识可支持卫生技术评估机构建立评价报告标准。 | Don Husereau Michael Drummond Federico Augustovski Esther de Bekker-Grob Andrew H Briggs Chris Carswell Lisa Caulley Nathorn Chaiyakunapruk Dan Greenberg Elizabeth Loder Josephine Mauskopf C Daniel Mullins Stavros Petrou Raoh-Fang Pwu Sophie Staniszewska on behalf of CHEERSISPOR Good Research Practices Task Force 肖月(译) 邱英鹏(译) 史黎炜(译) 张治国(译) 张歆(译) 王海银(译) 翟铁民(译) | 2022 | 英国医学杂志中文版2022，25，8： | 31 |
| 3 | Helicobacter pylori-induced inflammation and epigenetic changes during gastric carcinogenesis显示文摘The sequence of events associated with the development of gastric cancer has been described as 'the gastric precancerous cascade'. This cascade is a dynamic process that includes lesions, such as atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. According to this model, Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection targets the normal gastric mucosa causing non-atrophic gastritis, an initiating lesion that can be cured by clearing H. pylori with antibiotics or that may then linger in the case of chronic infection and progress to atrophic gastritis. The presence of virulence factors in the infecting H. pylori drives the carcinogenesis process. Independent epidemiological and animal studies have confirmed the sequential progression of these precancerous lesions. Particularly long-term follow-up studies estimated a risk of 0.1% for atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia and 6% in case of dysplasia for the long-term development of gastric cancer. With this in mind, a better understanding of the genetic and epigenetic changes associated with progression of the cascade is critical in determining the risk of gastric cancer associated with H. pylori infection. In this review, we will summarize some of the mostrelevant mechanisms and focus predominantly but not exclusively on the discussion of gene promoter methylation and mi RNAs in this context. | Manuel A Valenzuela Jimena Canales Alejandro H Corvalán Andrew FG Quest | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，45： | 33 |
| 4 | GRADE:从证据到推荐显示文摘GRADE系统将指南中的推荐分为强弱两级。本文旨在探索这种分级的含义及对患者、临床医生、政策制定者各自的意义。 | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Yngve Falck-Ytter Gunn E Vist Alessandro Liberati Holger J Schünemann 谭培勇 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，3： | 26 |
| 5 | Model for end-stage liver disease score versus Child score in predicting the outcome of surgical procedures in patients with cirrhosis显示文摘AIM:To determine factors affecting the outcome of patients with cirrhosis undergoing surgery and to compare the capacities of the Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score to predict that outcome. METHODS:We reviewed the charts of 195 patients with cirrhosis who underwent surgery at two teaching hospitals over a five-year period.The combined endpoint of death or hepatic decompensation was considered to be the primary endpoint. RESULTS:Patients who reached the endpoint had a higher MELD score,a higher CTP score and were more likely to have undergone an urgent procedure.Among patients undergoing elective surgical procedures,no statistically significant difference was noted in the mean MELD(12.8±3.9 vs 12.6±4.7,P=0.9)or in the mean CTP(7.6±1.2 vs 7.7±1.7,P=0.8)between patients who reached the endpoint and those who did not.Both mean scores were higher in the patients reaching the endpoint in the case of urgent procedures(MELD:22.4± 8.7 vs 15.2±6.4,P=0.0007;CTP:9.9±1.8 vs 8.5±1.8, P=0.008).The performances of the MELD and CTP scores in predicting the outcome of urgent surgery were only fair,without a significant difference between them (AUC=0.755±0.066 for MELD vs AUC=0.696±0.070 for CTP,P=0.3). CONCLUSION:The CTP and MELD scores performedequally,but only fairly in predicting the outcome of urgent surgical procedures.Larger studies are needed to better define the factors capable of predicting the outcome of elective surgical procedures in patients with cirrhosis. | Maarouf A Hoteit Amaar H Ghazale Andrew J Bain Eli S Rosenberg Kirk A Easley Frank A Anania Robin E Rutherford | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，11： | 16 |
| 6 | GRADE:什么是“证据质量”?为什么它对临床医生重要?显示文摘指南制定者们利用各式各样的系统对证据质量进行分级,并据此给出他们的推荐意见。但这些分级系统有些过于简单,有的不易理解,还有的尽管详细却很复杂。 | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Gunn E Vist Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J Schünemann 陈柳 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，2： | 12 |
| 7 | 光动力学疗法辅助手术治疗脑恶性肿瘤显示文摘本文报告应用激光 血卟啉衍生物辅助手术治疗26例脑恶性肿瘤,其中21例为恶性胶质瘤4例为脑转移癌,1例为恶性脑膜瘤。我们认为应用4~7mg/kg体重HPD和波长630nm激光.剂量达到300J/cm辅助手术治疗脑恶性胂瘤未增加并发症的发生.且取得了较好的治疗效果。 | 朱树干 周茂德 张成 鲍秀峰 李新钢 庞琦 吴思恩 陈增谦 赵献光 孙向东 Andrew H Kaye M.D | 1993 | 中国肿瘤临床1993，20，12： | 10 |
| 8 | 应用^(222)Rn研究黑河流域地表水与地下水转换关系显示文摘黑河流域位于西北干旱区,流域水资源的一个显著特点是地表水与地下水的相互转换频繁。了解流域地表水与地下水的相互转换关系是进行流域水资源管理和水利规划的重要依据。222Rn是一种放射性惰性气体,地下水中222Rn的浓度远大于地表水222Rn的浓度,同时,222Rn具有较短的半衰期,因此222Rn是一种研究地表水与地下水转换关系非常良好的示踪剂。利用222Rn作为同位素示踪剂,研究分析了黑河中游地表水与地下水的转换关系。研究结果表明,出山口莺落峡至张掖黑河大桥河段,地表水入渗补给地下水;张掖大桥以下至正义峡河段,地下水排泄补给河流。 | 钱云平 Andrew L H 张春岚 王玲 | 2005 | 人民黄河2005，27，12： | 8 |
| 9 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 10 | Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Rafael Lozano Mohsen Naghavi Kyle Foreman Stephen Lim Kenji Shibuya Victor Aboyans Jerry Abraham Timothy Adair Rakesh Aggarwal Stephanie Y Ahn Mohammad A AlMazroa Miriam Alvarado H Ross Anderson Laurie M Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Charles Atkinson Larry M | 2012 | The Lancet . 2012 (9859)2012，，9859： | 7 |
| 11 | 饲料中霉菌毒素生物学特性及其检测防治的研究进展显示文摘霉菌毒素是毒性很强的霉菌次生代谢产物,是农作物的霉变重要诱因。当被动物体食入、吸入或被皮肤吸收后,霉菌毒素常常会引起机能减退、疾病乃至死亡。导致饲料霉菌毒素污染的原因包括环境因素和饲料生产环节两个方面。高温高湿的环境会促进霉菌毒素的生长旺盛。近十年来因为与人类以及动物的健康和生产密切相关,霉菌毒素的研究不断得到重视。因此,饲料原料有效的、低成本的、快速的检测手段尤为重要。当前方法有使用高效液相色谱(HPLC),薄层色谱法(TLC)。此外,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)也被应用到快速检测中。荧光偏振免疫法等新方法也逐步被应用,基于红外光谱技术的方法也不断被报导。防治农作物霉变的方法包括提早收割,合理干燥、设备处理和储存加工。此外可以使用化学、生物、脱霉剂等来减少霉菌毒素的危害。 | 朱润芝 赖林泉 李京敬 张海彬 Charles Han Andrew H Davis 俞雁 | 2009 | 中国动物检疫2009，26，6： | 6 |
| 12 | 静脉血栓栓塞显示文摘静脉血栓栓塞,包括深静脉血栓形成与肺动脉栓塞,普通可见,在医院和院外均可进行治疗主要危险因素包括年龄、近期手术(特别是整形手术)、癌症及血栓形成倾向已确立的治疗有普通肝素、低分子量肝素。 | Andrew D Blann Gregory Y H Lip 刘仁斌(译) 王深明(校) | 2006 | 英国医学杂志中文版2006，9，5： | 6 |
| 13 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 14 | Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Rafael Lozano Mohsen Naghavi Kyle Foreman Stephen Lim Kenji Shibuya Victor Aboyans Jerry Abraham Timothy Adair Rakesh Aggarwal Stephanie Y Ahn Mohammad A AlMazroa Miriam Alvarado H Ross Anderson Laurie M Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Charles Atkinson Larry M | 2012 | The Lancet2012，，9859： | 5 |
| 15 | 作为赋存于花岗岩中钨锡矿化勘探指南的流体包裹体异常——前景展望显示文摘Studies of the distribution and abundance of fluid inclusions in granitic quartz associated with granite-hosted Sn-W mineralization of the British Isles reveal local and regional scale anomalies.At a sampling interval of c.5~50m,inclusion abundances increase towards zones of vein and stockwork mineralization exemplified by case history examples from exploration prospects in the Mourne Mountains of Northern Ireland and the Carrock Fell mining district of northwestern England.These steam aureoles provide a greater exploration target than the zone of visible alteration and mineralization and the lithogeochemical halo.But it is important to link them to geochemical data on fluid inclusion compositions,such as the semi-quantitative data from decrepitation-linked,ICP-AES (D-ICP)analysis,to optimize their exploration potential.Regional scale fluid inclusion anomalies,based on sampling intervals of c. 2km from the Sn-W mineralized granites of southwest England also broadly correlate with zones of intense mineralization in some areas. Regional-scale D-ICP analyses of quartz from SW England granites did not provide any convincing regional scale anomalies linked to mineralization except for positive boron anomalies around the centrally-mineralized Birch Tor area of the Dartmoor granite.Follow-up D-ICP analysis of quartz from stream sediments from this area,however,could be used to discriminate between samples related to mineralization from those draining unmineralized areas,using multivariate statistical analysis.At the present stage of development, the main contribution of fluid inclusion studies to mineral exploration is mostly limited to the conceptual stage where they continue to contribute to ore genetic theory and models.Costs and lack of knowledge transfer between research scientists and mineral explorationists limit their direct use during regional and target selection stages of exploration.Analysis of steam sediment quartz,using the more sensitive ICP-MS technique as a variant of the D-ICP method,appears to offer the greatest potential for future development as an exploration tool. | Andrew H RANKIN | 2007 | 岩石学报2007，23，1： | 5 |
| 16 | 澳大利亚人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗计划实施5年对年轻人群生殖器疣患病情况的影响:国家调查数据分析显示文摘目的评估2007年中开始的澳大利亚人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗计划对生殖器疣患病情况的影响。设计国家调查数据趋势分析。数据来源数据收集于2004--2011年度澳大利亚8所性健康服务机构;其中2所最大的临床中心收集了自我报告的本中心2009年度HPV疫苗现状。研究对象2004--2011年度首次就诊的85770名澳大利亚出生的国民;其中7686(9.0%)名患生殖器疣。主要结局测量比较前疫苗时期(2004—2007年中)和疫苗时期(2007年中-2001年末)不同人群生殖器疣新发病率变化趋势。结果疫苗时期21岁以下和21~30岁女性诊断患有生殖器疣的比例明显下降,发病率分别从2007年度的11.5%和11.3%下降至2011年度的0.85%和3.1%,P均〈0.001。在30岁以上的女性中未发现发病率的明显下降。在21岁以下和21~30岁异性恋男性人群中疫苗时期生殖器疣的发病率较前疫苗时期明显下降,分别由2007年度12.1%和18.2%下降至2011年度2.2%和8.9%,P均〈0.001。30岁以上的异性恋男性人群中发病率无明显下降。2011年235名21岁以下女性在使用HPV疫苗后无新发生殖器疣病例。结论年轻女性生殖器疣发病率的显著下降和2011年度部分年轻女性使用疫苗后的零发病率,说明HPV疫苗获得实验室外的良好功效。异性恋男性生殖器疣发病率的显著下降可能是由于群体免疫所致。 | Hammad Ali,lecturer Basil Donovan, professor HandanWand,senior lecturer Tim R H Read, sexual health physician David G Regan,senior lecturer Andrew E Grulich, professor Christopher K FaMey, professor Rebecca J Guy, associate professor 尹婕(译) 潘凌亚(校) | 2013 | 英国医学杂志中文版2013，16，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for resectable oesophageal carcinoma: an updated meta-analysis显示文摘 | Katrin M Sjoquist Bryan H Burmeister B Mark Smithers John R Zalcberg R John Simes Andrew Barbour Val Gebski | 2011 | Lancet Oncology2011，，7： | 4 |
| 18 | A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Stephen S Lim Theo Vos Abraham D Flaxman Goodarz Danaei Kenji Shibuya Heather Adair-Rohani Mohammad A AlMazroa Markus Amann H Ross Anderson Kathryn G Andrews Martin Aryee Charles Atkinson Loraine J Bacchus Adil N Bahalim Kalpana Balakrishnan John Balmes S | 2012 | 2012 (9859)2012，，9859： | 3 |
| 19 | MicroRNA-31 functions as an oncogenic microRNA in mouse and human lung cancer cells by repressing specific tumor suppressors显示文摘 | Liu Xi Sempere Lorenzo F Ouyang Haoxu Memoli Vincent A Andrew Angeline S Luo Yue Demidenko Eugene Korc Murray Shi Wei Preis Meir Dragnev Konstantin H Li Hua DiRenzo James Bak Mads Freemantle Sarah J Kauppinen Sakari Dmitrovsky Ethan | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2010，，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Combination of corticosteroids and 5-aminosalicylates or corticosteroids alone for patients with moderate-severe active ulcerative colitis:A global survey of physicians'practice显示文摘AIM To examine treatment decisions of gastroenterologists regarding the choice of prescribing 5-aminosalycilates(5ASA) with corticosteroids(CS) versus corticosteroids alone for patients with active ulcerative colitis(UC). METHODS A cross-sectional questionnaire exploring physicians' attitude toward 5ASA + CS combination therapy vs CS alone was developed and validated. The questionnaire was distributed to gastroenterology experts in twelve countries in five continents. Respondents' agreement with stated treatment choices were assessed by standardized Likert scale. Background professional characteristics of respondents were analyzed for correlation with responses. RESULTS Six hundred and sixty-four questionnaires were distributed and 349 received(52.6% response rate). Of 340 eligible respondents, 221(65%) would continue 5ASA in a patient hospitalized for intravenous CS treatment due to a moderate-severe UC flare, while 108(32%) would stop the 5ASA(P < 0.001), and 11(3%) are undecided. Similarly, 62% would continue 5ASA in an out-patient starting oral CS. However, only 140/340(41%) would proactively start 5ASA in a hospitalized patient not receiving 5ASA before admission. Most(94%) physicians consider the safety profile of 5ASA as very good. Only 52% consider them inexpensive, 35% perceive them to be expensive and 12% are undecided. On multi-variable analysis, less years of practice and perception of a plausible additive mechanistic effect of 5ASA + CS were positively associated with the decision to continue 5ASA with CS. CONCLUSION Despite the absence of data supporting its benefit, most gastroenterologists endorse combination of 5ASA + CS for patients with active moderate-to-severe UC. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess if 5ASA confer any benefit for these patients. | Shomron Ben-Horin Jane M Andrews Konstantinos H Katsanos Florian Rieder Flavio Steinwurz Konstantinos Karmiris Jae Hee Cheon Gordon William Moran Monica Cesarini Christian D Stone Doron Schwartz Marijana Protic Xavier Roblin Giulia Roda Min-Hu Chen Ofir Har-Noy Charles N Bernstein | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 3 |
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