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| 1 | 土壤保持耕作——全球农业可持续发展优先领域显示文摘从农业活动对全球变化以及对农业可持续发展的影响进而导致全球性土壤保持需求的迫切性增加出发,追踪了国外土壤保持耕作领域的研究和发展动态;对中国该领域研究发展现状和研究水平,从时间、深度、方法、生产应用等方面与国外进行了比较分析。中国是一个水土流失和耕地退化严重的农业大国,而从全球统计数字来看,中国土壤保持耕作面积目前仅占全球保持耕作面积的0.2%,仅占全国耕地面积的0.1%,其现状与中国耕地资源和环境的继续退化以及对土壤保持耕作需求的增加极不相符。加强中国土壤保持耕作系统研究和土壤保持耕作“节能固碳”长期建设不仅对中国而且对全球变化及农业可持续发展具有重大意义。鉴于中国土壤保持耕作领域研究和发展所存在的不足和所面临的更大挑战,以及该领域研究涉及到复杂的农业系统“耕作管理-生物过程-环境变化”相互作用及其系统能流-碳流循环过程,尤其农业生态系统碳汇/源估量尚存在诸多不确定性因素等科学问题,有必要运用综合的系统性研究分析方法,借助国外长期试验和理论研究经验,以及系统模型模拟研究手段等多学科和交叉学科知识,加速提升中国土壤保持耕作领域的科研实力和水平,为实现碳汇/源科学调控管理、减缓农业对温室效应贡献、促进农业可持续发展提供科学依据。 | 王小彬 蔡典雄 华珞 Hoogmoed W B Oenema O Perdok U D | 2006 | 中国农业科学2006，39，4： | 35 |
| 2 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 3 | Pain sensation in pancreatic diseases is not uniform: The different facets of pancreatic pain显示文摘AIM: To systematically characterize specific pain patterns in the most frequent pancreatic diseases.METHODS: Pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis(n = 314), pancreatic cancer(n = 469), and other pancreatic tumors(n = 249) including mucinous(n = 20) and serous cystadenoma(n = 31), invasive(n = 37) and non-invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia(IPMN; n = 48), low stage(n = 18) and high stage neuroendocrine neoplasia(n = 44), and ampullary cancer(n = 51) was registered and correlated with clinicopathological data. Survival times were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Patients alive at the follow-up time were censored. Survival curves were compared statistically using the log-rank test.RESULTS: Forty-nine point one percent of pancreatic cancer patients revealed no pain, whereas in chronic pancreatitis only 18.3% were pain free. In contrary, moderate/severe pain was registered in 15.1% in pancreatic cancer patients that was increased in chronic pancreatitis with up to 34.2%. Serous cystadenoma was asymptomatic in most cases(58.1%), whereas 78.9% of all mucinous cystadenoma patients suffered pain. In neuroendocrine neoplasia pain was not a key clinical symptom since 64% of low stage neuroendocrine neoplasia and 59% of high stage neuroendocrine neoplasia patients were pain free. Cancer localization in the pancreatic body and patients with malignant pancreatic neoplasms were associated with more severe pain. Tumor grading and stage did not show any impact on pain. Only in pancreatic cancer, pain was directly associated with impaired survival.CONCLUSION: Pancreatic pain depicts different patterns of abdominal pain sensation according to the respective pancreatic disorder and does not allow a unification of the term pancreatic pain. | Jan G D'Haese Mark Hartel Ihsan Ekin Demir Ulf Hinz Frank Bergmann Markus W Büchler Helmut Friess Güralp O Ceyhan | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 8 |
| 4 | Highly efficient derivation of ventricular cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells with a distinct epigenetic signature显示文摘从 pluripotent 干细胞导出的 Cardiomyocytes 能在药测试,疾病建模和基于房间的治疗被使用。没有 procardiogenic 生长因素,然而,从 pluripotent 干细胞的 cardiomyogenesis 的效率通常是低的,产生 cardiomyocyte 人口是异构的。这里,我们证明导致的 pluripotent 干细胞( iPSCs )能从鼠科的室的 myocytes ( VM )被导出,并且与从各种各样的体的房间类型导出的 iPSCs 的另外的报告一致,自发地作为与遗传上匹配的胚胎的干细胞(转换字符)或 iPSCs 相比区分 cardiomyocytes 进跳动的显著地更高的倾向从尾巴尖端成纤维细胞导出的 导出VM 的 iPSCs ( ViPSCs )展览。惊人地,导出 ViPSC 的 cardiomyocytes 显示的多数室的显型。在 ViPSCs 的提高的室的 myogenesis 在区别的早阶段经由心血管的祖先的增加的数字被调停。以便从 ViPSCs 调查提高的室的 myogenesis 的机制,我们执行了全球基因表示和 DNA methylation 分析,它揭示了可以涉及在 pluripotent 干细胞指定 VM 命运的不同 epigenetic 签名。 | Huansheng Xu B Alexander Yi Hao Wu Christoph Bock Hongcang Gu Kathy O Lui Joo-Hye C Park Ying Shao Alyssa K Riley Ibrahim J Domian Erding Hu Robert Willette John Lepore Alexander Meissner Zhong Wang Kenneth R Chien | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，1： | 7 |
| 5 | Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation products:effect of pinealectomy or exogenous melatonin injections on biomarkers of tissue damage during acute pancreatitis显示文摘BACKGROUND:Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytripta-mine) is a free radical scavenger and a strong antioxidant,secreted by the pineal gland.In this study,we evaluated the effects of decreasing and increasing serum melatonin levels on malonyldialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in pancreatic tissue from rats with experimental acute pancreatitis.METHODS:Experimental acute pancreatitis was induced in three groups of Wistar albino rats (10 animals per group) by pancreatic ductal ligation.The first group had only acute pancreatitis and served as the control.Surgical pinealectomy was added to acute pancreatitis in the second group,removing the source of endogenous melatonin (low melatonin levels group).The third group was given 0.1 ml daily intraperitoneal injections of 20 mg/ml melatonin solution for one week (high melatonin levels group).The effects of melatonin levels were evaluated by comparison of the levels of MDA,SOD,and GS in pancreatic tissue.RESULT:We found that intraperitoneal melatonin injections decreased the levels of MDA and increased the levels of SOD and GSH in pancreatic tissue.CONCLUSION:Exogenous melatonin has a preventive effect on lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage in acute pancreatitis. | Cavit l Kahraman Dinler O■uz Hasdemir Oktay Büyüka■ik Güler Bu■dayci | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，1： | 7 |
| 6 | 薄荷油纳米乳液消化规律与稳定性研究显示文摘研究了薄荷油纳米乳液在体外模拟消化过程中乳液包埋对其平均粒径、ζ-电位、游离脂肪酸释放率以及薄荷醇生物可利用度的影响。激光扫描3D共聚焦显微镜观察薄荷油纳米乳液的显微结构,研究发现薄荷油完全被SPI包埋,纳米乳液液滴呈球状形态,表明大豆蛋白完整地吸附于纳米乳液的油-水界面处,呈现出核壳状结构。高压均质处理制备的薄荷油纳米乳液的游离脂肪酸释放率及薄荷醇生物可利用度远大于薄荷油的对照组。薄荷油纳米乳液在模拟胃消化阶段,乳液的平均粒径、ζ-电位均变大,乳液的微观结构表明消化体系出现液滴聚合现象;在模拟肠液消化后,薄荷油纳米乳液的界面蛋白被水解,油滴被消化,乳液的平均粒径减小、ζ-电位绝对值增加。通过多重光散射稳定性分析仪检测薄荷油纳米乳液的稳定性,薄荷油稳定性指数为2.8,且检测过程中并未出现乳液上浮和絮凝等现象。 | 王中江 张潇元 车佳玲 李杨 OLGA O B 江连洲 | 2018 | 农业机械学报2018，49，10： | 7 |
| 7 | Endoscopic balloon catheter dilatation via retrograde or static technique is safe and effective for cricopharyngeal dysfunction显示文摘AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of upper esophageal sphincter(UES) dilatation for cricopharyngeal(CP) dysfunction. To determine if:(1) indication for dilatation; or(2) technique of dilatation correlated with symptom improvement.METHODS All balloon dilatations performed at our institution from over a 3-year period were retrospectively analyzed for demographics, indication and dilatation site. All dilatations involving the UES underwent further review to determine efficacy, complications, and factors that predict success. Dilatation technique was separated into static(stationary balloon distention) and retrograde(brusque pull-back of a fully distended balloon across the UES).RESULTS Four hundred and eighty-eight dilatations were reviewed. Thirty-one patients were identified who underwent UES dilatation. Median age was 63 years(range 27-81)and 55% of patients were male. Indications included dysphagia(28 patients), globus sensation with evidence of UES dysfunction(2 patients) and obstruction to echocardiography probe with cricopharyngeal(CP)bar(1 patient). There was evidence of concurrent oropharyngeal dysfunction in 16 patients(52%) and a small Zenker's diverticula(≤ 2 cm) in 7 patients(23%). Dilator size ranged from 15 mm to 20 mm. Of the 31 patients, 11 had dilatation of other esophageal segments concurrently with UES dilatation and 20 had UES dilatation alone.Follow-up was available for 24 patients for a median of 2.5 mo(interquartile range 1-10 mo), of whom 19 reported symptomatic improvement(79%). For patients undergoing UES dilatation alone, follow-up was available for 15 patients, 12 of whom reported improvement(80%).Nineteen patients underwent retrograde dilatation(84%response) while 5 patients had static dilatation(60%response); however, there was no significant difference in symptom improvement between the techniques(P = 0.5).Successful symptom resolution was also not significantly affected by dilator size, oropharyngeal dysfunction,Zenker's diverticulum, age or gender(P > 0.05). The only complication noted was uvular edema and a shallow ulcer after static dilatation in one patient, which resolved spontaneously and did not require hospital admission.CONCLUSION UES dilatation with a through-the-scope balloon by either static or retrograde technique is safe and effective for the treatment of dysphagia due to CP dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating retrograde balloon dilatation of the UES. | Vinay Chandrasekhara Joyce Koh Lakshmi Lattimer Kerry B Dunbar William J Ravich John O Clarke | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，4： | 6 |
| 8 | 一种miRNA标记在胶质瘤侵袭性表型的确定与预后评估中的价值(英文)显示文摘Gliomas represent a disparate group of tumours for which there are to date no cure. Thus,there is a recognized need for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on increased understanding of their molecular nature. We performed the comparison of the microRNA( miRNA) profile of 8 WHO grade II gliomas and 24 higher grade tumours( 2 WHO grade III and 22 glioblastomas) by using the Affymetrix Gene Chip miRNA Array v. 1. 0. A relative quantification method( RT-q PCR) with standard curve was used to confirm the 22 miRNA signature resulted by array analysis. The prognostic performances of the confirmed miRNAs were estimated on the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas( TCGA) datasets. We identified 22 miRNAs distinguishing grade II gliomas from higher grade tumours.RT-q PCR confirmed the differential expression in the two patients' groups for 13 out of the 22 miRNAs. The analysis of the Glioblastoma Multiforme( GBM) and Lower Grade Glioma( LGG) datasets from TCGA demonstrated the association with prognosis for 6 of those miRNAs. Moreover,in the GBM dataset miR-21 and miR-210 were predictors of worse prognosis in both univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses( HR 1. 19,P = 0. 04,and HR 1. 18,P = 0. 029 respectively). Our results support a direct contribution of miRNAs to glioma cancerogenesis and suggest that miR-21 and miR-210 may play a role in the aggressive clinical behaviour of glioblastomas. | Barbano R Palumbo O Pasculli B Galasso M Volinia S D'Angelo V Icolaro N Coco M Dimitri L Graziano P Copetti M Valori VM Maiello E Carella M Fazio VM Parrella P | 2014 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2014，13，5： | 6 |
| 9 | 埃索美拉唑能有效控制内镜阴性胃食管反流症状——6个月“按需治疗”对照试验显示文摘 | Talley NJ Lauritsen K Tunturi-Hihnala H Lind T Moum B Bang C Schulz T Omland TM Delle M Junghard O 钟捷 | 2003 | 中华消化杂志2003，23，1： | 6 |
| 10 | pRB expression in esophageal mucosa of individuals at high risk for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus显示文摘AIM: To investigate the pRb expression in a large group of patients with history of chronic exposure to the main risk factors for development of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. METHODS: One hundred and seventy asymptomatic individuals at high risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (consumption of more than 80 g of ethanol and 10 cigarettes/d for at least 10 years) underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the esophageal mucosa. As a control group, specimens of esophageal mucosa obtained from 20 healthy subjects were also studied. Immunohistochemical assessment of the tissues was performed using a monoclonal antibody anti-pRB protein. RESULTS: Absence of the pRB staining, indicating loss of RB function, was observed in 33 (19.4%) of the individuals at risk for esophageal cancer, but in none of the healthy controls (P < 0.02). Loss of pRb expression increased in a stepwise fashion according to the severity of the histological findings (P < 0.005): normal mucosa (11/97 or 11.3%), chronic esophagitis (17/60 or 28.3%), low-grade dysplasia (3/10 or 30%), high-grade dysplasia 1/2 or 50%) and squamous cell carcinoma (1/1 or 100%). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that abnormal expression of the pRB protein may be implicated in the process of esophageal carcinogenesis. Additional studies are warranted to define the role of the pRBprotein as a biomarker for development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in individuals at high risk for this malignancy. | Simone S Contu Paulo C Contu Daniel C Damin Renato B Fagundes Fabiano Bevilacqua Aline S Rosa Joo C Prolla Luis F Moreira | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，11： | 5 |
| 11 | Contribution of functional KIR3DL1 to ankylosing spondylitis显示文摘Increasing evidence points to a role for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors(KIRs)in the development of autoimmune diseases.In particular,a positive association of KIR3DS1(activating receptor)and a negative association of KIR3DL1(inhibitory receptor)alleles with ankylosing spondylitis(AS)have been reported by several groups.However,none of the studies analyzed these associations in the context of functionality of polymorphic KIR3DL1.To better understand how the KIR3DL1/3DS1 genes determine susceptibility to AS,we analyzed the frequencies of alleles and genotypes encoding functional(KIR3DL1*F)and non-functional(KIR3DL1*004)receptors.We genotyped 83 AS patients and 107 human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-B27-positive healthy controls from the Russian Caucasian population using a two-stage sequence-specific primer PCR,which distinguishes KIR3DS1,KIR3DL1*F and KIR3DL1*004 alleles.For the patients carrying two functional KIR3DL1 alleles,those alleles were additionally genotyped to identify KIR3DL1*005 and KIR3DL1*007 alleles,which are functional but are expressed at low levels.KIR3DL1 was negatively associated with AS at the expense of KIR3DL1*F but not of KIR3DL1*004.This finding indicates that the inhibitory KIR3DL1 receptor protects against the development of AS and is not simply a passive counterpart of the segregating KIR3DS1 allele encoding the activating receptor.However,analysis of genotype frequencies indicates that the presence of KIR3DS1 is a more important factor for AS susceptibility than the absence of KIR3DL1*F.The activation of either natural killer(NK)or T cells via the KIR3DS1 receptor can be one of the critical events in AS development,while the presence of the functional KIR3DL1 receptor has a protective effect.Nevertheless,even individuals with a genotype that carried two inhibitory KIR3DL1 alleles expressed at high levels could develop AS. | Ivan V Zvyagin Ilgar Z Mamedov Olga V Britanova Dmitriy B Staroverov Evgeni L Nasonov Anna G Bochkova Anna V Chkalina Alexei A Kotlobay Dmitriy O Korostin Denis V Rebrikov Sergey Lukyanov Yuri B Lebedev Dmitriy M Chudakov | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，6： | 5 |
| 12 | 成品革中重金属含量的研究显示文摘对多种皮革制品中重金属的含量进行了研究。涉及的重金属均具有较强的毒性,成为很多皮革制品中的禁用品,如钴、铬、铜、锌、铅和镍。对与人体接触较多的内底革、鞋面革和服装革中的重金属含量进行了研究。结果表明:成品革中的重金属含量与加工过程中所使用的化工材料有直接关系,革样中的铬含量较高,此外,还含有少量的镉、锌、铅、钴和铜,这主要是由革在染色和涂饰过程中发生的一系列物理和化学反应造成的。最后,把革样中检测出来的重金属含量与皮革和纺织品中的规定含量进行了比较。 | B BASARAN M ISCAN B O BITLISLI A ASLAN 周富春 郭灏 刘鹏杰 | 2007 | 中国皮革2007，36，19： | 5 |
| 13 | 提高母猪妊娠后期和哺乳期日粮能量浓度对其生产性能、仔猪活力和后代终生生长的影响(下)显示文摘人们对高产母猪的选育,导致每窝活产仔数显著增加,但是随之而来的仔猪活力和生长性能会因此降低。为了增强仔猪活力和提高生长性能,提高母猪哺乳期能量摄入越来越重要。研究旨在探索提高哺乳期母猪日粮能量(DE)浓度对母猪体重、背膘厚、乳成分及其后代仔猪活力和生长的影响。在妊娠108 d时将妊娠母猪(N=100;大白×长白)随机分配饲喂4种能量浓度日粮(消化能,DE,MJ/kg)直到再次配种:13.8(LL)、14.5(L)、15.2(H)、15.9(HH)。所有日粮均含有1.2%总赖氨酸。妊娠108 d和断奶(哺乳期第26天)时采集血样,哺乳期采集初乳(0 d)和常乳(14 d)。每天记录母猪哺乳期采食量。仔猪出生时记录每窝(总活)产仔数、仔猪初生重、宫内生长受限(IUGR)特征和肌张力。在出生时和出生后24 h记录仔猪鼓膜耳温(TEMP)。在后代猪第1、6、14、26、33、40、54、75和141日龄时称重。后代猪于断奶后(PW)饲喂标准谷物基础日粮。后代猪屠宰时(141日龄)记录胴体数据。HH母猪的哺乳期消化能摄入高于其他处理组(P<0.01)。初乳和常乳成分以及哺乳期采食量不受日粮处理影响。各处理组间的每窝产仔猪数和仔猪初生重相近。与其他处理组相比,LL母猪的后代表现出更多的IUGR特征(P<0.01),而HH母猪的后代表现出更好的肌张力(P<0.01)。与HH母猪的后代仔猪相比,LL母猪(P<0.01)和H母猪(P<0.01)的后代具有更高的24 h TEMP。H母猪断奶仔猪数高于L母猪(P<0.05)和HH母猪(P<0.01),而L母猪断奶仔猪窝重低于H母猪(P<0.05)和LL母猪(P<0.05)。断奶后仔猪生长不受日粮各处理影响。高DE日粮提高母猪能量摄入水平,但并不抑制食欲。饲喂HH日粮提高了仔猪出生时肌张力,而饲喂H日粮提高每窝断奶仔猪数。此次研究观察到仔猪活力的其他特征和断奶前窝生长性能结果互相矛盾。 | 何颖(编译) Rooney H B O’driscoll Keelin O’doherty John V | 2020 | 猪业科学2020，37，9： | 5 |
| 14 | 射血分数保留的心力衰竭患者服用螺内酯治疗难治性高血压的效果显示文摘最近的研究表明,醛固酮受体拮抗剂螺内酯应作为治疗难治性高血压(resistant hypertension,RHTN)优选的第四线抗高血压药物。目前螺内酯是否能改善射血分数保留的心力衰竭(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction,HFpEF)和RHTN患者的血压控制情况尚不清楚。 | Rossignol P Claggett BL Liu J Vardeny O Pitt B Zannad F Solomon S 陈云(编译) 叶鹏(审校) | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，0，3： | 5 |
| 15 | 金刚石中的冰-Ⅶ相包裹体:来自地球深部地幔的含水流体证据显示文摘水在地球内部不同圈层的存在形态、分布、含量以及全球水循环一直以来都是固体地球科学研究的前沿热点问题之一。冰-Ⅶ相作为水的一种高压相,目前已经被国际矿物学会认定为一种新矿物。 | Tschauner O Huang S Greenberg E Prakapenka V B Rossman G R Shen A H Zhang D Newville M Lanzirotti A Tait K 张宝华 | 2018 | 矿物岩石地球化学通报2018，37，6： | 4 |
| 16 | 持续气道正压通气在预防阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者心血管事件中的作用显示文摘阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(obstructive sleep apnea,OSA)导致阵发性低氧血症,夜间交感神经系统激活,血压、氧化应激和炎症指标的升高以及高凝血症。较大的胸内负压波动也会给心脏和大血管施加机械应力。基于人群和睡眠诊所的队列研究显示,OSA与心脑血管事件,特别是脑卒中相关。 | McEvoy RD Antic NA Heeley E Luo Y Ou Q Zhang X Mediano O Chen R Drager LF Liu Z Chen G Du B McArdle N Mukherjee S Tripathi M Billot L Li Q Lorenzi-Filho G Barbe F Redline S Wang J Arima H Neal B White DP Grunstein RR Zhong N Anderson CS 练桂丽 叶鹏 | 2016 | 中华高血压杂志2016，24，11： | 4 |
| 17 | Chronic pancreatitis:A diagnostic dilemma显示文摘Typical clinical symptoms of chronic pancreatitis are vague and non-specific and therefore diagnostic tests are required, none of which provide absolute diagnostic certainly, especially in the early stages of disease. Recently-published guidelines bring much needed structure to the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected chronic pancreatitis. In addition, novel diagnostic modalities bring promise for the future. The assessment and diagnosis of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency remains challenging and this review contests the accepted perspective that steatorrhea only occurs with > 90% destruction of the gland. | Sinead N Duggan Hazel M NíChonchubhair Oladapo Lawal Donal B O’Connor Kevin C Conlon | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，7： | 4 |
| 18 | Perspectives on new biomarkers in gastric cancer: Diagnostic and prognostic applications显示文摘Gastric cancer is considered one of the most deadly tumors worldwide. Even with the decline in its incidence, the mortality rate of this disease has remained high, mainly due to its late diagnosis and to the lack of precise prognostic markers. The main purpose of this review is to present genetic, epigenetic and proteomic molecular markers that may be used in a diagnostic and prognostic manner and to discuss the pros and cons of each type of marker for improving clinical practice. In this sense, we observed that the use of genetic markers, especially mutations and polymorphisms, should be carefully considered, as they are strongly affected by ethnicity. Proteomic-based markers show promise, but the higher costs of the associated techniques con-tinue to make this approach expensive for routine use. Alternatively, epigenetic markers appear to be very promising, as they can be detected in bodily fluids as well as tissues. However, such markers must be used carefully because epigenetic changes may occur due to environmental factors and aging. Despite the advances in technology and its access, to date, there are few defined biomarkers of prognostic and diagnostic use for gastric tumors. Therefore, the use of a panel of several approaches(genetic, epigenetic and proteomic) should be considered the best alternative for clinical practice. | Danilo do Rosário Pinheiro Wallax Augusto Silva Ferreira Mariceli Baia Leo Barros Mariana Diniz Araújo Symara Rodrigues-Antunes Bárbara do Nascimento Borges | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 4 |
| 19 | 关节镜治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床研究显示文摘目的观察关节镜治疗中老年轻中度膝关节骨性关节炎的临床疗效。方法选取2016年1月—2017年9月期间我院收治的32例中老年人膝关节骨性关节炎患者,给予关节镜探查+滑膜清理+周围去神经化+软骨修整+半月板成形术等治疗,术后根据病情积极行关节腔注射玻璃酸钠等。随访3个月~2年,观察治疗效果。结果术后患者疼痛明显减轻或消失,关节功能及活动范围明显好转,未发生关节功能障碍。结论关节镜手术因其微创性、可视性、准确性及并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。 | 王孔民 张玉龙 吴江水 MOSELEY J B O’MALLEYK PETERSEN N J | 2018 | 基层医学论坛2018，22，26： | 3 |
| 20 | Thiopurine-methyltransferase variants in inflammatory bowel disease:Prevalence and toxicity in Brazilian patients显示文摘AIM:To analyze the prevalence of thiopurine-methyltransferase(TPMT)genotypes and their associationwith drug toxicity in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)patients from southeastern Brazil.METHODS:A total of 219 consecutive patients with IBD,of which 146 had Crohn’s disease and 73 had ulcerative colitis,regularly seen at the outpatient unit of the Division of Gastroenterology at the University Hospital Pedro Ernesto of the State University of Rio de Janeiro,a tertiary referral center,were enrolled in this study from February 2009 to January 2011.We analyzed the presence of major TPMT genetic variants(TPMT*2,*3A,*3C)in IBD patients by means of a specific allele and RFLP-PCR.Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes by proteinase-K/Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate digestion and phenol-chloroform extraction.TPMT*2(C238G),TPMT*3A(G460A/A719G),and TPMT*3C(A719G)genotypes were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing with specific primers.Clinical data were systematically recorded,and correlated with the genotype results.RESULTS:The distribution of the selected TPMT gene polymorphism TPMT*2(C238G),TPMT*3A(G460A/A719G),and TPMT*3C(A719G)genotypes was 3.6%,5.4%,and 7.7%of the patients,respectively.Among the side effects recorded from patients taking azathioprine,14 patients presented with pancreatitis and/or an elevation of pancreatic enzymes,while 6 patients had liver toxicity,and 2 patients exhibited myelosuppression/neutropenia.TPMT polymorphisms were detected in 37/219 patients(8 heterozygous for*2,11 heterozygous for*3A,and 18 heterozygous for*3C).No homozygotic polymorphisms were found.Despite the prevalence of the TPMT*3C genotype,no differences among the genotype frequencies were significant.Although no association was detected regarding myelotoxicity or hepatotoxicity,a trend towards the elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed for TPMT*2 and TPMT*3C genotypes.CONCLUSION:The prevalence of TPMT genotypes was high among Brazilian patients.Variants genes*2and*3C may be associated with azathioprine pancreatic toxicity in a IBD southeastern Brazilian population. | Ana Teresa P Carvalho Barbara C Esberard Renata S B Fróes Davy C M Rapozo Ana B Grinman Tatiana A Simo Juliana C V C Santos Antonio José V Carneiro Luis Felipe Ribeiro-Pinto Heitor S P de Souza | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，12： | 3 |
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