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| 1 | Study on Numerical Simulation of Mold Filling and Heat Transfer in Die Casting Process显示文摘A 3-D mathematical model considering turbulence phenomena has been established based-on a computational fluid dynamics technique, so called 3-D SOLA-VOF (Solution Algorithm-Volume of Fluid), to simulate the fluid flow of mold filling process of die casting. In addition, the math- ematical model for simulating the heat transfer in die casting process has also been established. The computation program has been developed by the authors with the finite difference method (FDM) recently. As verification. the mold filling process of a S-shaped die casting has been simulated and the simulation results coincide with that of the benchmark test. Finally, as a practical application, the gating design of a motorcycle component was modified by the mold filling simulation and the dies design of another motorcycle component was optimized by the heat transfer simulation. All the optimized designs were verified by the production practice. | Liangrong JIA, Shoumei XIONG and Baicheng LIU (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) | 2000 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2000，16，3： | 17 |
| 2 | STUDY ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF MOLD-FILLING AND SOLIDIFICATION PROCESSES OF SHAPED CASTING显示文摘0INTRODUCTIONInrecentyears,considerabledevelopmentshavetakenplaceinthefieldofCADandsolidificationmodelingofcastingprocess[1~... | Shoumei, Xiong Baicheng, Liu | 1999 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering1999，12，1： | 16 |
| 3 | A Modified Cellular Automaton Model for the Quantitative Prediction of Equiaxed and Columnar Dendritic Growth显示文摘Since the characteristic of dendrite is an important factor determining the performance of castings, a twodimensional cellular automaton model with decentered square algorithm is developed for quantitatively predicting the dendritic growth during solidification process. The growth kinetics of solid/liquid interface are determined by the local equilibrium composition and local actual liquid composition, and the calculation of the solid fraction increment is based on these two compositions to avoid the solution of growth velocity. In order to validate the developed model, quantitative simulations of steady-state dendritic features over a range of undercooling was performed and the results exhibited good agreement with the predictions of LGK(Liptone Glicksman-Kurz) model. Meanwhile, it is demonstrated that the proposed model can be applied to simulate multiple equiaxed dendritic growth, as well as columnar dendritic growth with or without equiaxed grain formation in directional solidification of AleC u alloys. It has been shown that the model is able to simulate the growth process of multi-dendrites with various preferential orientations and can reproduce a wide range of complex dendritic growth phenomena such as nucleation, coarsening of dendrite arms, side branching in dendritic morphologies, competitive growth as well as the interaction among surrounding dendrites. | Rui Chen Qingyan Xu Baicheng Liu | 2014 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2014，30，12： | 10 |
| 4 | Study on Dendritic Growth in Pressurized Solidification of Mg–Al Alloy Using Phase Field Simulation显示文摘A multi-grain phase field model coupled with thermodynamic calculation was adopted to describe the dendritic growth in pressurized solidification of Mg–Al alloy during squeeze casting,in which the effects of the pressure on the Gibbs free energy and chemical potential of solid and liquid phases,the solute diffusion coefficient,and the solute partition coefficient were considered. The individual effect of solute diffusion coefficient,and the Gibbs free energy on the dendritic growth was studied. With the comparison of the dendritic growth under atmospheric and elevated pressures,the effect of pressure on the microstructure evolution was discussed. The results showed that the grains are refined,the dendritic growth rate tends to increase and the secondary dendrite arms are more developed as the pressure is increased from 0.1 to 100 MPa,which showed a good agreement with the experimental results of direct squeeze casting of Mg–Al alloy. As the pressure increases,the largest dendritic growth rate can be obtained under the pressure between 200 and 250 MPa,while the growth rate decreases with a further increase of pressure. | Haowei Pan Zhiqiang Han Baicheng Liu | 2016 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2016，32，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Numerical Simulation of Solidification Process on Single Crystal Ni-Based Superalloy Investment Castings显示文摘布里奇曼投资铸造物的方向性的团结是为可靠、高度有效的煤气的汽轮机 blades.In 的生产的 keytechnology 这份报纸, amathematical 模型为三维( 3D )单个 crystalinvestment 铸造物的团结过程的模拟基于多重片铸造物和炉子墙在 superalloy investme 在 model.Temperaturedistribution 和温度坡度被考虑的基本的热转移 equations.Complex 热 radiationamong | Jing YU Qingyan XU Kai CUI Baicheng LIU Akihiko KIMATSUKA | 2007 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2007，23，1： | 9 |
| 6 | Multi-scale simulation of single crystal hollow turbine blade manufactured by liquid metal cooling process显示文摘Liquid metal cooling(LMC) process as a powerful directional solidification(DS) technique is prospectively used to manufacture single crystal(SC) turbine blades. An understanding of the temperature distribution and microstructure evolution in LMC process is required in order to improve the properties of the blades. For this reason, a multi-scale model coupling with the temperature field, grain growth and solute diffusion was established. The temperature distribution and mushy zone evolution of the hollow blade was simulated and discussed.According to the simulation results, the mushy zone might be convex and ahead of the ceramic beads at a lower withdrawal rate, while it will be concave and laggard at a higher withdrawal rate, and a uniform and horizontal mushy zone will be formed at a medium withdrawal rate. Grain growth of the blade at different withdrawal rates was also investigated. Single crystal structures were all selected out at three different withdrawal rates.Moreover, mis-orientation of the grains at 8 mm/min reached ~30°, while it was ~5° and ~15° at 10 mm/min and 12 mm/min, respectively. The model for predicting dendritic morphology was verified by corresponding experiment. Large scale for 2D dendritic distribution in the whole sections was investigated by experiment and simulation, and they presented a well agreement with each other. | Xuewei Yan Hang Zhang Ning Tang Changbo Sun Qingyan Xu Baicheng Liu | 2018 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2018，28，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Review of production status of heavysteel castings and key technologies for their manufacture in China显示文摘This paper expatiates on domestic status of heavy steel casting production, with a special focus on hydraulicturbine castings for Three Gorges Project. In China, there is magnificent demand for heavy castings with the rapidgrowth of the national economy in recent years and the expected high growth in the coming 10 to 20 years. Someheavy and large castings such as mill housing and hydraulic turbine runner crown, blade and band for Three GorgesProject have been successfully made. However, the domestic production capability is still far from meeting the giganticrequirements. The domestic capability still lags behind the world class level, and a lot of heavy castings still dependon import. The paper also gives a particular introduction of the key technologies in the manufacturing of heavy steelcastings like metal melting, foundry technology, heat treatment technology and numerical simulation technique, etc.In addition, several case studies on the application of numerical simulation in the production of heavy steel castingsare presented. | Kang Jinwu Huang Tianyou Liu Baicheng | 2008 | China Foundry2008，5，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Numerical simulation of microstructure evolution during directional solidification process in directional solidified (DS) turbine blades显示文摘Directional solidified(DS) turbine blades are widely used in advanced gas turbine engine. The size and orientation of columnar grains have great influence on the high temperature property and performance of the turbine blade. Numerical simulation of the directional solidification process is an effective way to investigate the grain's growth and morphology,and hence to optimize the process. In this paper,a mathematical model was presented to study the directional solidified microstructures at different withdrawal rates. Ray-tracing method was applied to calculate the temperature variation of the blade. By using a Modified Cellular Automation(MCA) method and a simple linear interpolation method,the mushy zone and the microstructure evolution were studied in detail. Experimental validations were carried out at different withdrawal rates. The calculated cooling curves and microstructure agreed well with those experimental. It is indicated that the withdrawal rate affects the temperature distribution and growth rate of the grain directly,which determines the final size and morphology of the columnar grain. A moderate withdrawal rate can lead to high quality DS turbine blades for industrial application. | ZHANG Hang XU QingYan TANG Ning PAN Dong LIU BaiCheng | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，12： | 7 |
| 9 | Progress on modeling and simulation of directional solidification of superalloy turbine blade casting显示文摘Directional solidified turbine blades of Ni-based superalloy are widely used as key parts of the gas turbine engines.The mechanical properties of the blade are greatly influenced by the final microstructure and the grain orientation determined directly by the grain selector geometry of the casting.In this paper,mathematical models were proposed for three dimensional simulation of the grain growth and microstructure evolution in directional solidification of turbine blade casting.Ray-tracing method was applied to calculate the temperature variation of the blade.Based on the thermo model of heat transfer,the competitive grain growth within the starter block and the spiral of the grain selector,the grain growth in the blade and the microstructure evolution were simulated via a modified Cellular Automaton method.Validation experiments were carried out,and the measured results were compared quantitatively with the predicted results.The simulated cooling curves and microstructures corresponded well with the experimental results.The proposed models could be used to predict the grain morphology and the competitive grain evolution during directional solidification. | Xu Qingyan Liu Baicheng Pan Dong Yu Jing | 2012 | China Foundry2012，9，1： | 6 |
| 10 | Three-dimensional microstructure simulation of Ni-based superalloy investment castings显示文摘An integrated macro and micro multi-scale model for the three-dimensional microstructure simulation of Ni-based superalloy investment castings was developed, and applied to industrial castings to investigate grain evolution during solidification. A ray tracing method was used to deal with the complex heat radiation transfer. The microstructure evolution was simulated based on the Modified Cellular Automaton method, which was coupled with three-dimensional nested macro and micro grids. Experiments for Ni-based superalloy turbine wheel investment casting were carried out, which showed a good correspondence with the simulated results. It is indicated that the proposed model is able to predict the microstructure of the casting precisely, which provides a tool for the optimizing process. | PAN Dong XU QingYan LIU BaiCheng | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，5： | 6 |
| 11 | Electrically controllable laser frequency combs in graphene-fibre microresonators显示文摘Laser frequency combs emitting ultrafast pulses of light,at equidistantly discrete frequencies,are cornerstones of modern information networks.In recent years,the generation of soliton combs in microcavities with ultrahighquality factors has established microcombs as out-oflaboratory tools.However,the material and geometry of a laser cavity,which determine comb formation,are difficult to electrically tune.Such dynamic control can further enrich the diversity of comb outputs and help to actively stabilize them. | Chenye Qin Kunpeng Jia Qianyuan Li Teng Tan Xiaohan Wang Yanhong Guo Shu-Wei Huang Yuan Liu Shining Zhu Zhenda Xie Yunjiang Rao Baicheng Yao | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Study and Application of Mold Filling Simulation of Shaped Castings显示文摘In this paper, an algorithm for simulating fluid flow and heat transfer for mold filling of shaped castings is presented. The main features of the algorithm include: 1) a simple but practical technique based on VOF method to determine free surface, 2) an explicit scheme of enthalpy to solve the energy equation more efficiently, and 3) an effective treatment to modify the flux deviation due to pressure iteration. In order to verify these methods, well controlled experiments have been repeatedly done with both water analog and gray iron pouring experiments to record the flow patterns and temperature variations. The calculated results are in accordance with the experimental ones. For the applications, the simulated initial temperature distribution right after mold filling was used to analyse subsequent solidification and to predict shrinkage defects.Actual castings were poured and tested in a foundry plant. The reuslts show that the defects predication with considering fluid flow effects is more precise than that without considering the effects. | Baicheng LIU Wei QIU Houfa SHEN Zhiqiang GAO (Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084, China) | 1997 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology1997，13，2： | 5 |
| 13 | Numerical Simulation of Shrinkage Cavity Formation in Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings Based on Micro Modeling显示文摘A micro-modeling method (MM) for the quantitative prediction of the shrinkage cavity formation in SGiron castings is proposed. The mathematical models describing the volume changes during the solidification ofspheroidal graphite cast iron are established based on the models of solidification kinetics. The shrinkage cavityformation of T-shaped SG iron castings is calculated with MM method. The calculated results are compared with theexperimental results. It is shown that the predicted size, shape and distribution of shrinkage cavity by MM methodare in good agreement with the measured results. | Wenzhen Li Baicheng Liu Shantong Jin (Metallurgy Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China)(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China) | 1998 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials1998，12，1： | 5 |
| 14 | Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Directionally Solidified Turbine Blade Casting显示文摘汽轮机片样品铸造物的方向性的团结过程在工作被调查。可变退却率用一致 rate.A 在一个退却过程并且与其它相比被使用为热放射转移和方向性的团结过程的微观结构模拟的数学模型基于 CA-FD 被开发方法。温度分发和微观结构被模仿并且与试验性的结果相比。迷路的谷物被预言并且与试验性的结果相比。站台的不平的温度分发是迷路的谷物的形成的主要原因。 | Jing YU Qingyan XU Baicheng LIU Jiarong LI Hailong YUAN Haipeng JIN | 2008 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2008，24，3： | 4 |
| 15 | Multi-scale modeling of liquid-metal cooling directional solidification and solidification behavior of nickel-based superalloy casting显示文摘Liquid-metal cooling(LMC)process can offer refinement of microstructure and reduce defects due to the increased cooling rate from enhanced heat extraction,and thus an understanding of solidification behavior in nickel-based superalloy casting during LMC process is essential for improving mechanical performance of single crystal(SC)castings.In this effort,an integrated heat transfer model coupling meso grain structure and micro dendrite is developed to predict the temperature distribution and microstructure evolution in LMC process.An interpolation algorithm is used to deal with the macro-micro grids coupling issues.The algorithm of cells capture is also modified,and a deterministic cellular automaton(DCA)model is proposed to describe neighborhood cell tracking.In addition,solute distribution is also considered to describe the dendrite growth.Temperature measuring,EBSD,OM and SEM experiments are implemented to verify the proposed model,and the experiment results agree well with the simulation results.Several simulations are performed with a range of withdrawal rates,and the results indicate that 12 mm·min^(-1)is suitable for LMC process in this work,which can result in a fairly narrow and flat mushy zone and correspondingly exhibited fairly straight grains.The mushy zone length is about 4.8 mm in the steady state and the average deviation angle of grains is about 13.9°at the height 90 mm from the casting base under 12 mm·min^(-1)withdrawal process.The competitive phenomenon of dendrites at different withdrawal rates is also observed,which has a great relevant to the temperature fluctuation. | Xuewei Yan Qjngyan Xu Guoqiang Tian Quanwei Liu Junxing Hou Baicheng Liu | 2021 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2021，，8： | 4 |
| 16 | Numerical simulation on multiple pouring process for a 292 t steel ingot显示文摘A ladle-tundish-mould transportation model considering the entire multiple pouring(MP) process is proposed. Numerical simulation is carried out to study the carbon distribution and variation in both the tundish and the mould for making a 292 t steel ingot. Firstly, the fluid flow as well as the heat and mass transfer of the molten steel in the tundish is simulated based on the multiphase transient turbulence model. Then, the carbon mixing in the mould is calculated by using the species concentration at the tundish outlet as the inlet condition during the teeming process. The results show a high concentration of carbon at the bottom and a low concentration of carbon at the top of the mould after a MP process with carbon content high in the first ladle and low in the last ladle. Such carbon concentration distribution would help reduce the negative segregation at the bottom and the positive segregation at the top of the solidified ingot. | Tu Wutao Zhang Xiong Shen Houfa Liu Baicheng | 2014 | China Foundry2014，11，1： | 4 |
| 17 | Emerging material platforms for integrated microcavity photonics显示文摘Many breakthroughs in technologies are closely associated with the deep understanding and development of new material platforms.As the main material used in microelectronics,Si also plays a leading role in the development of integrated photonics.The indirect bandgap,absence ofχ(2)nonlinearity and the parasitic nonlinear absorptions at the telecom band of Si imposed technological bottlenecks for further improving the performances and expanding the functionalities of Si microcavities in which the circulating light intensity is dramatically amplified.The past two decades have witnessed the burgeoning of the novel material platforms that are compatible with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor(COMS)process.In particular,the unprecedented optical properties of the emerging materials in the thin film form have resulted in revolutionary progress in microcavity photonics.In this review article,we summarize the recently developed material platforms for integrated photonics with the focus on chip-scale microcavity devices.The material characteristics,fabrication processes and device applications have been thoroughly discussed for the most widely used new material platforms.We also discuss open challenges and opportunities in microcavity photonics,such as heterogeneous integrated devices,and provide an outlook for the future development of integrated microcavities. | Jin Liu Fang Bo Lin Chang Chun-Hua Dong Xin Ou Blake Regan Xiaoqin Shen Qinghai Song Baicheng Yao Wenfu Zhang Chang-Ling Zou Yun-Feng Xiao | 2022 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2022，65，10： | 3 |
| 18 | Study on the effect of pressure on the equilibrium and stability of the solid-liquid interface in solidification of binary alloys显示文摘The equilibrium of the solid-liquid interface in pressurized solidification process of binary alloys was studied using the Gibbs theory,and the stability of the solid-liquid interface was discussed based on the consideration of the effects of pressure on the diffusion coefficient,the interface growth rate and the equilibrium liquid composition.A mathematical description of the equilibrium status,the relationship of temperature,pressure,composition and interfacial tension was obtained,and further,a mathematical representation of the curvature radius of solid-liquid interface was developed,which facilitates a thorough understanding of the controlled variables of the interfacial stability. | HUANG XiaoRan HAN ZhiQiang LIU BaiCheng | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，2： | 3 |
| 19 | Analysis of solute redistribution and centerline segregation in continuously cast thin slab显示文摘1 .Introduction Macro-segregation is induced by the solute redistributionnear the solidification interface and it is affected by thefluid flow in the mushy zone. Centerline segregation oftenformed in continuous casting strands along the castingdirection, so the property uniformity of products isseverely destroyed. | Changwen MA, ~*Houfa SHEN, Tianyou HUANG, Baicheng LIU (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing iooo84, P. R. China) | 2004 | China Foundry2004，1，2： | 2 |
| 20 | Multiscale modelling and simulation of single crystal superalloy turbine blade casting during directional solidification process显示文摘As the key parts of an aero-engine,single crystal(SX)superalloy turbine blades have been the focus of much attention.However,casting defects often occur during the manufacturing process of the SX turbine blades.Modeling and simulation technology can help to optimize the manufacturing process of SX blades.Multiscale coupled models were proposed and used to simulate the physical phenomena occurring during the directional solidification(DS)process.Coupled with heat transfer(macroscale)and grain growth(meso-scale),3D dendritic grain growth was calculated to show the competitive grain growth at micro-scale.SX grain selection behavior was studied by the simulation and experiments.The results show that the geometrical structure and technical parameters had strong influences on the grain selection effectiveness.Based on the coupled models,heat transfer,grain growth and microstructure evolution of a complex hollow SX blade were simulated.Both the simulated and experimental results show that the stray grain occurred at the platform of the SX blade when a constant withdrawal rate was used in manufacturing process.In order to avoid the formation of the stray crystal,the multi-scale coupled models and the withdrawal rate optimized technique were applied to the same SX turbine blade.The modeling results indicated that the optimized variable withdrawal rate can achieve SX blade castings with no stray grains,which was also proved by the experiments. | Xu Qingyan Zhang Hang Liu Baicheng | 2014 | China Foundry2014，11，4： | 2 |
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