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| 1 | Effect of supplementation of allicin on methanogenesis and ruminal microbial flora in Dorper crossbred ewes显示文摘Background: Garlic extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing methanogenesis. Related mechanisms are not well illustrated, however, and most studies have been conducted in vitro. This study investigates the effects of supplementary allicin(AL) in sheep diet on in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation, and shifts of microbial flora.Methods: Two experiments were conducted using Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. In experiment 1,eighteen ewes(60.0 ± 1.73 kg BW) were randomly assigned for 29 days to either of two dietary treatments: a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g AL/head?day to investigate supplementary AL on nutrient digestibility and methane emissions. In experiment 2, six ewes(65.2 ± 2.0 kg BW) with ruminal canulas were assigned to the same two dietary treatments as in experiment 1 for 42 days to investigate supplementary AL on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora. The methane emissions were determined using an open-circuit respirometry system and microbial assessment was done by q PCR of 16 S r RNA genes.Results: Supplementary AL increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter(P < 0.001), nitrogen(P = 0.006),neutral detergent fiber(P < 0.001), and acid detergent fiber(P = 0.002). Fecal nitrogen output was reduced(P = 0.001)but urinary nitrogen output was unaffected(P = 0.691), while nitrogen retention(P = 0.077) and nitrogen retention/nitrogen intake(P = 0.077) tended to increase. Supplementary AL decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight by 5.95 %(P = 0.007) and to digestible organic matter intake by 8.36 %(P = 0.009). Ruminal p H was unaffected(P = 0.601) while ammonia decreased(P = 0.024) and total volatile fatty acids increased(P = 0.024) in response to supplementary AL. Supplementary AL decreased the population of methanogens(P = 0.001) and tended to decrease that of protozoans(P = 0.097), but increased the populations of F. succinogenes(P < 0.001), R. flavefaciens(P = 0.001), and B. fibrisolvens(P = 0.001).Conclusions: Supplementation of AL at 2.0 g/head?day effectively enhanced OM, N, NDF, and ADF digestibility and reduced daily methane emissions(L/kg BW0.75) in ewes, probably by decreasing the population of ruminal protozoans and methanogens. | Tao Ma Dandan Chen Yan Tu Naifeng Zhang Bingwen Si Kaidong Deng Qiyu Diao | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，2： | 9 |
| 2 | The combined influence of background climate and urbanization on the regional warming in Southeast China显示文摘把为精力( NCEP/DOE )的环境预言/部门的一致陆地表面空气温度和国家中心基于中国大气的模型 Intercomparison 工程( AMIP ) -II 分析数据( R-2 ),到东南中国的表面空气温度增加的主要贡献者被比较城市、农村的温度系列的趋势调查,以及观察,盖住 19542005 和 19792005 的二个时期并且 R-2 数据。从城市农村的比较的结果显示那个城市的热岛(UHI ) 完成在上地区性年度并且自从 1954,秋天最小温度增加占 10.5% 和 12.0% ,但是与 6.2% 和 10.6% 的更小的温暖的归属自从 1979。由把观察与 R-2 表面温度数据作比较的结果建议陆地使用为 32.9% 和 28.8% 改变报道在地区性年度并且自从 1979,秋天最小温度增加。因此,在东南中国的地区性的温度增加以后的陆地使用变化的影响在最后 30 年期间是更显著的。然而,它显示那 UHI 效果,由背景气候的温暖的变化压到,不在在最后 50 年期间的在东南中国上的地区性的温暖起一个重要作用。 | SI Peng REN Yu LIANG Dongpo LIN Bingwen | 2012 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2012，22，2： | 7 |
| 3 | Effects of protein sources for milk replacers on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of suckling calves显示文摘This study investigated the effects of protein sources for milk replacers on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of suckling calves. Fifty Chinese Holstein bull calves with similar BW and age were randomly allocated to 5 groups(1 control and 4 treatments) of 10 calves in each group. Five types of milk replacers were designed to have the same level of energy and protein. The protein source for milk replacers of the control group was full milk protein(MP). The protein source of milk replacers of the 4 treatment groups was composed of MP and one vegetable protein(VP)(30 and 70% of total protein). The4 types of VP were soybean protein concentrate(SP), hydrolyzed wheat protein(WP), peanut protein concentrate(PP), and rice protein isolate(RP). Results of the experiment showed: 1) there was no significant difference on average daily gain(ADG) and feed:gain ratio(F:G) among the MP, SP and RP groups(P > 0.05), whereas the ADG and F:G of the WP and PP groups were significantly lower compared with the MP group(P < 0.05); 2) there was not a significant difference in withers height, body length and heart girth among treatment groups compared with the MP group(P > 0.05). Thereby the 4 VP milk replacers had no adverse effects on body size of calves; 3) all groups showed no significant difference in the serum contents of urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, globulin, β-hydroxybutyrate, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, and the ratio of albumin to globulin(A:G)(P> 0.05). In conclusion, SP or RP(accounts for 70% of the total protein) as calf milk replacers could substitute MP, whereas wheat gluten and PP had a significant adverse effect on growth performance in this experiment. | Kaiwu Huang Yan Tu Bingwen Si Guishan Xu Jiangpeng Guo Feng Guo Chuntao Yang Qiyu Diao | 2015 | Animal Nutrition2015，，4： | 5 |
| 4 | Net protein and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance and growth of early-weaned Dorper crossbred male lambs显示文摘Background: Dorper is an important breed for meat purpose and widely used in the livestock industry of the world.However, the protein requirement of Dorper crossbred has not been investigated. The current paper reports the net protein(NP) and metabolizable protein(MP) requirements of Dorper crossbred ram lambs from 20 to 35 kg BW.Methods: Thirty-five Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred lambs weaned at approximately 50 d of age(20.3 ± 2.15 kg of BW) were used. Seven lambs of 25 kg BW were slaughtered as the baseline animals at the start of the trial. An intermediate group of seven randomly selected lambs fed ad libitum was slaughtered at 28.6 kg BW. The remaining 21 lambs were randomly divided into three levels of dry matter intake: ad libitum or 70% or 40% of ad libitum intake. Those lambs were slaughtered when the lambs fed ad libitum reached 35 kg BW. Total body N and N retention were measured.Results: The daily NP and MP requirements for maintenance were 1.89 and 4.52 g/kg metabolic shrunk BW(SBW0.75).The partial efficiency of MP utilization for maintenance was 0.42. The NP requirement for growth ranged from 12.1 to 43.5 g/d, for the lambs gaining 100 to 350 g/d, and the partial efficiency of MP utilization for growth was 0.86.Conclusions: The NP and MP requirements for the maintenance and growth of Dorper crossbred male lambs were lower than the recommendations of American and British nutritional systems. | Tao Ma Kaidong Deng Yan Tu Naifeng Zhang Bingwen Si Guishan Xu Qiyu Diao | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，3： | 1 |
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