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| 1 | Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic progressive liver disease. Subtypes of PSC have been described, most recently PSC with elevated serum and/or tissue IgG4 subclass. We aim to summarise the clinical phenotype,disease associations, differential diagnosis, response to therapy and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PSC-high IgG4 subtype. We reviewed Pub Med,MEDLINE and Embase with the search terms 'primary sclerosing cholangitis','IgG4', and 'IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis(IgG4-SC)'. Elevated serum IgG4 are found in up-to one-quarter, and abundant IgG4-plasma cell infiltrates in the liver and bile ducts are found in up-to one-fifth of PSC patients. This group have a distinct clinical phenotype, with some studies reporting a more aggressive course of liver and associated inflammatory bowel disease, compared to PSCnormal IgG4 and the disease mimic IgG4-SC. Distinguishing PSC-high IgG4 from IgG4-SC remains challenging, requiring careful assessment of clinical features,organ involvement and tissue morphology. Calculation of serum IgG4:IgG1 ratios and use of a novel IgG4:IgG RNA ratio have been reported to have excellent specificity to distinguish IgG4-SC and PSC-high IgG4 but require validation in larger cohorts. A role for corticosteroid therapy in PSC-high IgG4 remains unanswered, with concerns of increased toxicity and lack of outcome data. The immunological drivers underlying prominent IgG4 antibodies in PSC are incompletely defined. An association with PSC-high IgG4 and HLA class-II haplotypes(B*07, DRB1*15), T-helper2 and T-regulatory cytokines(IL4, IL10,IL13) and chemokines(CCL1, CCR8) have been described. PSC-high IgG4 have a distinct clinical phenotype and need careful discrimination from IgG4-SC,although response to immunosuppressive treatments and long-term outcome remains unresolved. The presence of IgG4 likely represents chronic activation to persistent antigenic exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. | Charis D Manganis Roger W Chapman Emma L Culver | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，23： | 5 |
| 2 | Construction of random small-insert genomic libraries highly enriched for simple sequence repeats显示文摘 | KARAGYZOV L KALCHIEVA I D CHAPMAN V M | 1993 | Nucleic Acids Re-search1993，21，16： | 1 |
| 3 | A Contribution to the theory of electro- capillarity显示文摘 | Chapman D L | 1913 | Philosophical Magazine1913，25，： | 1 |
| 4 | Cockroach allergens and their role in asthma editor allergy and aller- gic disease显示文摘 | Chapman M D Vailes L D Haeden M L | 1996 | Blackweil Science Ltd1996，，： | 1 |
| 5 | A less sensitive explosive:3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one显示文摘 | Lee K Y Chapman L B Coburn M D | 1987 | Energetic Materials1987，5，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Modeling the effect of voltage ripple on the power output of photovoltaic modules显示文摘 | Benavides N D Chapman P L | 2008 | IEEE Transactions on Industrial Elec- tronics2008，55，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Synthesis of Novel Bis (amides) by Means of Triphenyl Phosphite Intermediates 显示文摘 | Barnes D J Chapman R L Vagg R S | 1978 | J Chem Eng Data1978，23，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Molten salt spectroelectroehemistry - recent develop- ments 显示文摘 | Mamantov G Chapman D M Harward B L | 1985 | Electrochemical Society Extended Ab- stracts1985，85，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Preservation of membranes in anhydrobiotic organisms:The role of trehalose显示文摘 | Crowe J H Crowe L M Chapman D | 1989 | Science1989，223，： | 1 |
| 10 | Optimal current control stratagies for suffaco-monnted permanent-magnet synchronous machine drives显示文摘 | CHAPMAN P L SUDHOFF S D WHITCOMB C A | 1999 | IEEE Trans on Energy Convention1999，14，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Predicting the settlements above twin tunnels constructed in soft ground显示文摘 | Rogers C D F Hunt D V L | 2004 | Tunneling and Underground Space Technology2004，19，45： | 1 |
| 12 | Power budgeting of a multiple-input buck-boost converter显示文摘 | Benavides N D Chapman P L | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics2005，20，6： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of a Mouse B-Type Cyclin Which Exhibits Developmentally Regulated Expression in the Germ Line显示文摘 | CHAPMAN D L WOLEGMUTH D J | 1992 | Molecular Reproduction and Development1992，33，： | 1 |
| 14 | Construction of random small insert genomic libraries highly enriched for simple sequence repeats显示文摘 | Karagyozov L Kalcheva I D Chapman V M | 1993 | Nucleic Acides Research1993，21，： | 1 |
| 15 | Improvements in the performance of commercial broilers in the USA: analysis for the years 1997 to 2001显示文摘 | Chapman H D Johnson Z B McFarland J L | 2003 | Poult Sci2003，82，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Movements in the piccadilly line tunnels due to the heathrow express construction显示文摘 | Cooper M L Chapman D N Rogers C D Chan A H | 2002 | Geotechnique2002，52，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Preservation of mem- branes in anhydrobiotic organisms显示文摘 | Ceowe J H Chapman D Croule L M | 1984 | The role of trehalose Science1984，223，： | 1 |
| 18 | An overview of APSIM, a model designed for farming systems simulation 显示文摘 | Keating B A Carberry P S Hammer G L Probert M E Robertson M J Holzworth D Huth N I Hargreaves J N G Meinke H Hochman Z McLean G Verburg K Snow V Dimes J P Silburn M Wang E Brown S Bristow K L Asseng S Chapman S McCown R L Freebairn D M Smith C J | 2003 | European Journal of Agronomy2003，18，314： | 1 |
| 19 | Generation of transgenic mice expressing Cre recombinase under the control of the Dll1 mesoderm enhancer element显示文摘 | Wehn A K Gallo P H Chapman D L | 2009 | Genesis2009，47，5： | 1 |
| 20 | The Vibroseis System: A high-frequency tool 显示文摘 | Chapman W L Brown G L Fair D W | 1981 | Geophysics1981，46，12： | 1 |
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