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| 1 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 2 | Cerebral processing of auditory stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘瞄准:用大脑决定功能的磁性的回声成像(fMRI ) 非内脏的刺激的服的处理是否在急躁的肠症候群(IBS ) 被改变病人与健康题目相比。围绕针的内脏躯体集中机制,并且识别心理因素的可能的影响,我们使用了听觉的刺激刺激在他们的感情的质量不同。方法:在 8 个 IBS 病人和 8 控制, fMRI 大小用不同感情的质量(钟声,讨厌的偷看(2000 Hz ) ,中立的词,和感情的词的愉快的声音) 的 4 听觉的刺激的一个块图案被执行。坡度回响 T2 * 加权的顺序被用于功能的扫描。统计地图用一般线性模型被构造。结果:到感情的听觉的刺激,,相对控制的 IBS 病人在感情的处理区域的一个更大的变化与更强壮的释放反应了反应模式,在控制不同,没在令人烦恼或愉快的声音之间区分。到中立听觉的刺激,由对比,仅仅 IBS 病人与大重要激活反应了。结论:到在感情的处理刺激的区域的听觉的刺激的改变的服的反应模式建议在 IBS 的改变的感觉处理不能为内脏的感觉是特定的,但是可能在感情的敏感和感情方面的反应反映概括变化,可能与经常在 IBS 病人发现的心理 comorbidity 联系了。 | Viola Andresen Alexander Poellinger Chedwa Tsrouya Dominik Bach Albrecht Stroh Annette Foerschler Petra Georgiewa Marco Schmidtmann Ivo R van der Voort Peter Kobelt Claus Zimmer Bertram Wiedenmann Burghard F Klapp Hubert Monnikes | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，11： | 8 |
| 3 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 4 | Diagnosis of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding by intraoperative enteroscopy in 81 consecutive patients显示文摘瞄准:为了由与流血调查一系列选择病人分析 intra 起作用的肠寄生物(IOE ) 的结果和复杂并发症,怀疑了从小肠发源。方法:81 个病人(吝啬的年龄:65 年) 包括 40,男性(49.4%) 和有阴暗胃肠的流血的 41 女性(50.6%) 经历了在 1990 和 2004 之间的 IOE。病人从一个数据库被识别,数据回顾地从病人的图表被选择。所有病人在 IOE 前经历了至少一非诊断的 esophagogastroduodenoscopy,结肠镜检查,标准肠寄生物和否定腹的超声扫描。结果:在病人的中部的最小的血红素水平是 59 + 15 g/L 并且 72.8% 病人以前要求了包装红血球的输送。流血来源在 68 被检测(84%) 病人在 IOE 期间。Angiodysplasiae 在 44 个病人(54.3%) 被发现, 9 个病人(11.1%) 被溃疡在小肠影响。在小肠的一个肿瘤在另外一个被检测 6 个病人。治疗在大多数病人由 argon-plasma-coagulation,外科的缝术或有限切除术组成了。结论:Intra 起作用的肠寄生物仍然为怀疑的小肠流血的诊断被使用。最近的开发象无线的囊内视镜检查法和两倍汽球肠寄生物那样,以后可以导致 IOE 的代替。 | Ralf Jakobs Dirk Hartmann Claus Benz Dieter Schilling Uwe Weickert Axel Eickhoff Klaus Schoenleben Juergen F Riemann | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Noninvasive detection and evaluation of atherosclerotic coronary plaques with multislice computed tomography 1 1 This study was performed without additional financial support.显示文摘 | Stephen Schroeder Andreas F Kopp Andreas Baumbach Christoph Meisner Axel Kuettner Christian Georg Bernd Ohnesorge Christian Herdeg Claus D Claussen Karl R Karsch | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2001，，5： | 3 |
| 6 | Influence of heart rate on vessel visibility in noninvasive coronary angiography using new multislice computed tomography显示文摘 | Stephen Schroeder Andreas F Kopp Axel Kuettner Christof Burgstahler Christian Herdeg Martin Heuschmid Andreas Baumbach Claus D Claussen Karl R Karsch Ludger Seipel | 2002 | Clinical Imaging2002，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Modeling as a tool for evaluating the effects of energy saving measures, case study: a tumbler drier显示文摘 | Lambert A Spruit F Claus J | 1991 | Appl Energy1991，38，： | 1 |
| 8 | An anatomybased beam segmentation tool for intensity-modulated radiation therapy and its application to head-and-neck cancer显示文摘 | De Gersem W Claus F De Wagter C | 2001 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2001，51，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of calcium ions on the irreversible denaturation of a recombinant Bacillus halmapalus α-am- ylase:a calorimetric investigation显示文摘 | ANDERS D N CLAUS C F PETER W | 2003 | Biochemistry Journal2003，373，： | 1 |
| 10 | Attenuation of sepsis-related immunoparalysis by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in experimental porcine pancreatitis显示文摘 | Emre F Yekebas MD Claus F | 2001 | Crit Care Med2001，29，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Post-Systolic Thickening in Ischaemic Myocardium: A Simple Mathematical Model for Simulating Regional Deformation 显示文摘 | Claus P Bijnens B Weidemann F | 2001 | Lecture Notes Computer Science2001，2230，： | 1 |
| 12 | Low-fat,high - moisture frankfurters :Effects of temperature and water during extended mixing 显示文摘 | SYLVIA S F CLAUS J R MARRIOTT N G | 1994 | Journal of Food Science1994，59，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Pretreatment evaluation of prostate cancer: role of MR imaging and 1H MR spectroscopy显示文摘 | CLAUS F G HRICAK H HATTERY R R | 2004 | Radiographics2004，24，1： | 1 |
| 14 | MRI findings in acute cerebellitis 显示文摘 | De Bruecker Y Claus F Demaerel P | 2004 | Eur Radiol2004，14，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Attenuation of sepsis-related immunoparalysis by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in exper- imental porcine pancreatitis显示文摘 | Emre F Yekebas MD Claus F | 2002 | Crit Care Med2002，30，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Structural Control: Past, Present, and Future显示文摘 | HOUSNER G W BERGMAN L A CAUGHEY T K CHASSIAKOS A G CLAUS R O MASRI S F SKELTON R E SOONG T T SPENCER B F YAO J T P | 1997 | Journal of Engineering Mechanics1997，123，9： | 1 |
| 17 | An anatomybased beam segmentation tool for intensity-modulated radiation therapy and its application to head-and-neck cancer显示文摘 | De Gersem W Claus F De Wagter C | 2001 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2001，51，： | 1 |
| 18 | Enhanced auto adhesion of wood fibers using phenol oxidases显示文摘 | Claus F Lars S P Nielsen B R | 1997 | Holzforschung1997，51，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Lectin- mediated drug targeting : history and applications 显示文摘 | CHRISTIANE B CLAUS M I JOHN F W | 2004 | Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews2004，56，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Clustering of increased small intestinal permeability in families with Crohn’s disease显示文摘 | M Peeters B Geypens D Claus H Nevens Y Ghoos G Verbeke F Baert S Vermeire R Vlietinck P Rutgeerts | 1997 | Gastroenterology1997，，3： | 1 |
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