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| 1 | Clostridium difficile and inflammatory bowel disease: Role in pathogenesis and implications in treatment显示文摘Clostridium difficile(C.difficile)is the leading cause of antibiotic associated colitis and nosocomial diarrhea.Patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)are at increased risk of developing C.difficile infection(CDI),have worse outcomes of CDI-including higher rates of colectomy and death,and experience higher rates of recurrence.However,it is still not clear whether C.difficile is a cause of IBD or a consequence of the inflammatory state in the intestinal environment.The burden of CDI has increased dramatically over the past decade,with severe outbreaks described in many countries,which have been attributed to a new and more virulent strain.A parallel rise in the incidence of CDI has been noted in patients with IBD.IBD patients with CDI tend be younger,have less prior antibiotic exposure,and most cases of CDI in these patients represent outpatient acquired infections.The clinical presentation of CDI in these patients can be unique-including diversion colitis,enteritis and pouchitis,and typical findings on colonoscopy are often absent.Due to the high prevalence of CDI in patients hospitalized with an IBD exacerbation,and the prognostic implications of CDI in these patients,it is recommended to test all IBD patients hospitalized with a disease flare for C.difficile.Treatment includes general measures such as supportive care and infection control measures.Antibiotic therapy with either oral metronidazole,vancomycin,or the novel antibiotic-fidaxomicin,should be initiated as soon as possible.Fecal macrobiota transplantation constitutes another optional treatment for severe/recurrent CDI.The aim of this paper is to review recent data on CDI in IBD:role in pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,optional treatments,and outcomes of these patients. | Orna Nitzan Mazen Elias Bibiana Chazan Raul Raz Walid Saliba | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，43： | 12 |
| 2 | Super Resolution Pitch Determination of Speech Signals显示文摘 | Medan Y Yair E Chazan D | 1991 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing1991，39，01： | 1 |
| 3 | Laser scanning forconservation and research of African cultural heritage sites : thecase study of Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa显示文摘 | Riither H Chazan M Schroeder R | 2009 | Journal ofArchaeological Science2009，36，9： | 1 |
| 4 | In Move to Reform Russia's Judicial System, Putin Battles Entrenched Vested Interests显示文摘 | Guy Chazan | 2001 | Wall Street Journal2001，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Etiology of community - ac- quired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in northern Israel 显示文摘 | Shibli F Chazan B Nitzan O | 2010 | Med Assoc J2010，12，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Gliclazide and bedtime insulin are more efficient than insulin alone for type 2 diabetic patients with sulfonylurea secondary failure 显示文摘 | Chazan AC Gomes MB | 2001 | Braz J Med Boil Res2001，34，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Seasonal variation in Escherichia coli bloodstream infections in northern Israel显示文摘 | Chazan B Colodner R Edelstein H | 2011 | Clin Microbiol Infect2011，17，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Redefining levallois显示文摘 | Chazan M | 1997 | Journal of Human Evolution1997，33，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Contemporary clinical diagnostics of respiratory tract infections显示文摘 | Chazan R | 2011 | Pol Merkur Lekarski2011，30，179： | 1 |
| 10 | Low - dose ketamine via intravenous patient - controlled analgesia device after various transthoracic procedures improves analgesia and patient and family satisfaction 显示文摘 | CHAZAN S BUDA I NESHER N | 2010 | Pain Manag Nurs2010，11，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Cranberry juice and urinary tract infection显示文摘 | Raz R Chazan B Dan M | 2004 | Clin Infect Dis2004，38，： | 1 |
| 12 | Risk factors for the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in nonhospitalized patients显示文摘 | Colodner R Rock W Chazan B | 2004 | Ur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis2004，23，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Efficacy and safety of levofloxacin treatment of community-acquired pneumonia inhospitalized patients 显示文摘 | Karwat K J Grabczak M Chazan R | 2006 | Pneumonol Alergol Pol2006，74，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Efficacy of orallyadministered deferoxamine, activated charcoal, sodium bicarbonatein acute iron intoxication in rats: implications for the treatment ofpediatric iron poisoning 显示文摘 | Eshel G Ban J Chazan S | 2000 | Curt Themp Res2000，61，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Community-acquired and hospital-acquired candiduria: comparison of prevalence and clinical characteristics显示文摘 | R. Colodner Y. Nuri B. Chazan R. Raz | 2008 | European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases2008，，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Etiology of conmmnityacquired pneumonia in hospitalized patients in northern Israel显示文摘 | Shibli F Chazan B Nitzan O | 2010 | Isr Med Assoc J2010，，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Community-acquired and hospital- acquired candiduria : comparison of prevalence and clinical characteristics 显示文摘 | Colodner R Nuri Y Chazan B | 2008 | Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis2008，27，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Noise cancellation for hearing aids显示文摘 | Chazan D Medan Y Shvadron U | 1988 | IEEE Tran Acoust Speech Signal Process1988，36，： | 1 |
| 19 | Glucocorticoid administration during incubation: Embryo mortality and posthatch growth in chickens显示文摘 | HEIBLUM R AMON E CHAZAN G | 2001 | Poultry Science2001，80，： | 1 |
| 20 | Postterm pregnancy - importance of this problem in modern obstetrics 显示文摘 | Chazan B Niemiec KT Filipp E | 1996 | Ginekol Pol1996，67，3： | 1 |
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