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| 1 | Sharing Clinical Trial Data: A Proposal from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors显示文摘The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) believes that there is an ethical obligation to responsibly share data generated by interventional clinical trials because participants have put themselves at risk.In a growing consensus,many funders around the world-foundations,government agencies,and industry-now mandate data sharing.Here,we outline ICMJE's proposed requirements to help meet this obligation.We encourage feedback on the proposed requirements.Anyone can provide feedback at www.icmje.org by April 18,2016. | Darren B Taichman Joyce Backus Christopher Baethge Howard Bauchner Peter W de Leeuw Jeffrey M Drazen John Fletcher Frank Frizelle Irish Groves Abraham Haileamlak Astrid James Christine Laine Larry Peiperl Anja Pinborg Peush Sahni Si-Nan Wu | 2016 | Chinese Medical Journal2016，，2： | 20 |
| 2 | Dietary advanced glycation end-products aggravate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM To determine if manipulation of dietary advanced glycation end product(AGE), intake affects nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) progression and whether these effects are mediated via RAGE. METHODS Male C57Bl6 mice were fed a high fat, high fructose, high cholesterol(HFHC) diet for 33 wk and compared with animals on normal chow. A third group were given a HFHC diet that was high in AGEs. Another group was given a HFHC diet that was marinated in vinegar to prevent the formation of AGEs. In a second experiment, RAGE KO animals were fed a HFHC diet or a high AGE HFHC diet and compared with wildtype controls. Hepatic biochemistry, histology, picrosirius red morphometry and hepatic mR NA were determined. RESULTS Long-term consumption of the HFHC diet generated significant steatohepatitis and fibrosis after 33 wk. In this model, hepatic 4-hydroxynonenal content(a marker of chronic oxidative stress), hepatocyte ballooning, picrosirius red staining, α-smooth muscle actin and collagen type 1A gene expression were all significantly increased. Increasing the AGE content of the HFHC diet by baking further increased these markers of liver damage, but this was abrogated by pre-marination in acetic acid. In response to the HFHC diet, RAGE-/-animals developed NASH of similar severity to RAGE+/+ animals but were protected from the additional harmful effects of the high AGE containing diet. Studies in isolated Kupffer cells showed that AGEs increase cell proliferation and oxidative stress, providing a likely mechanism through which these compounds contribute to liver injury. CONCLUSION In the HFHC model of NAFLD, manipulation of dietary AGEs modulates liver injury, inflammation, and liver fibrosis via a RAGE dependent pathway. This suggests that pharmacological and dietary strategies targeting the AGE/RAGE pathway could slow the progression of NAFLD. | Christopher Leung Chandana B Herath Zhiyuan Jia Sof Andrikopoulos Bronwyn E Brown Michael J Davies Leni R Rivera John B Furness Josephine M Forbes Peter W Angus | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，35： | 7 |
| 3 | 子痫前期:病理生理学和临床意义显示文摘子痫前期是一种常见疾病,尤其影响首次妊娠。其临床表现多样,但通常表现为高血压和蛋白尿。这些全身症状是由于在合体滋养细胞的压力作用下,胎盘释放了可溶性因子。子痫前期主要有早发型和迟发型2种亚型,其他几种亚型目前尚未确定。早发型子痫前期是由于胎盘缺陷而出现,而迟发型子痫前期可能是由于胎盘的正常衰老,以及母体对心血管和代谢疾病的遗传易感性交互产生。子痫前期因胎盘和母体因素产生的原因因人而异。最近的研究主要集中在早孕期的胎盘-子宫相互作用。本文旨在对关于子痫前期的预测、预防和治疗方法的最新文献进行归纳综述。 | Graham J Burton Christopher W Redman James M Roberts Ashley Moffett 秦萌(译) 金滢 潘凌亚(校 | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，11： | 6 |
| 4 | Clinical outcomes following salvage Gamma Knife radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma显示文摘Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a survival prognosis of 14-16 mo for the highest functioning patients. Despite aggressive, multimodal upfront therapies, the majority of GBMs will recur in approximately six months. Salvage therapy options for recurrent GBM(r GBM) are an area of intense research. This study compares recent survival and quality of life outcomes following Gamma Knife radiosurgery(GKRS) salvage therapy. Following a Pub Med search for studies usingGKRS as salvage therapy for malignant gliomas, nine articles from 2005 to July 2013 were identified which evaluated rG BM treatment. In this review, we compare overall survival following diagnosis, overall survival following salvage treatment, progression-free survival, time to recurrence, local tumor control, and adverse radiation effects. This report discusses results for rG BM patient populations alone, not for mixed populations with other tumor histology grades. All nine studies reported median overall survival rates(from diagnosis, range:16.7-33.2 mo; from salvage, range:9-17.9 mo). Three studies identified median progression-free survival(range:4.6-14.9 mo). Two showed median time to recurrence of GBM. Two discussed local tumor control. Six studies reported adverse radiation effects(range:0%-46% of patients). The greatest survival advantages were seen in patients who received GKRS salvage along with other treatments, like resection or bevacizumab, suggesting that appropriately tailored multimodal therapy should be considered with each rG BM patient. However, there needs to be a randomized clinical trial to test GKRS for rG BM before the possibility of selection bias can be dismissed. | Erik W Larson Halloran E Peterson Wayne T Lamoreaux Alexander R MacKay Robert K Fairbanks Jason A Call Jonathan D Carlson Benjamin C Ling John J Demakas Barton S Cooke Christopher M Lee | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，2： | 5 |
| 5 | Updates on treatment of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and discomfort in association with altered bowel habits. It is estimated to affect 10%-15% of the Western population, and has a large impact on quality of life and (in)direct healthcare costs. IBS is a multifactorial disorder involving dysregulation within the brain-gut axis, and it is frequently associated with gastrointestinal motor and sensory dysfunction, enteric and central nervous system irregularities, neuroimmune dysregulation, and post- infectious inflammation. As with other functional medical disorders, the treatment for IBS can be challenging. Conventional therapy for those with moderate to severe symptoms is largely unsatisfactory, and the development of new and effective drugs is made difficult by the complex pathogenesis, variety of symptoms, and lack of objective clinical findings that are the hallmark of this disorder. Fortunately, research advances over the past several decades have provided insight into potential mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of IBS, and have led to the development of several promising pharmaceutical agents. In recent years there has been much publicity over several of these new IBS medications (alosetron and tegaserod) because of their reported association with ischemic colitis and cardiovascular disease. While these agents remain available for use under restricted prescribing programs, this highlights the need for continued development of safe and effective medication for IBS. This article provides a physiologically- based overview of recently developed and frequently employed pharmaceutical agents used to treat IBS, and discusses some non-pharmaceutical options that may be beneficial in this disorder. | Christopher W Hammerle Christina M Surawicz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，17： | 4 |
| 6 | Gastric intestinal metaplasia is associated with gastric dysplasia but is inversely correlated with esophageal dysplasia显示文摘AIM To determine which clinical factors might be associated with gastric intestinal metaplasia(IM) in a North American population.METHODS Pathology and endoscopy databases at an academicmedical center were reviewed to identify patients with and without gastric IM on biopsies for a retrospective cohort study. Patient demographics, insurance status, and other clinical factors were reviewed.RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-eight patients with gastric IM(mean age: 61.0 years ± 14.4 years, 55.5% female) and 171 without gastric IM(mean age: 48.8 years ± 20.8 years, 55.0% female) were compared. The endoscopic appearance of atrophic gastritis correlated with finding gastric IM on histopathology(OR = 2.05, P = 0.051). Gastric IM was associated with histologic findings of chronic gastritis(OR = 2.56, P < 0.001), gastric ulcer(OR = 6.97, P = 0.015), gastric dysplasia(OR = 6.11, P = 0.038), and gastric cancer(OR = 6.53, P = 0.027). Histologic findings of Barrett's esophagus(OR = 0.28, P = 0.003) and esophageal dysplasia(OR = 0.11, P = 0.014) were inversely associated with gastric IM. Tobacco use(OR = 1.73, P = 0.005) was associated with gastric IM.CONCLUSION Patients who smoke or have the endoscopic finding of atrophic gastritis are more likely to have gastric IM and should have screening gastric biopsies during esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD). Patients with gastric IM are at increased risk for having gastric dysplasia and cancer, and surveillance EGD with gastric biopsies in these patients might be reasonable. | Justin M Gomez James T Patrie Wissam Bleibel Jeanetta W Frye Bryan G Sauer Vanessa M Shami Edward B Stelow Christopher A Moskaluk Andrew Y Wang | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2017，9，2： | 3 |
| 7 | 一种房颤风险评分系统的建立(Framingham心脏研究):基于社区的队列研究显示文摘背景房颤导致了发病率和病死率的显著上升。本研究旨在建立一种预测个体罹患房颤绝对风险的风险评分系统,并提供研究人员评价新危险因素的流程。方法作者评估了Framingham心脏研究中于1968年6月至1987年9月间进行了8044次检测的4764例参与者(55%为女性,年龄45~95岁)。此后,参与者被随访至房颤首发,随访期最长达10年。多变量Coxi回归确认出1(1年内罹患房颤的临床危险因素。次级分析纳入了常规超声心动图检测指标(5152例4参与者,7156次检测)对房颤风险进行再分层评估,并评价超声检测指标能否提高风险预测能力。结果4764例参与者中的457例4(10%)罹患房颤。年龄、性别、体重指数、收缩压、降压治疗、PR间期、有临床意义的心脏杂音及心力衰竭与房颤相关,并被纳入了风险评分模型(除体重指数P=0.08外,其余均为P〈0.05),模型的C统计量为0.78(95%CI0.76~0.80)。10年房颤风险随年龄变化:年龄〈65岁的人群中53例(1%)风险高于15%,而〉65岁的人群中为783例(27%)。为提高预测能力而纳入超声检测指标仅使模型C统计量略微增高,由0.78(95%C10.75~0.80)增至0.79(95%CI0.77~0.82:P=0.005)。超声心动图检测指标并不能改善风险再分层评估(P=0.18)。结论基于社区医疗中易得的临床因素建立的风险评分系统,有助于确认社区个体罹患房颤的风险,评估技术或标志物能否改善风险预测,以及针对高危个体采取预防措施。 | Renate B Schnabel Lisa M Sullivan Daniel Levy Michael J Pencina Joseph M Massaro Ralph B D'Agostino Sr Christopher Newton-Cheh Jennifer F Yamamoto Jared W Magnani Thomas M Tadros William B Kannel Thomas J Wang Patrick T Ellinor Philip A Wolf Ramachanclran S Vasan Emelia J Benjamin 黄刚(译) | 2009 | 世界临床医学2009，，9： | 2 |
| 8 | Evaluation and treatment of internal impingement of the shoulder in overhead athletes显示文摘One of the most common pathologic processes seen in overhead throwing athletes is posterior shoulderpain resulting from internal impingement. 'Internal impingement' is a term used to describe a constellation of symptoms which result from the greater tuberosity of the humerus and the articular surface of the rotator cuff abutting the posterosuperior glenoid when the shoulder is in an abducted and externally rotated position. The pathophysiology in symptomatic internal impingement is multifactorial,involving physiologic shoulder remodeling,posterior capsular contracture,and scapular dyskinesis. Throwers with internal impingement may complain of shoulder stiffness or the need for a prolonged warm-up,decline in performance,or posterior shoulder pain. On physical examination,patients will demonstrate limited internal rotation and posterior shoulder pain with a posterior impingement test. Common imaging findings include the classic 'Bennett lesion' on radiographs,as well as articular-sided partial rotator cuff tears and concomitant SLAP lesions. Mainstays of treatment include intense non-operative management focusing on rest and stretching protocols focusing on the posterior capsule. Operative management is variable depending on the exact pathology,but largely consists of rotator cuff debridement. Outcomes of operative treatment have been mixed,therefore intense non-operative treatment should remain the focus of treatment. | Keith T Corpus Christopher L Camp David M Dines David W Altchek Joshua S Dines | 2016 | World Journal of Orthopedics2016，7，12： | 2 |
| 9 | Visible light photoredox catalysis with transition metal complexes:applications in organic synthesis显示文摘 | Christopher K P Danica A R David W C M | 2013 | Chem Rev2013，113，： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of using accurate climatic conditions for mechanistic-empirical pavement design显示文摘 | Tamer M B Christopher W R Daryl E H | 2011 | Journal of Transportation Engineering2011，137，： | 1 |
| 11 | Vitrificationg enhancement by synthetic ice blocking agents 显示文摘 | Brain W Eugen L Christopher M R | 2000 | Cryobiology2000，，： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of body contact series resistance on SOI CMOS amplifier stages显示文摘 | CHRISTOPHER F E WILLIAM R W BERNARD M T | 1997 | IEEE Trans Electron Devices1997，44，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Organic funetionalized molecular sieve as shape-selective catalyst 显示文摘 | Christopher W Katsuyuyki T Davas E M | 1998 | Nature1998，393，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Delivery of peptide and protein drugs over the blood-brain barrier显示文摘 | Brasnjevic Ivona Steinbusch Harry W M Schmitz Christoph | 2009 | Progress in Neurobiology2009，87，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Antibiotic therapy for coronary artery disease : can a wizard change it all 显示文摘 | Christopher M Michael W Dunne A | 2003 | JAMA2003，290，： | 1 |
| 16 | The role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator(ARNT) in hypoxic induction of gene expression显示文摘 | S Morwenna Wood Jonathan M Gleadle Christopher W Pugh | 1996 | The Journal of Biological Chemistry1996，271，15： | 1 |
| 17 | Sorafenib in radioactive iodine-refractory, locally advanced or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer: a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Marcia S Brose Christopher M Nutting Barbara Jarzab Rossella Elisei Salvatore Siena Lars Bastholt Christelle de la Fouchardiere Furio Pacini Ralf Paschke Young Kee Shong Steven I Sherman Johannes W A Smit John Chung Christian Kappeler Carol Pe?a István Mo | 2014 | The Lancet2014，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Proton radiography显示文摘 | CHRISTOPHER M JOHN W H PHLLIP G | 2006 | Los Alamos Science2006，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Renal impairment and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction early post-myocardial infarction显示文摘AIM:To study if impaired renal function is associated with increased risk of peri-infarct heart failure (HF) in patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF).METHODS:Patients with occluded infarct-related arteries (IRAs) between 1 to 28 d after myocardial infarction (MI) were grouped into chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages based on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).Rates of early post-MI HF were compared among eGFR groups.Logistic regression was used to explore independent predictors of HF.RESULTS:Reduced eGFR was present in 71.1% of 2160 patients,with significant renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min every 1.73 m2) in 14.8%.The prevalence of HF was higher with worsening renal function:15.5%,17.8% and 29.4% in patients with CKD stages 1,2 and 3 or 4,respectively (P < 0.0001),despite a small absolute difference in mean EF across eGFR groups:48.2 ± 10.0,47.9 ± 11.3 and 46.2 ± 12.1,respectively (P=0.02).The prevalence of HF was again higher with worsening renal function among patients with preserved EF:10.1%,13.6% and 23.6% (P < 0.0001),but this relationship was not significant among patients with depressed EF:27.1%,26.2% and 37.9% (P= 0.071).Moreover,eGFR was an independent correlate of HF in patients with preserved EF (P=0.003) but not in patients with depressed EF (P=0.181).CONCLUSION:A significant proportion of post-MI patients with occluded IRAs have impaired renal function.Impaired renal function was associated with an increased rate of early post-MI HF,the association being strongest in patients with preserved EF.These findings have implications for management of peri-infarct HF. | Vinod Jorapur Gervasio A Lamas Zygmunt P Sadowski Harmony R Reynolds Antonio C Carvalho Christopher E Buller James M Rankin Jean Renkin Philippe Gabriel Steg Harvey D White Carlos Vozzi Eduardo Balcells Michael Ragosta C Edwin Martin Vankeepuram S Srinivas William W Wharton III Staci Abramsky Ana C Mon Shari S Kronsberg Judith S Hochman | 2010 | World Journal of Cardiology2010，2，1： | 1 |
| 20 | N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,levels for dynamic risk stratification of patients with acute coronary syndromes显示文摘 | Christopher H Christian W Veselin M | 2004 | Circulation2004，110，： | 1 |
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