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| 1 | 牧草如何生长——植物生长与放牧管理之关联(英文)显示文摘适当管理饲料饲草资源的基本原则是理解多年生牧草如何生长。长期以来 ,对根系生长有了基本的了解 ,对去叶和环境对根系生长的影响也知之甚多。然而 ,对去叶、干旱及其他环境因素对多年生牧草的影响以及这些牧草对去叶的反应缺乏应有的理解。从牧草返青到开花 ,植物处于短枝阶段 ,适度放牧并不对多年生牧草的健康和活力造成危害 ,因为植物会弥补其失去的叶片。然而 ,当牧草从短枝向长枝阶段 (节间伸长和开花期 )转移时 ,碳水化合物主要用于节间伸长和开花过程。在开花后和休眠前期 ,碳水化合物主要向茎基和植物基部转移 ,以供来年新枝条的发育。因此 ,在花后和休眠前期 ,放牧系统必须被调节到“无放牧”状态。“无放牧”状态 ,如休息、轮牧、延迟轮牧和快速轮牧制 ,其价值在于这种定期的禁牧可提高多年生牧草的活力 ,改善草地的健康状况 ,并且在不利的环境条件下 。 | Ronald E Sosebee David B Wester J Carlos Villalobos Carlton M Britton Changgui Wan Hisham Nofal | 2005 | 草业学报2005，14，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Silicon carbide resonant tuning fork for microsensing applications in high-temperature and high G-shock environments显示文摘We present the fabrication and testing of a silicon carbide(SiC)balanced mass double-ended tuning fork that survives harsh environments without compromising the device strain sensitivity and resolution bandwidth.The device features a material stack that survives corrosive environments and enables high-temperature operation.To perform high-temperature testing,a specialized setup was constructed that allows the tuning fork to be characterized using traditional silicon electronics.The tuning fork has been operated at 600 ℃ in the presence of dry steam for short durations.This tuning fork has also been tested to 64 000 G using a hard-launch,soft-catch shock implemented with a light gas gun.However,the device still has a strain sensitivity of 66 Hz/με and strain resolution of 0.045 με in a 10 kHz bandwidth.As such,this balanced-mass double-ended tuning fork can be used to create a variety of different sensors including strain gauges,accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure transducers.Given the adaptable fabrication process flow,this device could be useful to micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) designers creating sensors for a variety of different applications. | David R Myers Kan Bun Cheng Babak Jamshidi Robert G Azevedo Debbie G Senesky Li Chen Mehran Mehregany Muthu B J Wijesundara Albert P Pisano | 2012 | Engineering Sciences2012，10，5： | 6 |
| 3 | 黑曲霉菌为宿主菌的重组表达性质粒的构建显示文摘目的 建立以pyrG基因为选择标志 ,以黑曲霉菌为宿主菌的蛋白质表达系统。 方法 以PCR扩增获得的黑曲霉菌 pyrG基因的部分序列片段为探针作两次噬菌斑原位杂交 ,从黑曲霉菌ATCC 12 0 49基因文库中克隆获得长度为 9.8kb的DNA片段 ,将其中含 pyrG基因的 2 .3kb片段亚克隆至表达性载体PIGF中 ,获得重组质粒。对克隆基因进行了全基因测定和分析。以黑曲霉菌ATCC 12 0 49的 pyrG缺陷株M 5 4为受体菌 ,用聚乙二醇 /氯化钙方法作基因转化实验 ,将重组质粒导入该受体菌并在其中表达。结果 从黑曲霉菌ATCC 12 0 49基因文库中克隆获得了pyrG基因 ,构建了含该基因的重组表达性载体 pYG1.2。序列分析表明该基因与黑曲霉菌L112的 pyrG基因编码序列的同源性为 93 .9% ,两者经推导的氨基酸的同源性为 98.9%。重组质粒 pYG1.2可使黑曲霉菌ATCC 12 0 49的 pyrG缺陷株M5 4发生基因转化 ,成为Pyr+ 。结论 在克隆了 pyrG基因的基础上成功构建了以 pyrG基因为选择标志 。 | 刘钟滨 David J Jeenes David B Archer | 2001 | 同济大学学报(医学版)2001，22，3： | 4 |
| 4 | Sentinel-lymph-node resection compared with conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in clinically node-negative patients with breast cancer: overall survival findings from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase 3 trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Joseph P Costantino Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Eleftherios P Mamounas Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Norman Wolmark | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，10： | 3 |
| 5 | Accuracy of biometric formulae for intraocular lens power calculation in a teaching hospital显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of three commonly used biometric formulae across different axial lengths(ALs) at one United States Veterans Affairs teaching hospital.METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted from November 2013 to May 2018. One eye of each patient who underwent cataract surgery with a monofocal intraocular lens(IOL) was included. The range of postoperative follow-up period was from 3 wk to 4 mo. The Holladay 2, Barrett Universal II, and Hill-Radial Basis Function(Hill-RBF) formulae were used to predict the postoperative refraction for all cataract surgeries. For each formula, we calculated the prediction errors [including mean absolute prediction error(MAE)] and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25 diopter(D) and ±0.5 D of predicted refraction. We performed subgroup analyses for short(AL<22.0 mm), medium(AL 22.0-25.0 mm), and long eyes(AL>25.0 mm).RESULTS: A total of 1131 patients were screened, and 909 met the inclusion criteria. Resident ophthalmologists were the primary surgeons in 710(78.1%) cases. We found no statistically significant difference in predictive accuracy among the three formulae over the entire AL range or in the short, medium, and long eye subgroups. Across the entire AL range, the Hill-RBF formula resulted in the lowest MAE(0.384 D) and the highest percentage of eyes with postoperative refraction within ±0.25 D(42.7%) and ±0.5 D(75.5%) of predicted. All three formulae had the highest MAEs(>0.5 D) and lowest percentage within ±0.5 D of predicted refraction(<55%) in short eyes.CONCLUSION: In cataract surgery patients at our teaching hospital, three commonly used biometric formulae demonstrate similar refractive accuracy across all ALs. Short eyes pose the greatest challenge to predicting postoperative refractive error. | Kevin S Tang Elaine M Tran Allison J Chen David R Rivera Jorge J Rivera Paul B Greenberg | 2020 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2020，13，1： | 3 |
| 6 | Prognostic impact of the Bismuth-Corlette classification:Higher rates of local unresectability in stageⅢb hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘Background:The Bismuth-Corlette(BC)classification is used to categorize hilar cholangiocarcinoma by proximal extension along the biliary tree.As the right hepatic artery crosses just behind the left bile duct,we hypothesized that BCⅢb tumors would have a higher likelihood of local unresectability due to involvement of the contralateral artery.Methods:A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database identified patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma taken to the operating room for intended curative resection between April 2008 and September 2016.Cases were assigned BC stages based on preoperative imaging.Results:Sixty-eight patients were included in the study.All underwent staging laparoscopy after which 16 cases were aborted for metastatic disease.Of the remaining 52 cases,14 cases were explored and aborted for locally advanced disease.Thirty-eight underwent attempt at curative resection.After exclud-ing cases aborted for metastatic disease,the chance of proceeding with resection was 55.6%for BCⅢb staged lesions compared to 80.0%of BCⅢa lesions and to 82.4%for BCⅠ-Ⅲa staged lesions(P<0.05).About 44.4%of BCⅢb lesions were aborted for locally advanced disease versus 17.6%of remaining BC stages.Conclusions:When hilar cholangiocarcinoma is preoperatively staged as BCⅢb,surgeons should antici-pate higher rates of locally unresectable disease,likely involving the right hepatic artery. | Michael J Passeri Maria R Baimas-George Jesse K Sulzer David A Iannitti John B Martinie Erin H Baker Lee M Ocuin Dionisios Vrochides | 2020 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2020，19，2： | 3 |
| 7 | Early infant male circumcision:Systematic review,risk-benefit analysis,and progress in policy显示文摘AIM To determine whether recent evidence-based United States polices on male circumcision(MC) apply to comparable Anglophone countries,Australia and New Zealand.METHODS Articles in 2005 through 2015 were retrieved from PubM ed using the keyword 'circumcision' together with 36 relevant subtopics.A further PubM ed search was performed for articles published in 2016.Searches of the EMBASE and Cochrane databases did not yield additional citable articles.Articles were assessed for quality and those rated 2+ and above according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Grading System were studied further.The most relevant andrepresentative of the topic were included.Bibliographies were examined to retrieve further key references.Randomized controlled trials,recent high quality systematic reviews or meta-analyses(level 1++ or 1+ evidence) were prioritized for inclusion.A risk-benefit analysis of articles rated for quality was performed.For efficiency and reliability,recent randomized controlled trials,metaanalyses,high quality systematic reviews and large welldesigned studies were used if available.Internet searches were conducted for other relevant information,including policies and Australian data on claims under Medicare for MC.RESULTS Evidence-based policy statements by the American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) support infant and later age male circumcision(MC) as a desirable public health measure.Our systematic review of relevant literature over the past decade yielded 140 journal articles that met our inclusion criteria.Together,these showed that early infant MC confers immediate and lifelong benefits by protecting against urinary tract infections having potential adverse long-term renal effects,phimosis that causes difficult and painful erections and 'ballooning' during urination,inflammatory skin conditions,inferior penile hygiene,candidiasis,various sexually transmissible infections in both sexes,genital ulcers,and penile,prostate and cervical cancer.Our risk-benefit analysis showed that benefits exceeded procedural risks,which are predominantly minor,by up to 200 to 1.We estimated that more than 1 in 2 uncircumcised males will experience an adverse foreskin-related medical condition over their lifetime.Wide-ranging evidence from surveys,physiological measurements,and the anatomical location of penile sensory receptors responsible for sexual sensation strongly and consistently suggested that MC has no detrimental effect on sexual function,sensitivity or pleasure.United States studies showed that early infant MC is cost saving.The evidence supporting early infant MC has further strengthened since the positive AAP and CDC reviews.CONCLUSION Affirmative MC policies are needed in Australia and New Zealand.Routine provision of accurate,unbiased education,and access in public hospitals,will maximize health and financial benefits. | Brian J Morris Sean E Kennedy Alex D Wodak Adrian Mindel David Golovsky Leslie Schrieber Eugenie R Lumbers David J Handelsman John B Ziegler | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 8 | DNA vaccination of infants in the presence of maternal antibody: a measles model in the primate显示文摘 | Mary Premenko-Lanier Paul A Rota Gary Rhodes David Verhoeven Dan H Barouch Nicholas W Lerche Norman L Letvin William J Bellini Michael B McChesney | 2003 | Virology2003，，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Efficacy of intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections in knee osteoarthritis显示文摘 | David Evanich Christopher J Mark B | | Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research0，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial显示文摘 | David W Andrews Charles B Scott Paul W Sperduto Adam E Flanders Laurie E Gaspar Michael C Schell Maria Werner-Wasik William Demas Janice Ryu Jean-Paul Bahary Luis Souhami Marvin Rotman Minesh P Mehta Walter J Curran | 2004 | The Lancet . 2004 (9422)2004，，9422： | 2 |
| 11 | Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Barbara J Miller Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Denise M Mammolito David R McCready Eleftherios P Mamo | 2007 | Lancet Oncology2007，，10： | 2 |
| 12 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 13 | Rapid and efficient reprogramming of human fetal and adult blood CD34~ cells into mesenchymal stem cells with a single factor显示文摘进体的干细胞的皮房间的直接变换在再生药打开了新治疗学的可能性。这里,我们证明人的导致的间充质的干细胞(iMSCs ) 能高效地从绳索血(CB ) 被产生 - 或由有一个单个因素的直接 reprogramming 的成年的外部血(PB )-CD34+ 房间, OCT4。面对一个 GSK3 禁止者, 16% OCT4-transduced CD34 + 房间在 2 个星期以内被变换成 iMSCs。有效直接 reprogramming 与两 episomal 被完成调停向量的短暂 OCT4 表示和 lentiviral 调停向量的 OCT4 transduction。iMSCs 快车 MSC 标记,类似于骨头髓(BM ) 在形态学的 -MSCs,并且在 vitro multilineage 区别能力拥有,还与 BM-MSCs 相比有一个更大的 proliferative 能力。类似于 BM-MSCs,植入的 iMSCs 形式骨头和结缔组织,并且是在老鼠的 non-tumorigenic。然而, BM-MSCs 不而 iMSCs 确实形成肌肉纤维,显示 iMSCs 的一个潜在的功能的优点。另外,我们观察到 OCT4 表示的高水平为起始的 reprogramming 和最佳的 iMSC 自强被要求,当 OCT4 表示的减小为 multilineage 区别被要求时。我们的方法将贡献病人特定的 iMSCs 的产生,它能在再生药有应用。这发现可以也为血房间的直接变换便于策略的发展进临床的重要性的房间的另外的类型。 | Xianmei Meng Rui-Jun Su David J Baylink Amanda Neises Jason B Kiroyan Wayne Yuk-Wai Lee Kimberly J Payne Daila S Gridley Jun Wang K-H William Lau Gang Li Xiao-Bing Zhang | 2013 | Cell Research2013，23，5： | 2 |
| 14 | Exenatide once weekly versus twice daily for the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority study显示文摘 | Daniel J Drucker John B Buse Kristin Taylor David M Kendall Michael Trautmann Dongliang Zhuang Lisa Porter | 2008 | The Lancet2008，，9645： | 2 |
| 15 | The role of ischemic preconditioning in the recruitment of rolling and adherent leukocytes in hepatic venules after ischemia/reperfusion显示文摘 | David E Sawaya J R Mark B | 1999 | J Surg Research1999，8，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Simultaneous measurement of phytoplanktonic primary production,nutrient and light availability along a turbid,eutrophic UK east coast estuary(the Colne Estuary)显示文摘 | ESRA K GRAHAM J C U DAVID B N | 2002 | Marine Ecology Progress Series2002，231，： | 1 |
| 17 | Polymeric immuno- globulin receptor in intestinal immune defense against the lumen- dwelling protozoan parasite Giardia显示文摘 | DAVIDS B J PALM J E HOUSLEY M P | 2006 | J Immunol2006，177，： | 1 |
| 18 | Modeling the role of irrigation in winter wheat yield,crop water productivi-ty, and production in China 显示文摘 | Liu J G David Wiberg Alexander J B | 2007 | Irrigation Science2007，26，： | 1 |
| 19 | Rules, discretion and reputation in a model of monetary policy 显示文摘 | R-O'BERT J BARRO DAVID B GORDON | 1983 | Journal of Monetary Eeonmics1983，，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Negative pH and extremely acidic mine waters from ironmountain, Califomia显示文摘 | DARRELL K N CHARLES N A CAROL J P DAVID W B | 2000 | Environmental Science and Technology2000，34，： | 1 |
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