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| 1 | Toxic Effects of Three Heavy Metallic Ions on Rana zhenhaiensis Tadpoles显示文摘Heavy metal pollution is widespread in some areas of China and results in contamination of land, water, and air with which all living organisms interact. In this study, we used three heavy metallic ions(Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) to assess their toxicity effects on mortality, blood biomarker and growth traits(body length and body mass) of Rana zhenhaiensis tadpoles. The results showed that the toxicity levels of the three metallic ions were different when conducted with different experiment designs. For acute toxicity tests, Cu2+ was the most toxic with the highest tadpole mortality. The mortalities of tadpoles showed significant differences among the treatments at the same exposure time endpoints(24, 48, 72 and 96h). Results from repeated measures ANOVA indicated that metallic ion concentration, exposure time and their interactions significantly affected the mortalities of R. zhenhaiensis tadpoles. Also, the toxicity effects of all binary combinations of the three metallic ion treatments showed synergism. The half lethal concentrations(LC50) decreased with increasing exposure time during the experimental period, and the safe concentration(SC) values of Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ were different from each other. Combined and compared LC50 values with previous data reported, it is suggestes that the toxicity levels of metal pollution to anuran tadpoles should be species-and age-related. For blood biomarker tests, Zn2+ was the most toxic with the highest total frequencies of abnormal erythrocytic nucleus. All three metallic ions caused higher abnormal erythrocytic nucleus compared with control groups. In a chronic toxicity test, Pb2+ was the most toxic with lowest growth traits. Survival rate(except for 18 days), total body length and body mass showed significant differences among the treatments. These findings indicated that tadpoles of R. zhenhaiensis should be as a bioindicator of heavy metals pollution. | Li WEI Guohua DING Sainan GUO Meiling TONG Wenjun CHEN Jon FLANDERS Weiwei SHAO Zhihua LIN | 2015 | Asian Herpetological Research2015，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | 拿准忠诚度的尺子显示文摘员工忠诚度已经成为大企业CEO和董事会最为关心的问题了。但是什么是忠诚度以及如何测量忠诚度,却令很多人力资源总监感到棘手。 | Scott Flander 潇萌(编译) | 2008 | 中外管理2008，，4： | 3 |
| 3 | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: epidemiology and genetics 显示文摘 | FLANDERS TY FOULKES WD | 1996 | J Med Genet1996，33，11： | 2 |
| 4 | Whole brain radiation therapy with or without stereotactic radiosurgery boost for patients with one to three brain metastases: phase III results of the RTOG 9508 randomised trial显示文摘 | David W Andrews Charles B Scott Paul W Sperduto Adam E Flanders Laurie E Gaspar Michael C Schell Maria Werner-Wasik William Demas Janice Ryu Jean-Paul Bahary Luis Souhami Marvin Rotman Minesh P Mehta Walter J Curran | 2004 | The Lancet . 2004 (9422)2004，，9422： | 2 |
| 5 | Successful treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with transforming growth factor β1 显示文摘 | Johns L D Flanders K C Ranges G E | 1991 | J Immunol1991，147，： | 1 |
| 6 | Cellular location of transforming growth factor β1 expression in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis显示文摘 | Kathleen C Flander S | 1995 | Am J Pathol1995，147，： | 1 |
| 7 | Serun TSH, T4, and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES Ⅲ)显示文摘 | Hollowell JG Staehling NW' Flanders WD | 2002 | J Clin Endocrinol Metab2002，87，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Smad3 as a mediator of the fibrotic response显示文摘 | Flanders K C | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 9 | Transforming growth factor beta:muhifunctional regulator of differentiation and development显示文摘 | Robert AB Flanders KC Heine UI | 1990 | Philos Trans R Soc Loud B Biol Sci1990，327，1239： | 1 |
| 10 | Gradual molding of the hand to object contours 显示文摘 | SANTELLO M FLANDERS M SOECHTING J F | 1998 | The Journal of Neuroscience1998，79，3： | 1 |
| 11 | MRI and angiographic diagnosis of lupus cerebral vasculitis显示文摘 | Liem MD Gzesh DT Flanders AE | 1996 | Neuroradiology1996，38，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Diagnosis and surgical management of strabismus associated with thyroid-related orbitopathy 显示文摘 | Flanders M Hastings M | 1997 | J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strab1997，34，： | 1 |
| 13 | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma:epidemiology and genetics显示文摘 | Flanders TY Foulkes WD | 1996 | J Med Genet1996，33，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Cellular localization of transforming growth factor-beta expression in bleomycirc-Induced pulmonary fibrosis 显示文摘 | Zhang K Flanders KC Phan SH | 1995 | Am J Pathol1995，147，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Trainee report dashboard:tool for enhancing feedback to radiology trainees about their re-ports显示文摘 | Gomiak RJ Flanders AE Sharpe RE Jr | 2013 | Radiographics2013，33，7： | 1 |
| 16 | The impact of excess heat events in Maricopa County, Arizona: 2000–2005显示文摘 | Fuyuen Y. Yip W. Dana Flanders Amy Wolkin David Engelthaler William Humble Antonio Neri Lauren Lewis Lorraine Backer Carol Rubin | 2008 | International Journal of Biometeorology2008，，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Injury of the Posterior Ligamentous Complex of the Thoracolumbar Spine: A Prospective Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging显示文摘 | Alexander R. Vaccaro Jeffrey A. Rihn Davor Saravanja David G. Anderson Alan S. Hilibrand Todd J. Albert Michael G. Fehlings William Morrison Adam E. Flanders John C. France Paul Arnold Paul A. Anderson Brian Friel David Malfair John Street Brian Kwon Scot | 2009 | Spine2009，，23： | 1 |
| 18 | TGF-β1 but not TGF-β2 or TGF-β3 is differentially present in epithelial study显示文摘 | KHALIL N O′CONNOR R N FLANDER K C | 1996 | Am J Resplr Cell Mol Biol1996，14，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Partial third cranial nerve palsy:clinical characteristics and surgical management 显示文摘 | Flanders M Hasan J A1-Mujaini A | 2012 | Can J Ophthalmol2012，47，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Metallic ar- tifacts on MR images of the postoperative spine: reduction with fast spin-echo techniques显示文摘 | Tartaglino LM Flanders AE Vinitski S | 1994 | Radiology1994，190，2： | 1 |
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