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| 1 | Significant association between ABO blood group and pancreatic cancer显示文摘AIM:To evaluate whether the ABO blood group is related to pancreatic cancer risk in the general population of the United States.METHODS:Using the University of Pittsburgh's clinicalpancreatic cancer registry,the blood donor database from our local blood bank (Central Blood Bank),and the blood product recipient database from the regional transfusion service (Centralized Transfusion Service) in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,we identified 274 pancreatic cancer patients with previously determined serological ABO blood group information.The ABO blood group frequency was compared between these patients and 708842 individual,community-based blood donors who had made donations to Pittsburgh's Central Blood Bank between 1979 and 2009.RESULTS:The frequency of blood group A was statistically significantly higher amongst pancreatic cancer patients compared to its frequency amongst the regional blood donors [47.63% vs 39.10%,odds ratio (OR)=1.43,P=0.004].Conversely,the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower amongst pancreatic cancer patients relative to the community blood donors (32.12% vs 43.99%,OR=0.60,P=0.00007).There were limited blood group B (n=38) and AB (n=17) pancreatic cancer patients;the overall P trend value comparing patient to donor blood groups was 0.001.CONCLUSION:The ABO blood group is associated with pancreatic cancer risk.Future studies should examine the mechanism linking pancreatic cancer risk to ABO blood group. | Julia B Greer Mark H Yazer Jay S Raval M Michael Barmada Randall E Brand David C Whitcomb | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，44： | 10 |
| 2 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 3 | Less common etiologies of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency显示文摘Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency(EPI), an important cause of maldigestion and malabsorption, results from primary pancreatic diseases or secondarily impaired exocrine pancreatic function. Besides cystic fibrosis and chronic pancreatitis, the most common etiologies of EPI, other causes of EPI include unresectable pancreatic cancer, metabolic diseases(diabetes); impaired hormonal stimulation of exocrine pancreatic secretion by cholecystokinin(CCK); celiac or inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) due to loss of intestinal brush border proteins; and gastrointestinal surgery(asynchrony between motor and secretory functions, impaired enteropancreatic feedback, and inadequate mixing of pancreatic secretions with food). This paper reviews such conditions that have less straightforward associations with EPI and examines the role of pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy(PERT). Relevant literature was identified by database searches. Most patients with inoperable pancreatic cancer develop EPI(66%-92%). EPI occurs in patients with type 1(26%-57%) or type 2 diabetes(20%-36%) and is typically mild to moderate; by definition, all patients with type 3 c(pancreatogenic) diabetes have EPI. EPI occurs in untreated celiac disease(4%-80%), but typically resolves on a gluten-free diet. EPI manifests in patients with IBD(14%-74%) and up to 100% of gastrointestinal surgery patients(47%-100%; dependent on surgical site). With the paucity of published studies on PERT use for these conditions, recommendations for or against PERT use remain ambiguous. The authors conclude that there is an urgent need to conduct robust clinical studies to understand the validity and nature of associations between EPI and medical conditions beyond those with proven mechanisms, and examine the potential role for PERT. | Vikesh K Singh Mark E Haupt David E Geller Jerry A Hall Pedro M Quintana Diez | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，39： | 5 |
| 4 | 1989-1994年中国脊髓灰质炎病毒的分子流行病学显示文摘1989~1994年中国发生的脊髓灰质炎流行,疫情开始集中于华东、中南地区,后期趋于南部沿海一带。对近百份来自18个省、市、自治区脊灰病毒流行期间标本的分子生物学特征分析,发现流行主要由脊灰病毒Ⅰ型野毒株引起,未发现Ⅱ型野毒株,但1993年在新疆分离到1株Ⅲ型野毒株。Ⅰ型野毒株中共存在4个基因型病毒,其中CHNP1-R91型病毒为这几年流行中新产生的重组病毒,在VP1/2A区含有一段疫苗株序列,另一段野毒株序列很可能来自CHNP1-JX89型病毒。这两个基因型病毒分布在全国大部份地区。病毒核酸的亲缘关系研究还证明,92~94年流行在南方沿海一带的脊髓灰质炎,主要由91年产生的重组病毒引起。此研究揭示了各地区、各基因型病毒与疫情之间的流行病学关系及传播模式。 | 郑渡平 张礼璧 侯晓辉 朱宏 Mac Otten David R Kilpatnck Mark Pallansch Olen M Kew | 1995 | 病毒学报1995，11，4： | 4 |
| 5 | Effect of graft source on unrelated donor haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation in adults with acute leukaemia: a retrospective analysis显示文摘 | Mary Eapen Vanderson Rocha Guillermo Sanz Andromachi Scaradavou Mei-Jie Zhang William Arcese Anne Sirvent Richard E Champlin Nelson Chao Adrian P Gee Luis Isola Mary J Laughlin David I Marks Samir Nabhan Annalisa Ruggeri Robert Soiffer Mary M Horowitz Eli | 2010 | Lancet Oncology2010，，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Advanced glycation end-products induce vascular dysfunction via resistance to nitric oxide and suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase显示文摘 | Aino Soro-Paavonen Wei-Zeng Zhang Kylie Venardos Melinda T Coughlan Emma Harris David CK Tong Daniella Brasacchio Karri Paavonen Jaye Chin-Dusting Mark E Cooper David Kaye Merlin C Thomas Josephine M Forbes | 2010 | Journal of Hypertension2010，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Bis(oxazoline)-copper complexes as chiral catalysts for the enantioselective aziridination of olefins 显示文摘 | DAVID A EVANS MARGARET M MARK T | 1993 | J Am Chem Soc1993，115，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Creating safer workplaces: assessing the determinants and role of safety climate 显示文摘 | DAVID M D BRYAN S S MARK G W | 2004 | Journal of Safety Research2004，35，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Application of the analytical hierarchy process to establish health care waste management systems that minimise infection risks in developing countries 显示文摘 | Alan C Brent David E C Rogers Tsaletseng S M Ramabitsa-Siimane Mark B Rohwer | 2007 | European Journal of Operational Research 1812007，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Extraction of membrane proteins by differential solubilization for separation using twodimensional gel electrophoresis显示文摘 | Mark P M Herbert B R David J L | 1998 | Electrophoresis1998，19，： | 1 |
| 11 | Putting core competency thinking into practice 显示文摘 | MARK R GALLON HAROLD M STILLMAN DAVID COATES | 1995 | Research Technology Management1995，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Oral combination therapy with a nucleoside polymerase inhibitor (RG7128) and danoprevir for chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 infection (INFORM-1): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial显示文摘 | Edward J Gane Stuart K Roberts Catherine AM Stedman Peter W Angus Brett Ritchie Rob Elston David Ipe Peter N Morcos Linda Baher Isabel Najera Tom Chu Uri Lopatin M Michelle Berrey William Bradford Mark Laughlin Nancy S Shulman Patrick F Smith | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9751： | 1 |
| 13 | Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms显示文摘 | Winker David M Vaughan Mark A Omar Ali Hu Yongxiang Powell Kathleen A Liu Zhaoyan Hunt William H Young Stuart A | 2009 | Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology2009，，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication: 2-year Results from the Prospective Multicenter U.S. Study显示文摘 | Bell Reginald C W Barnes William E Carter Bart J Sewell Robert W Mavrelis Peter G Ihde Glenn M Hoddinott Kevin M Fox Mark A Freeman Katherine D Gunsberger Tanja Hausmann Mark G Dargis David Gill Brian DaCosta Wilson Erik Trad Karim S | 2014 | The American Surgeon2014，，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Non-line-ofsight single-scatter propagation model显示文摘 | MARK R L JEFFREY H S DAVID M R | 1991 | Journal Optical Society of America1991，8，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of alteplase beyond 3 h after stroke in the Echoplanar Imaging Thrombolytic Evaluation Trial (EPITHET): a placebo-controlled randomised trial显示文摘 | Stephen M Davis Geoffrey A Donnan Mark W Parsons Christopher Levi Kenneth S Butcher Andre Peeters P Alan Barber Christopher Bladin Deidre A De Silva Graham Byrnes Jonathan B Chalk John N Fink Thomas E Kimber David Schultz Peter J Hand Judith Frayne Graeme | 2008 | Lancet Neurology2008，，4： | 1 |
| 17 | A structural model for maize zein proteins 显示文摘 | Patrick Argos Karl Pedersen M David Marks | 1982 | The Journal of Biological Chemistry1982，257，17： | 1 |
| 18 | Trends in fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from bacteremias,England and Wales 显示文摘 | David M L Dorothy J Mark R etal | 2002 | Emerg Infect Dis2002，8，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Calculation and electronic deseription of quadratic hyperpolarizabilities toward a molecular understanding of NLO responses in organotransition metal chromophores显示文摘 | David R K Mark A R Tobin J M | 1992 | J Am Chem Soc1992，，10： | 1 |
| 20 | The Si cycle in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean: seasonal diatom production in the surface layer and export to the deep sea显示文摘 | Daniel E Sigmon David M Nelson Mark A Brzezinski | 2002 | Deep-Sea Research Part II2002，，9： | 1 |
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