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| 1 | Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver injury显示文摘AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit.METHODS: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver injury in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver injury attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver injury was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver injury and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver injury. The fourth patient died from sepsis and liver failure precipitated as a result of hepatitis E infection and previously undiagnosed cirrhosis. Histopathology data to date is limited to mainly that seen for endemic HepE. All patients, with the exception of patient 1, demonstrated characteristics of HepE infection, as seen in previously described locally acquired cases.CONCLUSION: In patients with acute severe liver injury, HEV testing should be part of the initial diagnostic investigation algorithm irrespective of suspected initial diagnosis, age or travel history. | Claire Louise Crossan Kenneth J Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy Janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 4 |
| 2 | Focused-flow model of relativistic diodes显示文摘 | Goldstein S A Davidson R C Siambis J G | 1974 | PhysRev Lett1974，33，25： | 2 |
| 3 | Altered retinoblastoma protein expression and prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma 显示文摘 | Xu H J Quinlan D C Davidson A G | 1994 | J Natl Cancer Inst1994，86，9： | 1 |
| 4 | Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal trans- duction 显示文摘 | Davidson G Wu W Shen J | 2005 | Nature2005，438，7069： | 1 |
| 5 | Nitrogen leac- hing in Berrndagrass turf显示文摘 | Synder G H Burt E O Davidson J M | 1981 | Turfgrass Society1981，107，： | 1 |
| 6 | Detection of specific and constitutive antibody secreting cells in the gills, head kidney and peripheral blood leucocytes of dab (Limanda limanda)显示文摘 | Davidson G A Lin S H Secombes C J | 1997 | Vet Immunol Immuno- pathol1997，58，34： | 1 |
| 7 | The cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and dendritic cell-iduced T cell polarization显示文摘 | DAVIDSON D J CURRIE A J REID G S | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 8 | A mechanics-based computer algorithm for displaying the margin of static stability in four-legged vehicles 显示文摘 | Davidson J K Schweitzer G | 1990 | Journal of Mechanical Design1990，112，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Diagnosis and treatment of familial hypercholesterolaemia 显示文摘 | Hovingh G K Davidson M H Kastelein J J P | 2013 | European heart journal2013，34，13： | 1 |
| 10 | Nickel compounds act through phosphatidylinositol - 3 - kinase/Akt - dependent, pTOS6k - independent pathway to induce hypoxia inducible factor transactivation and Cap43 expression in mouse epidermal C141 cells显示文摘 | Li J Davidson G Huang Y | 2004 | Cancer Res2004，64，： | 1 |
| 11 | The cationic antimicrobial peptide LL-37 modulates dendritic cell differentiation and dendritic cell-induced T cell polarization显示文摘 | Davidson D J Currie A J Reid G S | 2004 | J Immunol2004，172，： | 1 |
| 12 | Effective rating scale development for speaking tests : Performance decision trees显示文摘 | Fulcher G Davidson F & Kemp J | 2011 | Language Testing2011，28，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCBs)in the British environment:Sinks,sources and temporal trends显示文摘 | Harrad S J Sewart A P Alcock R Boumphrey R Burnett V Davidson R D Halsall C Sanders G Waterhouse K | 1994 | Environmental Pollution1994，85，： | 1 |
| 14 | Meristem culture of Catteleya显示文摘 | LINDEMANN E G GUNCKEL J E DAVIDSON O W | 1970 | Amer Orchid Soc Bull1970，39，： | 1 |
| 15 | Wavelet packet division multiplexing and wavelet packet design under timing error effects显示文摘 | Won G K M Wu J Davidson N N | 1997 | IEEE Trans Signal Processing1997，45，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Laboratory and glasshouse evaluation of entomopathogenic fengi against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari : Tetranychidae), on tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum 显示文摘 | Chandler D Davidson G Jacobson R J | 2005 | Biocontrol Science and Technology2005，15，1： | 1 |
| 17 | The Choice of Sensor Type for Electric Field Measurement Applications 显示文摘 | Davidson S J Rawlins P G Jones H | 2006 | Ultra Electronics2006，4，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The power of Bootstrap and asymptotic tests显示文摘 | Davidson R MacKinnon J G | 2006 | Journal of Econometrics2006，133，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Recombinant basic fibroblast growth factor accelerates wound healing显示文摘 | Mcgee G S Davidson J Buckley A | 1988 | J Surg Res1988，45，1： | 1 |
| 20 | A Color- Rendition Chart显示文摘 | MCCAMY C S MARCUS H DAVIDSON J G | 1976 | Journal of Applied Photographic Engineering1976，2，3： | 1 |
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