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| 1 | Molecular mechanisms of liver ischemia reperfusion injury:Insights from transgenic knockout models显示文摘Ischemia reperfusion injury is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation surgery.Understanding the mechanisms of liver ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) and developing strategies to counteract this injury will therefore reduce acute complications in hepatic resection and transplantation,as well as expanding the potential pool of usable donor grafts.The initial liver injury is initiated by reactive oxygen species which cause direct cellular injury and also activate a cascade of molecular mediators leading to microvascular changes,increased apoptosis and acute inflammatory changes with increased hepatocyte necrosis.Some adaptive pathways are activated during reperfusion that reduce the reperfusion injury.IRI involves a complex interplay between neutrophils,natural killer T-cells cells,CD4+ T cell subtypes,cytokines,nitric oxide synthases,haem oxygenase-1,survival kinases such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription,Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/Akt and nuclear factor κβ pathways.Transgenic animals,particularly genetic knockout models,have become a powerful tool at elucidating mechanisms of liver ischaemia reperfusion injury and are complementary to pharmacological studies.Targeted disruption of the protein at the genetic level is more specific and maintained than pharmacological inhibitors or stimulants of the same protein.This article reviews the evidence from knockout models of liver IRI about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver IRI. | Gourab Datta Barry J Fuller Brian R Davidson | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，11： | 50 |
| 2 | Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver injury显示文摘AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit.METHODS: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver injury in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver injury attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver injury was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver injury and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver injury. The fourth patient died from sepsis and liver failure precipitated as a result of hepatitis E infection and previously undiagnosed cirrhosis. Histopathology data to date is limited to mainly that seen for endemic HepE. All patients, with the exception of patient 1, demonstrated characteristics of HepE infection, as seen in previously described locally acquired cases.CONCLUSION: In patients with acute severe liver injury, HEV testing should be part of the initial diagnostic investigation algorithm irrespective of suspected initial diagnosis, age or travel history. | Claire Louise Crossan Kenneth J Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy Janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 4 |
| 3 | Focused-flow model of relativistic diodes显示文摘 | Goldstein S A Davidson R C Siambis J G | 1974 | PhysRev Lett1974，33，25： | 2 |
| 4 | Measuring water quality and predicting well impairment显示文摘 | Barkman J H Davidson D H | 1972 | J Petrol Technol1972，24，6： | 2 |
| 5 | Anticipatory Activation in the Amygdala and Anterior Cingulate in Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Prediction of Treatment Response显示文摘 | Nitschke Jack B Sarinopoulos Issidoros Oathes Desmond J Johnstone Tom Whalen Paul J Davidson Richard J Kalin Ned H | 2009 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2009，，3： | 2 |
| 6 | New-onset diabetes after transplantation: 2003 International Consensus Guidelines 显示文摘 | Davidson J Wilkinson A | 2004 | Diabetes Care2004，27，： | 1 |
| 7 | A model for heap bioleaching of chalcocite with heat balance: mesophiles and moderate thermophiles显示文摘 | Leahy M J Davidson M R Schwarz M P | 2007 | Hyclrometallurgy2007，85，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Prognostic implication of creatine kinase elevation following elective coronary interventions 显示文摘 | Kong TQ Davidson C J Meyers SN et aI | 1997 | JAMA1997，277，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Statement by an American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of Endocrinology consensus panel on type 2 diabetes mellitus:an algorithm for glycemic control显示文摘 | Rodbard HW Jellinger PS Davidson J A | 2009 | Endocr Pract2009，15，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Postprandial hyperglycaemia and cardiovascular complications of diabetes:an update显示文摘 | Davidson J Hanefeld M | 2006 | Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis2006，16，： | 1 |
| 11 | Preceptor use of classroom assessment techniques to stimulate higher-order thinking in the clinical setting显示文摘 | Davidson J E | 2009 | J Contin Educ Nurs2009，40，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Diffusion and chemical activity of Zr-Sn and Zr-Ti systems 显示文摘 | ZEE R H WATTERS J F DAVIDSON R D | 1986 | Physical Review B1986，34，10： | 1 |
| 13 | The Retail Life Cycle显示文摘 | DAVIDSON W R BATES A D BASS S J | 2002 | Retailing:The Evolution and Development of Retailing2002，55，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Inflammatory response in cervical intraepithelial meoplasia and squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix显示文摘 | Davidson B Goldberg I Kopolovic J | 1997 | Pathol Res Praet1997，193，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Altered retinoblastoma protein expression and prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung carcinoma 显示文摘 | Xu H J Quinlan D C Davidson A G | 1994 | J Natl Cancer Inst1994，86，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Application of the biomechanical behavior of cartilage to nasal septoplastic surgery 显示文摘 | Murakami W Wong L Davidson J | 1982 | Laryngoscope1982，92，： | 1 |
| 17 | Improved Artificial Feeding System for Rearing the Whitefly Bemisia argentifolii ( Homoptera: Aleyrodidae ) 显示文摘 | DAVIDSON E W FAY M L BLACKMER J | 2000 | Florida Entomologist2000，83，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Casein kinase 1 gamma couples Wnt receptor activation to cytoplasmic signal trans- duction 显示文摘 | Davidson G Wu W Shen J | 2005 | Nature2005，438，7069： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of atracurium on intraocuiar pressure, eye position, and blood pressure in eucapnic and phyocapnic isoflurane-anes- thetized dogs 显示文摘 | Mcmurphy R M Davidson H J Hodgson D S | 2004 | Am J Vet Res2004，65，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Periodic Solution of a Lotka Voherra Predator-prey Model with Dispersion and Time Delays 显示文摘 | R Xu M A J Chaplain F A Davidson | 2004 | Applied Mathematics and Computation2004，148，： | 1 |
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