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| 1 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 2 | Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement显示文摘 | M Dominici K Le Blanc I Mueller I Slaper-Cortenbach Fc Marini Ds Krause Rj Deans A Keating Dj Prockop Em Horwitz | 2006 | Cytotherapy2006，，4： | 11 |
| 3 | Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement显示文摘 | M Dominici K Le Blanc I Mueller I Slaper-Cortenbach Fc Marini Ds Krause Rj Deans A Keating Dj Prockop Em Horwitz | 2006 | Cytotherapy2006，，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Relationship between oxidative stress and hepatic glutathione levels in ethanol-mediated apoptosis of polarized hepatic cells显示文摘AIM:To investigate the role of reactive oxygen species(ROS) in ethanol-mediated cell death of polarized hepatic(WIF-B) cells.METHODS:In this work,WIF-B cultures were treated with pyrazole(inducer of cytochrome P4502E1,CYP2E1) and/or L-buthionine sulfoximine(BSO),a known inhibitor of hepatic glutathione(GSH),followed by evaluation of ROS production,antioxidant levels,and measures of cell injury(apoptosis and necrosis).RESULTS:The results revealed that ethanol treatment alone caused a significant two-fold increase in the activation of caspase-3 as well as a similar doubling in ROS.When the activity of the CYP2E1 was increased by pyrazole pretreatment,an additional two-fold elevation in ROS was detected.However,the CYP2E1-related ROS elevation was not accompanied with a correlative increase in apoptotic cell injury,but rather was found to be associated with an increase in necrotic cell death.Interestingly,when the thiol status of the cells was manipulated using BSO,the ethanol-induced activation of caspase-3 was abrogated.Additionally,ethanol-treated cells displayed enhanced susceptibility to Fas-mediated apoptosis that was blocked by GSH depletion as a result of diminished caspase-8 activity.CONCLUSION:Apoptotic cell death induced as a consequence of ethanol metabolism is not completely dependent upon ROS status but is dependent on sustained GSH levels. | Benita L McVicker Pamela L Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda Serene ML Lee Dean J Tuma | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 5 |
| 5 | Clarification of the nomenclature for MSC: The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement显示文摘 | EM Horwitz K Le Blanc M Dominici I Mueller I Slaper-Cortenbach FC Marini RJ Deans DS Krause A Keating | 2005 | Cytotherapy2005，，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Prolonged feeding with guanidinoacetate, a methyl group consumer, exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury显示文摘AIM To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to guanidinoacetate(GAA, a potent methyl-group consumer) either alone or combined with ethanol intake for a prolonged period of time would cause more advanced liver pathology thus identifying methylation defects as the initiator and stimulator for progressive liver damage.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were fed the control or ethanolLieber De Carli diet in the absence or presence of GAA supplementation. At the end of 6 wk of the feeding regimen, various biochemical and histological analyses were conducted. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, we observed that GAA treatment alone resulted in a histologically normal liver without evidence of hepatosteatosis despite persistence of some abnormal biochemical parameters. This protection could result from the generation of creatine from the ingested GAA. Ethanol treatment for 6 wk exhibited changes in liver methionine metabolism and persistence of histological and biochemical defects as reported before. Further, when the rats were fed the GAA-supplemented ethanol diet, similar histological and biochemical changes as observed after 2 wk of combined treatment, including inflammation, macroand micro-vesicular steatosis and a marked decrease in the methylation index were noted. In addition, rats on the combined treatment exhibited increased liver toxicity and even early fibrotic changes in a subset of animals in this group. The worsening liver pathology could be related to the profound reduction in the hepatic methylation index, an increased accumulation of GAA and the inability of creatine generated to exert its hepato-protective effects in the setting of ethanol.CONCLUSION To conclude, prolonged exposure to a methyl consumer superimposed on chronic ethanol consumption causes persistent and pronounced liver damage. | Natalia A Osna Dan Feng Murali Ganesan Priya F Maillacheruvu David J Orlicky Samuel W French Dean J Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，38： | 2 |
| 7 | T cell responses to allogeneic human mesenchymal stem cells: immunogenicity, tolerance, and suppression显示文摘 | Elena Klyushnenkova Joseph D Mosca Valentina Zernetkina Manas K Majumdar Kirstin J Beggs Donald W Simonetti Robert J Deans Kevin R McIntosh | 2005 | Journal of Biomedical Science2005，，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Condensation heat transfer within horizontal tubes显示文摘 | Akers W W Deans H A Crosser O K | 1959 | Chemical En- gineering Progress Symposium Series1959，55，29： | 1 |
| 9 | Non-ionlc, poly(ethylene oxide)-based surfactants as intercalants/dispersants/exfoliants for poly(propylene)-clay nanocomposites 显示文摘 | Mead G Dean K Edmond L | 2006 | Macromol Mater Eng2006，291，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Increasing the efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents used in the treatment of sepsis显示文摘 | Minneci P Deans K Natauson C | 2003 | Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis2003，22，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Modelling of springback in creepforming thick aluminum sheets 显示文摘 | Ho K C Lin J Dean T A | 2004 | International Journal ofPlasticity2004，20，： | 1 |
| 12 | The potential of sustainable algal biofuel production using wastewater re- sources 显示文摘 | Pittman J K Dean A P Osundeko O | 2011 | Bioresour Technol2011，102，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Lagrange's equations for complex bond graph systems显示文摘 | DEAN K | 1977 | Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control Transactions of ASME1977，99，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors in nonerosive reflux disease显示文摘 | Dean BB Gano AD Jr Knight K | 2004 | Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol2004，2，8： | 1 |
| 15 | In Situ generation of palladium nanoparticles:A simple and highly active protocol for oxygen-pro- moted ligand-free Suzuki coupling reaction of aryl chlorides显示文摘 | CHO J K NAJMAN R DEAN T | 2007 | American Ceramic Society Bulletin2007，9，40： | 1 |
| 16 | In- fluence of hydrology on rainfall-runoff metal element speciation 显示文摘 | DEAN C M SANSALONE J J CARTLEDGE F K | 2005 | Journal of Environmental Engineering2005，131，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Stress analysis of drillstring threaded connections using the finite element method显示文摘 | MACDONALD K A DEANS W F | 1995 | Engineering Failure Analysis1995，2，1： | 1 |
| 18 | The role of implants surface characteristics in the healing of bone 显示文摘 | Kieswetter K Schwarts Z Dean DD | 1996 | Crit Rev Oral Biol Med1996，7，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Municipal landfill biodegradation and settlement Wall 显示文摘 | DEAN K ZEISS | 1995 | Journal of Environmental Engineering1995，121，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Syntheses,calcium channel modulation effects,and nitric oxide releasing studies of O2-alkyl-1-(pyrrolidin)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitropyridine-5-carboxylates显示文摘 | CARLOS V DEAN V EDWARDS E K | 2003 | Drug Dev Res2003，60，3： | 1 |
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