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| 1 | 癌症治疗的靶点——酪氨酸激酶显示文摘蛋白酪氨酸激酶家族(TKs)催化磷酸从ATP转移至多肽链酪氨酸残基上.人类基因组包括了90个TK和43个类似TK的基因,这些基因的产物调节细胞的增生、存活、分化、功能和运动.早在25年前,在逆转录病毒诱导产生的动物肿瘤中,就认为TKs可能是癌基因.然而,因为仅有极少的证据说明其在人类癌症中发挥始动作用,并且考虑到药物的特异性和毒性,所以在开发癌症治疗药物时被忽视了.但随着TK融合蛋白BCR-ABL抑制剂甲磺酸伊马替尼(imatinib mesylate,商品名为格列卫)在慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)中的成功应用,TKs的前景发生了根本的改变.现在认为TKs是癌症化疗很好的靶点.本文综述了TKs靶向治疗癌症的情况,并探讨了其面临的挑战和将来的发展前景. | Krause DS Van Etten RA 黄艳 | 2005 | 中国处方药2005，，10： | 45 |
| 2 | 中文文本关键词自动抽取方法研究显示文摘随着信息技术的发展,中文电子文本信息资源正以惊人的速度急剧增长。文本自动处理技术,通过自动组织海量文献信息资源,能够为用户提供简易有效的信息检索服务。关键词自动抽取是文本自动处理的基础和核心。汉语的特殊性加剧了中文文本关键词自动抽取的难度。本文提出了一种基于N-gram权重计算和关键词筛选算法的中文文本关键词自动抽取方法。该方法不依赖特定的数据集和中文分词技术,可以有效地抽取出任意单篇文本的关键词,而且通过参数调整,应用系统可以灵活地控制标引深度和标引专指度。实验表明,该方法简单、快速、断词错误率低,标引性能明显优于基于中文分词和TF/IDF的方法,可以满足大规模文本的在线处理要求。 | 张雪英 Jǔrgen Krause | 2008 | 情报学报2008，27，4： | 13 |
| 3 | Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement显示文摘 | M Dominici K Le Blanc I Mueller I Slaper-Cortenbach Fc Marini Ds Krause Rj Deans A Keating Dj Prockop Em Horwitz | 2006 | Cytotherapy2006，，4： | 11 |
| 4 | 体素模型表面优化提取方法及图形显示显示文摘三维体数据的显示方法有2种:直接体绘制方法和间接体绘制方法.本文首先比较了这2种体数据显示方法的优缺点,然后介绍了基于渐进立方体(Marching Cubes)方法的间接体绘制方法.根据压缩形式的体素模型特点,提出了一种新的体素模型表面三角网格提取优化算法,该算法利用材料变化信息直接在位于物体表面的体素模型中提取表面三角网格,与传统的Marching Cubes算法相比,该算法不仅可以跨越物体外部全空的体素,还可以跨越位于物体内部全实的体素.该方法在基于Voxel模型的五坐标数控加工仿真系统中得到了应用,测试结果表明,采用该方法提取体素模型表面三角网格时可以提高效率2~3倍. | 侯增选 张定华 杨海成 王增强 F.-L. Krause 高新瑞 | 2005 | 机械科学与技术2005，24，3： | 11 |
| 5 | Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement显示文摘 | M Dominici K Le Blanc I Mueller I Slaper-Cortenbach Fc Marini Ds Krause Rj Deans A Keating Dj Prockop Em Horwitz | 2006 | Cytotherapy2006，，4： | 9 |
| 6 | Testicular expression of survivin and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)associated with spermatogenic function in infertile patients显示文摘瞄准:与改变精子发生的功能在人的睾丸描绘 survivin, apoptosis (国际星际航空联合会) 的一个禁止者,和人的 telomerase 颠倒 transcriptase (hTERT ) 的 coexpression。方法:survivin mRNA 和 hTERT mRNA 的抄本层次用即时反向抄写的聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) 与有缺点的精子发生(n=28 ) 在正常睾丸(n=11 ) 和睾丸被决定。组织学的病情的检查根据一个修改 Johnsen 分数被执行。结果:survivin 和 hTERT 的表情在正常精子发生在 96.8 和 709 的中部的层次是最高的并且随减数分裂后精子发生的拘捕(n=10 ) 在睾丸落下到 53.3 和 534。在严重精子发生的失败( n=18 ), survivin 表示缺乏大多数标本( n=16 ),而阴囊的 hTERT 表示的至少底层在 premeiotic 精子发生的拘捕( n=7 )与 73 的规范的表情大部分是可检测的并且 45 在有 Sertoli 房间唯一的症候群( SCOS )( n=3 )的病人。survivin 和 hTERT 表情与一个进行的 Johnsen 分数(为 trend=0.001 的 P ) 增加了。结论:尽管 survivin 和 hTERT 与精子发生的功能被相关,他们在不肥沃的病人的睾丸显示出不同表示模式。这些调查结果在在 meiotically 划分生殖细胞建议 survivin 的占优势的表情的啮齿类动物睾丸从研究证实结果。 | Steffen Weikert Frank Christoph Wolfgang Schulze Hans Krause Carsten Kempkensteffen Martin Schostak Kurt Miller Mark Schrader | 2006 | Asian Journal of Andrology2006，8，1： | 8 |
| 7 | Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas显示文摘During the last 100 years in medical literature,there are only 54 reports,including the report of Pasaoglu et al(World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:2915-2916),with clinical descriptions of agenesis of the dorsal pancreas in humans.Agenesis of the dorsal pancreas,a rare congenital pancreatic malformation,is associated with some other medical conditions such as hyperglycemia,abdominal pain,pancreatitis and a few other diseases.In approximately 50% of reported patients with this congenital malformation,hyperglycemia was demonstrated.Evaluation of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus in all patients with agenesis of the dorsal pancreas including description of fasting blood glucose,oral glucose tolerance test,glycated hemoglobin and medical treatment would be a future goal.Since autosomal dominant transmission has been suggested in single families,more family studies including imaging technologies with demonstration of the pancreatic duct system are needed for evaluation of this disease.With this letter to the editor,we aim to increase available information for the better understanding of this rare disease. | Wolfgang J Schnedl Claudia Piswanger-Soelkner Sandra J Wallner Robert Krause Rainer W Lipp | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，3： | 7 |
| 8 | Preassembly and ligand-induced restructuring of the chains of the IFN-γ receptor complex: the roles of Jak kinases, Statl and the receptor chains显示文摘 | Christopher D Krause Natasha Lavnikova Junxia Xie Erwen Mei Olga V Mirochnitchenko Yiwei Jia Robin M Hochstrasser Sidney Pestka | 2006 | Cell Research2006，16，1： | 7 |
| 9 | 粗糙集分类算法中的近似决策规则和规则匹配方法显示文摘粗糙集分类算法在应用标准决策规则进行新对象分类时,经常碰到决策规则与新对象不完全匹配的情况。因此,近似决策规则和部分匹配方法常用于提高决策规则与新对象匹配的可能性。本文在概述和比较两种近似决策规则生成算法的基础上,以一个文本分类系统为例,提出了一种综合的、更有效的近似决策规则生成算法。文章还介绍了几种通用的规则匹配方法,提出了一系列实用的完全匹配和部分匹配公式。实验表明,新提出的近似决策规则生成算法和规则匹配公式能够有效地提高决策规则与新对象的匹配可能性与准确性。 | 张雪英 刘凤玉 Jurgen Krause | 2005 | 计算机科学2005，32，6： | 7 |
| 10 | 颗粒物质控制膜污染的增强型膜生物反应器工艺的研究显示文摘用于废水处理的膜生物反应器工艺(MBR),是指通过膜过滤实现活性污泥与产水的分离的新型生化法处理废水技术.由于MBR具有占地面积小和出水水质好的优点,膜生物反应器成功应用到废水处理中的案例正在迅速增加.膜污染是MBR废水处理工艺面临的主要问题之一.膜污染会导致膜的渗透性能降低,为此必须通过化学清洗才能恢复膜的性能.为了实现无化学清洗的MBR工艺,研究使用持续物理冲刷去除膜污染层的方法.在活性污泥中加入颗粒物质(粉料),通过这些颗粒物质的持续冲刷作用实现去除膜污染层的目的.经过8个多月的实验,膜组件的渗透性能保持不变,通量可以达到40 L/(m2.h)以上.系统安装了在线的浊度仪作为产水质量的检测,在试验过程中,浊度始终没有变化.作为对比,同时也进行了一个参照实验(MBR标准工艺,没有加入颗粒物质),实验结果表明,传统的MBR工艺的膜组件渗透性能会不断下降导致通量下降,需要进行化学清洗.新型MBR工艺高通量和无需化学清洗的优势,将极大地提高MBR工艺的成本效益. | Stefan Krause 学贤 董正军 Hans Joerg Heckmann | 2010 | 膜科学与技术2010，30，2： | 7 |
| 11 | 雌激素神经保护作用机制:线粒体功能的调节显示文摘大量研究表明雌激素具有神经保护作用,但其机制尚不清楚。近年来研究提示,雌激素的神经保护作用与线粒体有着密切联系。线粒体是细胞内能量和活性氧自由基(ROS)的主要来源,对细胞内信号转导、细胞存活与死亡调节等具有十分重要的影响。在生理和病理条件下,雌激素可多方面调节线粒体功能,包括影响ATP与ROS的生成、稳定线粒体膜电位、维护细胞内钙稳态,以及调节线粒体基因和蛋白表达等。本文主要从线粒体角度综述了雌激素神经保护作用及其机制。 | 郭家彬 铁璐 Diana N Krause Sue P Duckles 李学军 | 2010 | 生理科学进展2010，41，3： | 7 |
| 12 | Perioperative management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘A multidisciplinary approach is required to care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in the perioperative period.In preparation for surgery,patients must have a cardiovascular risk assessment performed due to the high risk of heart disease in patients with RA.Treatment of RA is with immunomodulatory medications,which present unique challenges for the perioperative period.Currently,there is no consensus on how to manage disease modifying antirheumatic drug(DMARD)therapy in the perioperative setting.Much of the data to guide therapy is based on retrospective cohort data.Choices regarding DMARDs require an individualized approach with collaboration between surgeons and rheumatologists.Consensus regarding biologic therapy is to hold the therapy in the perioperative period with the length of time dictated by the half-life of the medication.Special attention is required at the time of surgery for potential need for stress dose steroids.Further,there must be close communication with anesthesiologists in terms of airway management particularly in light of the risk for cervical spine disease.There are no consensus guidelines regarding the requirement for cervical spine radiographs prior to surgery.However,history and exam alone cannot be relied upon toidentify cervical spine disease.Patients with RA who undergo joint replacement arthroplasty are at higher risk for infection and dislocation compared to patients with osteoarthritis,necessitating particular vigilance in postoperative follow up.This review summarizes available evidence regarding perioperative management of patients with RA. | Megan L Krause Eric L Matteson | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，3： | 6 |
| 13 | Determination of glycated hemoglobin in patients with advanced liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determination methods and to determine fructosamine in patients with chronic hepatitis, compensated cirrhosis and in patients with chronic hepatitis treated with ribavirin.METHODS: HbA1c values were determined in 15 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis using the ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography and the immunoassay methods. Fructosamine was determined using nitroblue tetrazolium.RESULTS: Forty percent of patients with liver cirrhosis had HbA1c results below the non-diabetic reference range by at least one HbA1c method, while fructosamine results were either within the reference range or elevated. Twenty percent of patients with chronic hepatitis (hepatic fibrosis) had HbA~ results below the non-diabetic reference range by at least one HbA~ method. In patients with chronic hepatitis treated with ribavirin, 50% of HbA^c results were below the non-diabetic reference using at least one of the HbA1c methods.CONCLUSION: Only evaluated in context with all liverfunction parameters as well as a red blood count includingreticulocytes, HbA1c results should be used in patients withadvanced liver disease. HbA1c and fructosamine measurements should be used with caution when evaluating long-term glucose control in patients with hepatic cirrhosis or in patients with chronic hepatitis and ribavirin treatment. | Theresa Lahousen Karin Hegenbarth Rottraut Ille Rainer W.Lipp Robert Krause Randie R. Little Wolfgang J.Schnedl | 2004 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2004，10，15： | 5 |
| 14 | Product Variability of the ‘Cineole Cassette' Monoterpene Synthases of Related Nicotiana Species显示文摘 | Anke Fahnrich Katrin Krause Birgit Piechulla | 2011 | Molecular Plant2011，4，6： | 4 |
| 15 | Establishing a new technique of laparoscopic pelvic and para -aortic iymphadenectomy显示文摘 | Itgassen C Possover M Krause N | 2000 | Obstet Gynecol2000，95，3： | 4 |
| 16 | 基于压缩体素模型的鼓形刀空间扫描体构造方法及其应用显示文摘首先给出了鼓形刀空间扫描体构造公式并构造出其表面模型,利用Ray Casting方法将该表面模型进行离散,转化为压缩体素模型,该模型采用沿X,Y,Z3个坐标轴方向相互垂直的Dexel模型表示,各个Dexel模型之间按体素模型大小均匀分布.刀具空间扫描体模型和仿真工件模型之间的布尔运算转化为Dexel模型之间的一维布尔运算,简化了布尔操作并提高了操作速度.通过Marching Cubes方法提取数控加工仿真工件表面三角网格模型并进行图形显示,提高了仿真工件显示质量,NC编程人员可实时地从任意方向观察、验证仿真结果.该方法已成功地应用于基于压缩体素模型的五坐标数控加工仿真系统中,克服了现有五坐标数控加工仿真方法和商品化软件系统的不足. | 侯增选 Frank-Lothar Krause 常钢 高新瑞 | 2006 | 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报2006，18，8： | 4 |
| 17 | Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis: The Basics显示文摘 | G H Krause E Weis | 1991 | Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology1991，，： | 4 |
| 18 | Determination of terrain models in wooded areas with airborne laser scanner data显示文摘 | K. Kraus N. Pfeifer | 1998 | ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing1998，，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Antifibrogenic effects of vitamin D derivatives on mouse pancreatic stellate cells显示文摘AIM To study the molecular effects of three different D-vitamins, vitamin D2, vitamin D3 and calcipotriol, in pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs).METHODS Quiescent PSCs were isolated from mouse pancreas and activated in vitro by seeding on plastic surfaces. The cells were exposed to D-vitamins as primary cultures(early-activated PSCs) and upon re-culturing(fullyactivated cells). Exhibition of vitamin A-containing lipid droplets was visualized by oil-red staining. Expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), a marker of PSC activation, was monitored by immunofluorescence and immunoblot analysis. The rate of DNA synthesis was quantified by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine(Brd U) incorporation assays. Real-time PCR was employed to monitor gene expression, and protein levels of interleukin-6(IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Uptake of proline was determined using 18 F-proline.RESULTS Sustained culture of originally quiescent PSCs inducedcell proliferation, loss of lipid droplets and exhibition of stress fibers, indicating cell activation. When added to PSCs in primary culture, all three D-vitamins diminished expression of α-SMA(to 32%-39% of the level of control cells; P < 0.05) and increased the storage of lipids(scores from 1.97-2.15 on a scale from 0-3; controls: 1.49; P < 0.05). No such effects were observed when D-vitamins were added to fully-activated cells, while incorporation of Brd U remained unaffected under both experimental conditions. Treatment of re-cultured PSCs with D-vitamins was associated with lower expression of IL-6(-42% to-49%; P < 0.05; also confirmed at the protein level) and increased expression of the vitamin D receptor gene(209%-321% vs controls; P < 0.05). There was no effect of D-vitamins on the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and collagen type 1(chain α1). The lowest uptake of proline, a main component of collagen, was observed in calcipotriol-treated PSCs.CONCLUSION The three D-vitamins inhibit, with similar efficiencies, activation of PSCs in vitro, but cannot reverse the phenotype once the cells are fully activated. | Peter Wallbaum Sarah Rohde Luise Ehlers Falko Lange Alexander Hohn Carina Bergner Sarah Marie Schwarzenbock Bernd Joachim Krause Robert Jaster | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Obesity-induced sperm DNA methylation changes at satellite repeats are reprogrammed in rat offspring显示文摘现在有充分证据,对在使肥沃的后代显型的父亲的贡献多于公平 DNA。然而,这 nongenetic 继承的身份和机制糟糕被理解。在这个研究区域的更重要的问题之一是:在精子 DNA methylation 的变化为后代有 phenotypic 后果吗?我们以前报导了肥胖的雄的老鼠的后代与控制相比改变了葡萄糖新陈代谢并且这效果通过 nongenetic 工具被继承。这里,我们用一样的协议在一个新队描述调查进精子 DNA methylation。在高脂肪的节食的雄的老鼠是 30% 比喂控制的男性重在交配的时候(16-19 星期旧, n = 14/14 ) 。一小(0.25%) 在全部的 5-methyl-2 ’ 增加; -deoxycytidine 被液体层析双人脚踏车团 spectrometry 在肥胖的老鼠精子检测。那 retrotransposon DNA methylation 在精子说的有定序的充实蛋白质的染色体(MBD-Seq ) 和 pyrosequencing 揭示了的 methyl-CpG 绑定领域的染色体的重复部分的检查没被肥胖,而是 methylation 在整个染色体在卫星重复影响被增加。然而,从男 27-week-old 后代从的肌肉,肝,和精子的检查肥胖并且控制父亲(从 8 生的 n = 的两个组) 表明正常 DNA methylation 层次在后代开发期间被恢复。而且,没有变化在肥胖的老鼠精子在三个 genomic 印记被发现。我们的调查结果为 transgenerational epigenetic reprogramming 有含意。他们建议 postfertilization 机制为使导致 environmentally 的 DNA methylation 在精子房间改变的一些正常化存在。 | Neil A Youngson Virginie Lecomte Christopher A Maloney Preston Leung Jia Liu Luke B Hesson Fabio Luciani Lutz Krause Margaret J Morris | 2016 | Asian Journal of Andrology2016，18，6： | 3 |
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