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| 1 | Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy:Role of inflammation and oxidative stress显示文摘The face of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is changing.This review explores how this neurocognitive disorder,which is associated with both acute and chronic liver injury,has grown to become a dynamic syndrome that spans a spectrum of neuropsychological impairment,from normal performance to coma.The central role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE remains incontrovertible.However,over the past 10 years,the HE community has begun to characterise the key roles of inflammation,infection,and oxidative/nitrosative stress in modulating the pathophysiological effects of ammonia on the astrocyte.This review explores the current thoughts and evidence base in this area and discusses the potential role of existing and novel therapies that might abrogate the oxidative and nitrosative stresses inflicted on the brain in patients with,or at risk of developing,HE. | Amit S Seyan Robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，27： | 23 |
| 2 | Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure显示文摘Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and death.In ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical care.The rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and coma.Cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic mechanism.Astrocyte swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain oedema.The mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte hypothesis.Current evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte swelling.Although a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight junctions.At present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown. | Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten Robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 8 |
| 3 | Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasivetests in a population of Alaska Native persons. Highrates of Helico bacter pylori(H. pylori) infection,H. pylori treatment failure,and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status atmultiple time points over a patient's life.METHODS:In 280 patients undergoing endoscopy,H. pylori was diagnosed by culture,histology,rapidurease test,13C urea breath test(UBT) ,and immuno-globulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13C-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori testby culture or,in case of a negative culture result,bypositive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS:The sensitivity and specificity of the 13C-UBT were 93% and 88%,respectively,relative to thegold standard. The antibody test had an equivalents ensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%.The false positive results for the antibody test were as-sociated with previous treatment for an H. pylori infection [relative risk(RR) = 2.8]. High levels of antibodiesto H. pylori were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender,while high scores in the 13C-UBT testwere associated with older age and with the H. pyloribacteria load on histological examination(RR = 4.4) .CONCLUSION:The 13C-UBT out performed the anti-body test for H. pylori and could be used when a non-invasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment out come or when monitoring for reinfection. | Dana L Bruden Michael G Bruce Karen M Miernyk Julie Morris Debby Hurlburt Thomas W Hennessy Helen Peters Frank Sacco Alan J Parkinson Brian J McMahon | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，42： | 3 |
| 4 | A novel vascular smooth muscle chymase is upregulated in hyper-tensive rats显示文摘 | Caiying G Haiaong J Debbie L | 2001 | J Clin Invest2001，107，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Functional polymers from novel carboxyl-terminated trithiocarbonates as highly efficient RAI agents 显示文摘 | John T L Debby F Rouald S | 2002 | Macromolecules2002，35，： | 1 |
| 6 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Elaine M T Donald J L J John H.L Debbie A M Peter B F Karen B | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Cost effectiveness of a manual based coping strategy programme in promoting the mental health of family carers of people with dementia (the START (STrAtegies for RelaTives) study): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Martin Knapp Derek King Renee Romeo Barbara Schehl Julie Barber Mark Griffin Penny Rapaport Debbie Livingston Cath Mummery Zuzana Walker Juanita Hoe Elizabeth L Sampson Claudia Cooper Gill Livingston | 2013 | BMJ (oct )2013，，252： | 1 |
| 8 | Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90 000 single nucleotide polymorphism array 显示文摘 | Wang SC Debbie W Kerrie F Alexandra A Shiaoman C Bevan EH Marco M Silvio S Sara GM Luigi C Anna MM Alex W Stuart S Gary B Ralf W Joerg P International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Morten L Diane M Rudi A Rudy D Gina BG Abraham K Alina RA Catherine F Jerome S Michele M Curtis P Luo MC Jan DMM Jorge D Martin G Roberto T Cindy L Ivan M Colin C Keith JE Matthew H Eduard A | 2014 | Plant Biotechnol J2014，12，： | 1 |
| 9 | Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition:the im-plicit association test 显示文摘 | Greenwald Anthony G Mc Ghee Debbie E Schwartz & Jordan L K | 1998 | Journal of Personality and social Psychology1998，74，6： | 1 |
| 10 | open Government in Israel:An Analysis of Factors Promoting and Hindering open Government Practices in Israel 显示文摘 | Debbie L Rabina | 2000 | The International Information & Library Review2000，32，34： | 1 |
| 11 | The effects of changes in salinity on osmoregulation and chloride cell morphology of juvenile Australian snapper显示文摘 | FIELDERr D S GEOFF L A DEBBIE P | 2007 | Aquacuhure2007，272，14： | 1 |
| 12 | ESTs, cDNA microarray, and gene expression profiling : tools for dissecting plant physiology and development显示文摘 | AIBA R FEI Z J PAYTON P LIU Y MOORE S L DEBBIE P COHN J D'ASCENZO M GORDON J S JOCELYN K C ROSE MARTIN G TANKSLEY S D BOUZAYEN M JAHN M M GIOVANNONI J | 2004 | Plant Journal2004，39，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Functional polymers from novel carboxyl- terminated trithiocarbonates as highly efficient RAFT agents 显示文摘 | John T L Debby F Ronald S | 2002 | Macromolecules2002，35，18： | 1 |
| 14 | Conquer chlorides and alloy costs显示文摘 | Hibner L Edward Debbie S | 1999 | Chem Engi Prog1999，95，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Nail DNA and possible biomarkers:A pilot study显示文摘 | Joshua P Debbie L | 2012 | J Prev Med Public Health2012，45，： | 1 |
| 16 | An extreme value analysis of advanced age mortality data 显示文摘 | Kathryn A W Debbie J D Bruce L J | 2006 | North A- merican Actuarial Journal2006，10，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Open Government in Israel:An Analysis of Factors Promoting and Hindering Open Government Practices in Israel 显示文摘 | Debbie L Rabina | 2000 | The International Information & Library Review2000，32，34： | 1 |
| 18 | Cancer associated fibro-blast promote tumor growth and metastasis by modulating thetumor immune microenvironment in a 4T1 murine breast cancermodel显示文摘 | Debbie L Yunping L Dorothy M | 2009 | PLoS One2009，4，11： | 1 |
| 19 | Isoflavones with supplemental calcium provide greater protection against the loss of bone mass and strength after ovariectomy compared to isoflavones alone显示文摘 | Breitman Peal L Debbie Fonseca Angela M Cheung | 2003 | Bone2003，33，： | 1 |
| 20 | Functional polymers from novel carboxyl-terminated trithiocarbonates as highly efficient RAFT agents 显示文摘 | JOHN T L DEBBY F RONALD S | 2002 | Macromolecules2002，35，18： | 1 |
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