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| 1 | Bacterial presence on flexible endoscopes vs time since disinfection显示文摘AIM To correlate the length of endoscope hang time and number of bacteria cultured prior to use.METHODS Prospectively, we cultured specimens from 19 gastroscopes, 24 colonoscopes and 5 side viewing duodenoscopes during the period of 2011 to 2015. A total of 164 results had complete data denoting date of cleansing, number of days stored and culture results. All scopes underwent initial cleaning in the endoscopy suite utilizing tap water, and then manually cleaned and flushed. High level disinfection was achieved with a Medivator~? DSD(Medivator Inc., United States) automated endoscope reprocessor following manufacturer instructions, with Glutacide~?(Pharmax Limited, Canada), a 2% glutaraldehyde solution. After disinfection, all scopes were stored in dust free, unfiltered commercial cabinets for up to 7 d. Prior to use, all scopes were sampled and plated on sheep blood agar for 48 h; the colony count was obtained from each plate. The length of endoscope hang time and bacterial load was analyzed utilizing unpaired t-tests. The overall percentage of positive and negative cultures for each type of endoscope was also calculated. RESULTS All culture results were within the acceptable range(less than 200 cfu/mL). One colonoscope cultured 80 cfu/mL after hanging for 1 d, which was the highest count. ERCP scopes cultured at most 10 cfu, this occurred after 2 and 7 d, and gastroscopes cultured 50 cfu/mL at most, at 1 d. Most cultures were negative for growth, irrespective of the length of hang time. Furthermore, all scopes, with the exception of one colonoscope which had two positive cultures(each of 10 cfu/mL), had at most one positive culture. There was no significant difference in the number of bacteria cultured after 1 d compared to 7 d when all scopes were combined(day 2: P = 0.515; day 3: P = identical; day 4: P = 0.071; day 5: P = 0.470; day 6: P = 0.584; day 7: P = 0.575). There was also no significant difference in the number of bacteria cultured after 1 day compared to 7 d for gastroscopes(day 2: P = 0.895; day 3: P = identical; day 4: P = identical; day 5: P = 0.893; day 6: P = identical; day 7: P = 0.756), colonoscopes(day 2: P = 0.489; day 4: P = 0.493; day 5: P = 0.324; day 6: P = 0.526; day 7: P = identical), or ERCP scopes(day 2: P = identical; day 7: P = 0.685). CONCLUSION There is no correlation between hang time and bacterial load. Endoscopes do not need to be reprocessed if reused within a period of 7 d. | Katlin I Mallette Peter Pieroni Sonny S Dhalla | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2018，10，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Status of myocardial antioxidants in ischemia-reperfusion injury显示文摘 | Dhalla N S Elmoselhi A B Hata T | 2000 | Cardiovasc Res2000，47，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Role of H202 in changing beta-adrenoceptor and adenylyl cyclase in ischmia-reperfused hearts显示文摘 | Dhalla NS | 1998 | Mol Cell Biochem1998，186，： | 1 |
| 4 | Modification of beta adrenoceptor signal transduction pathway by genetic manipulation and heart failure显示文摘 | WANG X DHALLA N S | 2000 | Mol Cell Biochem2000，214，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Role of oxidative stress in alterations of mitochondrial function in ischemic-reperfused hearts显示文摘 | Makazan Z Saini H K Dhalla N S | 2007 | Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol2007，292，： | 1 |
| 6 | Subcellular remodelling may induce cardiac dysfunctionin congestive heart failure显示文摘 | Dhalla N S Saini-Chohan H K Rodriguez-Leyva D | 2009 | Cardiovasc Res2009，81，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Mechanisms of the beneficial effects of beta - adrenoceptor antagonists in congestive heart failure 显示文摘 | REHSIA N S DHALLA N S | 2010 | Exp Clin Cardiol2010，15，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Cardiac remodeling and sub- cellular defects in heart failure due to myocardial infarction and aging 显示文摘 | Dhalla NS Rangi S Babick AP | 2012 | Heart FailRev2012，17，45： | 1 |
| 9 | Evidence for the role of oxidative stress in acute ischemic heart disease: a brief review 显示文摘 | Dhalla NS Golfman L Takeda S | 1999 | Can J Cardiol1999，15，： | 1 |
| 10 | Myocardial cation contents during induction of calcium paradox显示文摘 | Alto A Dhalla N S | 1979 | Am J Physiol1979，237，： | 1 |
| 11 | Alterations in heart sarcolemma Ca^2+-ATP and Ca^2+-binding activities duo to oxygen free radicals 显示文摘 | Kaneko M Singal P K Dhalla N S | 1990 | Basic Res Cardiol1990，85，： | 1 |
| 12 | Cardiac remodeling and subeellular defects in heart failure due to myocardial infarction and aging显示文摘 | Dhalla NS Rangi S Babick AP | 2012 | Heart Fail Rev2012，17，45： | 1 |
| 13 | Phosphatidic acid:a potential signal transducer for cardiac hypertrophy显示文摘 | Dhalla N S Xu Y J Sheu S S | 1997 | J Mol Cell Cardiol1997，29，： | 1 |
| 14 | Status of myocardial antioxidants in ischemia-reperfusion injury显示文摘 | Dhalla N S Elmoselhi A B Hata T | 2000 | Cardiovasc Res2000，47，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Regulation of c-Fos and c-Jun gene expression by thospholipase cactivity in adult cardiomyocytes 显示文摘 | Singal T Dhalla N S TaPPia P S | 2009 | Mol Cell Bioehem2009，327，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Attenuation of ischemia reperfusion-induced alterations in intracellular Ca2+in cardio myocytes from hearts treated with N-acetylcysteine and N-mercap topropionylglycine显示文摘 | SAINI-CHOHAN H K DHALLA N S | 2009 | Can J Physiol Pharmacol2009，87，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Role of oxida- tive stress in cardiovascular diseases显示文摘 | Dhalla N S Temsah R M Netticadan D | 2000 | J Hypertens2000，18，： | 1 |
| 18 | Alterations in both death and survival signals for apoptosis in heart failure due to volume overload 显示文摘 | Dent M R Das S Dhalla N S | 2007 | J Mol Cell Cardiol2007，43，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in hearts subjected to Ca2+ depletion and Ca2+repletion显示文摘 | Makazan Z Saini-Chohan H K Dhalla N S | 2009 | Can J Physiol Pharmacol2009，87，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Pancreatic metastasis from a solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney:a rare cause of acute recurrent pancreatitis显示文摘 | Patel Y A Dhalla S Olson M T | 2013 | Pancreatology2013，13，6： | 1 |
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