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| 1 | POLYMER CHARGE AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT EFFECTS ON TREATED IRRIGATION FURROW PROCESSES显示文摘Application of 5-10 mg L-1 water soluble anionic polyacrylamide (PAM) to furrow irrigation water during flow advance substantially reduces sediment loss and increases net infiltration. We hypothesized that PAM_s solvated molecular conformation influences its irrigation-management efficacy. The study was conducted in Kimberly, Idaho, on Portneuf silt loam (Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids), under furrowirrigated beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) at a 1.5% slope. Polyacrylamides with contrasting molecular weight (anionic; 4-7, 12- 15 and 14-17 MDa, i.e. Mg mol-1 ), charge type (neutral, anionic, cationic), and charge density (8, 19, 35 mol %) were tested in two studies. Inflow rate was 23 L min-1 during furrow advance, and 15 L min-1 for the remaining set. Anionic and neutral PAMs were twice as effective as cationic PAMs for controlling sediment loss in new furrows. The order of effectiveness for overall soilloss control was : anionic >neutral >cationic PAM, and efficacy increased with increasing charge density and/or molecular weight. Net furrow infiltration increased by 14 to 19% when PAM treatment molecular weight was reduced from 17 to 4 MDa. General trends suggested that medium and high charge density anionic and neutral PAM produced the greatest increase in infiltration compared with controls.Compared with untreated furrows, neutral PAM gave the greatest season-long net infiltration gains (5%),while charged PAMs tended to increase net infiltration early in the season on new furrows but decreased infiltration on repeat-irrigated furrows later in the season. | R. D. Lentz(USDA-ARS, Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory, Kimberly, ID)R. E. Sojka (Landcare Research, New Zealand, Ltd, Palmerston North, New ZealandNote: The manucript of this paper was received in March 1999, Discussion open until March | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，1： | 13 |
| 2 | Interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility:A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To assess the association between Interleu-kin-10 (IL-10) gene IL-10-1082 (G/A), IL-10-592(C/A), IL-10-819 (T/C) polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptibility.METHODS: Two investigators independently searched the Medline, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biomedicine Database. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% conf idence intervals (95% CIs) for IL-10 polymorphisms and HCC were cal-culated in a fixed-effects model (the Mantel-Haenszel method) and a random-effects model (the DerSimonian and Laird method) when appropriate. RESULTS: This meta analysis included seven eligiblestudies, which included 1012 HCC cases and 2308 controls. Overall, IL-10-1082 G/A polymorphism was not associated with the risk of HCC (AA vs AG + GG, OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.90-1.37). When stratifying for ethnicity, the results were similar (Asian, OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.87-1.44; non-Asian, OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 0.75-1.60). In the overall analysis, the IL-10 polymorphism at position -592 (C/A) was identified as a genetic risk factor for HCC among Asians; patients carrying the IL-10-592*C allele had an increased risk of HCC (OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.49). No association was observed between the IL-10-819 T/C polymorphism and HCC susceptibility (TT vs TC + CC, OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.79-1.32).CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that IL-10-592 A/C polymorphism may be associated with HCC among Asians. IL-10-1082 G/A and IL-10-819 T/C polymorphisms were not detected to be related to the risk for HCC. | Yong-Gang Wei, Fei Liu, Bo Li, Xi Chen, Yu Ma, Lv-Nan Yan, Tian-Fu Wen, Ming-Qing Xu, Wen-Tao Wang, Jia-Yin YangYong-Gang Wei, Fei Liu, Bo Li, Xi Chen, Yu Ma, Lv-Nan Yan, Tian-Fu Wen, Ming-Qing Xu, Wen-Tao Wang, Jia-Yin Yang, Department of Liver and Vascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Prov- ince, China Author contributions: Wei YG and Liu F designed the study, collected and analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript Li B collected and analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript Chen X and Ma Y collected and analyzed the data Yan LN analyzed the data and contributed to the discussion Wen TF and Xu MQ revised the manuscript Wang WT and Yang JY contributed to the discussion Wei YG and Liu F contributed equally to this work. | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，34： | 3 |
| 3 | Selective vulnerability of the brain New insights into the pathophysiology of stroke显示文摘 | DISCUSSANTS BH | 1989 | Annlnter Med1989，110，： | 1 |
| 4 | Financing a System for Lifelong Learning 显示文摘 | A more recent discussion of financing arrangements that are consistent with Post- Compulsory entitlements is H M Levin | 1998 | Education Economics1998，6，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Methods for combining randomized clinical trials: Strength and limitations 显示文摘 | Discussion of DeMets DL | 1987 | Stat Med1987，6，： | 1 |
| 6 | Selective vulnerability of the brain:new insights into the pathophysiology of stroke显示文摘 | Moaerator RC Discussants BH | 1980 | Ann Znteral Med1980，110，： | 1 |
| 7 | Use of the clinicsP pulmon&ry ventil&tor-&ssoci&ted pneumoni& risks with tr&um&显示文摘 | P&rks NA M&gnotti LJ Weinberg JA infection score to guide ther&py for &ntibiotic overexposure in p&tients Surg gO~ 2 73(~): 52-56 discussion et &l | | J0，5659，： | 1 |
| 8 | Faraday Soc显示文摘 | Discuss | 1947 | (2):3041947，，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Selective vulnerability of the brain:new insights into the pathophysiology of stroke显示文摘 | Moaerator RC Discussants BH | 1989 | Anual of interal Medicine1989，110，： | 1 |
| 10 | Reliability analysis based on fuzzy probability显示文摘 | Discussion by Lind N C | 1995 | Eng Mech1995，111，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Introduction: Searching for the Secrets of Growth Introduction: Searching for the Secrets of Growth 显示文摘 | Discussion William Easterly | 2010 | Revista de Analisis Economico - Economic Analysis Review2010，8，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Insulin and insulin-like growth factor in normal and pathological cardiovascular physiology 显示文摘 | Discussant P Sowers J R | 1997 | Hypertension1997，29，5： | 1 |
| 13 | HVDC controls for system dynamic performance显示文摘 | Report of a panel discussion sponsored by the IEEE special stability controls working group and the dynamic performance and modeling of DC systems joint working group | 1991 | IEEE Trans on Power Systems1991，6，2： | 1 |
| 14 | products, and methodology 显示文摘 | Hougaard Anders Conceptual disintegration and blending in interactional sequences: a discussion of phenomena processes vs | 2005 | Journal of Pragmatics2005，37，： | 1 |
| 15 | 41-Year-Old Woman With Menorrhagia,Anemia,and Fibroids:Review of Treatment of Uterine Fibroids显示文摘 | BRADLEY VAN VOORHIS MD DISCUSSANT A | 2009 | JAMA2009，301，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Rigotti G, Marehi A, Stringhini P, et aL Determining the oneological risk of autologous lipoaspirate grafting for post-mastectomy breast reconstruction显示文摘 | discussion 56 57 | 2010 | Aesthetic Plast Surg2010，34，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Behavior of compacted soil in tension 显示文摘 | Parry R H Ajaz G Discussion A | 1975 | Proc ASCE JGED1975，101，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Sea level change along the coast of China relative to the isostatic datum显示文摘On the basis of the analyses of significant periods for the sea level observation data taken from recent several decades at 12 tide stations, the monthly mean sea level observations are fitted by a model of linear trend of sea level change superimposed with several variations of different fixed periods. The trends of sea level relative changes and their errors are estimated by the LS method. The results are reduced to the isostatic datum proposed and established in the paper (Huang et al. , 1991, Seismology and Geology , 1, 1-15). The trends of sea level changes in the near future along the coast of China are studied. It is pointed out that the general trend of the sea level change along the coast of China is going up slowly and the rate of the change is not the same in different segments of the coasts. In a few segments, the sea level is even relatively going down. The numerical results given in this paper provide a basis for the predictions of the future sea level changes and their effects. | Huang Liren, Yang Guohua An Zhensheng Geodetic Brigade, State Seismological Bureau, Tianjin 300180, ChinaInstitute of Marine Scientific and Technological Information, State Oceanic Administration, Tianjin 300171, China Xie Zhiren, A brief discussion on the trend of sea level change and prediction, 1989. | 1991 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica1991，10，4： | 0 |
| 19 | 在本世纪最后十年内如何加速发展我国激光红外光电子技术——本刊编辑部特邀部分专家学者笔谈显示文摘今年是本世纪最后一个十年的开始,我们特邀国内部分专家、学者撰文,就今后十年内如何加速发展本领域技术,加强基础研究、新技术和产品开发、推广应用、建立产业、培养人才等同行关心的问题进行阐述,并分析原因,提出相应的对策和建议。 | Discussed by scholars and Experts Editorial Department | 1990 | 激光与红外1990，20，1： | 0 |
| 20 | LONG TERM SEDIMENT YIELD AND MITIGATION IN A SMALL SOUTHERN PIEDMONT WATERSHED显示文摘Southern Piedmont lands suffer moderate to severe erosion when farmed under single-crop,conventional till systems consisting of moldboard plowing, disking or harrowing. This is primarily due to high soil erodibility, high energy spring-summer storms, low residue cover, and poor management thctors. A winter season with no crop often leaves soil unprotected from rainfall impacts.Conservation cropping systems that minimize tillage and leave a growing crop and crop residues on the surface both in summer and winter protect soil from erosive effects and sustain productivity. In this paper we present and discuss 26-years of soil loss, runoff and residue production data from a 2.71 ha catchment typical of small Southern Piedmont watersheds. The catchment was first managed in conventional tillage system of summer soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) and winter fallow from 1972 to 1974. It was then converted to conservation cropping systems of summer soybean, sorghum (Sorghuim bicolor (L.) Moench), or cotton (Gossypium hirsutum (L.)) and winter barley (Hordeum vulgare (L.)), wheat (Triticum aestivum (L.)), or clover (Trdolium incarnatum (L.)) which have continued to the present. Conservation cropping systems had immediate and residual effects in controlling erosion and runoff in both summer and winter. Destructive soil erosion, from high energy storms was significantly reduced. Residue production increased from about 2 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under conventional tillage to 9.88 Mg ha-1 yr-1 under conservation cropping systems over 20 years. | D.M. Endale(USDA-ARS, J. Phil Campbell Sr. Natural Resource Conservation Center, Watkinsville, GANote : This Manucript of this paper was received in March 1999, Discussion open until March 2001.)H. H. SchombergJ. L. Steiner | 2000 | International Journal of Sediment Research2000，15，1： | 0 |
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