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| 1 | Beneficial mechanisms of aerobic exercise on hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)refers to any fatty liver disease that is not due to excessive use of alcohol.NAFLD probably results from abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism and insulin resistance.Aerobic exercise is shown to improve NAFLD.This review aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on NAFLD.DATA SOURCE:We searched articles in English on the role of aerobic exercise in NAFLD therapy in Pub Med. | Rui Guo Emily C Liong Kwok Fai So Man-Lung Fung George L Tipoe | 2015 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2015，14，2： | 16 |
| 2 | Therapeutic approaches to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: past achievements and future challenges显示文摘BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver injury and mortality in Western countries and China. However, as to date, there is no direct and effective therapy for this disease. The aim of this review is to analyze the key progress and challenges of main current therapeutic approaches in NAFLD. DATA SOURCE: We carried out a PubMed search of English-language articles relevant to NAFLD therapy. RESULTS: There are two major therapeutic strategies for NAFLD treatment: (1) lifestyle interventions (including weight reduction, dietary modification and physical exercise) and (2) pharmaceutical therapies. Lifestyle interventions, particularly chronic and moderate intensity exercise, are the most effective and recognized clinical therapies for NAFLD. For pharmaceutical therapies, although their effects and mechanisms have been extensively investigated in laboratory studies, they still need further tests and investigations in clinical human trials. CONCLUSION: Future advancement of NAFLD therapy should focus on the mechanistic studies on cell based and animal models and human clinical trials of exercise, as well as the combination of lifestyle intervention and pharmaceutical therapy specifically targeting main signaling pathways related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. | Jia Xiao Rui Guo Man Lung Fung Emily C Liong George L Tipoe | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，2： | 14 |
| 3 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 4 | Predictors of spine deformity progression in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: A systematic review with meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To evaluate published data on the predictors of progressive adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS) in order to evaluate their efficacy and level of evidence. METHODS: Selection criteria:(1) study design: randomized controlled clinical trials, prospective cohort studies and case series, retrospective comparative and none comparative studies;(2) participants: adolescents with AIS aged from 10 to 20 years; and(3) treatment: observation, bracing, and other. Search method: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Pub Medand patent data bases. All years through August 2014 were included. Data were collected that showed an association between the studied characteristics and the progression of AIS or the severity of the spine deformity. Odds ratio(OR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were also collected. A metaanalysis was performed to evaluate the pooled OR and predictive values, if more than 1 study presented a result. The GRADE approach was applied to evaluate the level of evidence.RESULTS: The review included 25 studies. All studies showed statistically significant or borderline association between severity or progression of AIS with the following characteristics:(1) An increase of the Cobb angle or axial rotation during brace treatment;(2) decrease of the rib-vertebral angle at the apical level of the convex side during brace treatment;(3) initial Cobb angle severity(> 25o);(4) osteopenia;(5) patient age < 13 years at diagnosis;(6) premenarche status;(7) skeletal immaturity;(8) thoracic deformity;(9) brain stem vestibular dysfunction; and(10) multiple indices combining radiographic, demographic, and physiologic characteristics. Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the following genes:(1) calmodulin 1;(2) estrogen receptor 1;(3) tryptophan hydroxylase 1;(3) insulin-like growth factor 1;(5) neurotrophin 3;(6) interleukin-17 receptor C;(7) melatonin receptor 1B, and(8) Scoli Score test. Other predictors included:(1) impairment of melatonin signaling in osteoblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC);(2) G-protein signaling dysfunction in PBMC; and(3) the level of platelet calmodulin. However, predictive values of all these findings were limited, and the levels of evidence were low. The pooled result of brace treatment outcomes demonstrated that around 27% of patents with AIS experienced exacerbation of the spine deformity during or after brace treatment, and 15% required surgical correction. However, the level of evidence is also low due to the limitations of the included studies.CONCLUSION: This review did not reveal any methods for the prediction of progression in AIS that could be recommended for clinical use as diagnostic criteria. | Andriy Noshchenko Lilian Hoffecker Emily M Lindley Evalina L Burger Christopher MJ Cain Vikas V Patel Andrew P Bradford | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，7： | 4 |
| 5 | Impacts and challenges of United States medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic显示文摘The delivery of medical student education has changed rapidly during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Students in their pre-clinical years have transitioned to online courses and examinations.Students in their clinical years are not permitted on clinical rotations,and face uncertainties in career exploration and the residency application process.Medical students in all stages of training are volunteering and helping their communities.The future presence of COVID-19 throughout the United States is unknown,and medical students are eager to return to their training.This paper outlines current challenges in medical student education and the various responses that have been adopted.We also discuss possible future directions for students through involvement in telemedicine,outpatient clinic visits,and non-respiratory inpatient care tasks as adequate personal protective equipment,COVID-19 testing,and resources become more widely available. | Stacey Rolak Alexis M Keefe Emily L Davidson Prabesh Aryal Sandesh Parajuli | 2020 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2020，8，15： | 2 |
| 6 | Zeldow, masculinity and fmininity pedict otimal nmtal halth: a belated test of the androgyny hypothesis显示文摘 | EMILY S L PETER B | 2006 | Jurnal of Prsonality Asment2006，870，： | 1 |
| 7 | Genetic diversity among witchhazel cultivars based on Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers显示文摘 | Robert D Marquard Eric P Davis Emily L Stowe | 1997 | J Amer Soc Hort Sci1997，122，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia显示文摘 | Emilie C Fanny L Marie EB | 2010 | Infect Dis Clin N Am2010，24，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in agroecosystems~ Correlations with soil enzyme activity and carbon and nitrogen mineralization 显示文摘 | TIAN L EMILY D WEI S | 2010 | Applied Soil Ecology2010，46，： | 1 |
| 10 | Biochemical and Histochemical Evidence of Nonspecific Binding of α7 nAChR Antibodies to Mouse Brain Tissue显示文摘 | Donna L Herber Emily G | 2004 | Journal of Histochemistry2004，52，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Self-eare and qual- ity of life of heart failure patients at a multidisciplinary heart function clinic显示文摘 | Emily S Kevin J L Joseph A C | 2011 | J Cardiovase Nuts2011，26，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Microsatellite instability in aberrant crypt foci from patients without concurrent colon cancer显示文摘 | Greenspan Emily J Cyr Jennifer L Pleau Devon C | 2007 | Carcinogenesis2007，28，4： | 1 |
| 13 | A pilot study of a thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘 | Stephen H Caldwell Elizabeth E Hespenheide Jan A Redick Julia C Iezzoni Emily H Battle Bonnie L Sheppard | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Vascular calcification does not predict anastomotic leak or conduit necrosis following oesophagectomy显示文摘BACKGROUND Anastomotic leaks(AL)and gastric conduit necrosis(CN)are serious complications following oesophagectomy.Some studies have suggested that vascular calcification may be associated with an increased AL rate,but this has not been validated in a United Kingdom population.AIM To investigate whether vascular calcification identified on the pre-operative computed tomography(CT)scan is predictive of AL or CN.METHODS Routine pre-operative CT scans of 414 patients who underwent oesophagectomy for malignancy with oesophagogastric anastomosis at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham between 2006 and 2018 were retrospectively analysed.Calcification of the proximal aorta,distal aorta,coeliac trunk and branches of the coeliac trunk was scored by two reviewers.The relationship between these calcification scores and occurrence of AL and CN was then analysed.The Esophagectomy Complications Consensus Group definition of AL and CN was used.RESULTS Complication data were available in n=411 patients,of whom 16.7%developed either AL(15.8%)or CN(3.4%).Rates of AL were significantly higher in female patients,at 23.0%,compared to 13.9%in males(P=0.047).CN was significantly more common in females,(8.0%vs 2.2%,P=0.014),patients with diabetes(10.6%vs 2.5%,P=0.014),a history of smoking(10.3%vs 2.3%,P=0.008),and a higher American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade(P=0.024).Out of the 14 conduit necroses,only 4 occurred without a concomitant AL.No statistically significant association was found between calcification of any of the vessels studied and either of these outcomes.Multivariable analyses were then performed to identify whether a combination of the calcification scores could be identified that would be significantly predictive of any of the outcomes.However,the stepwise approach did not select any factors for inclusion in the final models.The analysis was repeated for composite outcomes of those patients with either AL or CN(n=69,16.7%)and for those with both AL and CN(n=10,2.4%)and again,no significant associations were detected.In the subset of patients that developed these outcomes,no significant associations were detected between calcification and the severity of the complication.CONCLUSION Calcification scoring was not significantly associated with Anastomotic Leak or CN in our study,therefore should not be used to identify patients who are high risk for these complications. | Benjamin J Jefferies Emily Evans James Bundred James Hodson John L Whiting Colm Forde Ewen A Griffiths | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019，11，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Combustion synthesis of metallic foams from nanocomposite reactants 显示文摘 | Emily M H Michelle L P Jouet R J | 2006 | Intermetallics2006，14，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Antimi- crobial and antioxidant activities of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and some other medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia 显示文摘 | Lai Wah Chan Emily L C Cheah Constance L L Saw | 2008 | Chin Med J2008，，3： | 1 |
| 17 | The un-predictable nature of internal tides on continental shelves显示文摘 | Nash Jonathan D Kelly Samuel M Shroyer Emily L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Self-esteem and coping strategies in child molesters显示文摘 | Marshall W L Emily C Anderson D | | Journal of Interpersonal Violence0，，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Differential radiometers using Fabry-Perot interferometric technique for remote sensing of greenhouse gases显示文摘 | E M Georgieva W S Heaps Emily L Wilson | 2008 | IEEE Transactions on Geoscienceand Remote sensing2008，46，10： | 1 |
| 20 | Anevaliation of distinct volu metrcand functional MIU contrbution stoward understanding age and task performance; A study in the basal ganglia显示文摘 | Scott A L Emily M B Najat M H et sl | 2007 | Brain research2007，11，35： | 1 |
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