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| 1 | Construction engineering management culture shift: Is the lowest tender offer dead?显示文摘The procurement of public construction projects must walk a fine line between the corruption of state officials and collusion of contractors. The method of awarding projects to the lowest responsible tenderer was originally implemented to guard against corruption of state officials. However, an investigation of the construction industry in the Canadian province of Quebec showed that lowest-tender-offer procurement gave rise to collusion of companies tendering for the contracts. Alternatively, bestvalue procurement has been used for decades, but here problems arise owing to the necessity of subjective judging of measures other than price to compare bids, giving rise to time-and money-consuming protests. The paper proposes a compelling argument that the construction engineering management(CEM) culture should refocus its efforts on enhancing project cost certainty rather than merely searching for means to design a project in a manner that produces the lowest initial cost, and awards the construction to the lowest tender offer that focuses on cost savings during the project development and delivery process. The difference in the two approaches is subtle but extremely important. To make the transition, the engineering management tools must be advanced to the next level.This means that all project control tools for managing cost,schedule, and technical scope must be transformed from working in the deterministic mode to the stochastic mode,thus making the probability of completing the projectwithin or below its official budget the primary decision criterion. To do so, CEMs must accept that there is a benefit in paying more for an alternative that increases cost certainty for the entire project. The authors of this paper hope that it will provide the grist for a more general dialog across all industry sectors where engineering management is practiced. | Eric SCHEEPBOUWER Douglas D.GRANSBERG Carla Lopez del PUERTO | 2017 | Frontiers of Engineering Management2017，4，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Biocatalytic solvent-free polymerization to producehigh molecular weight polyesters 显示文摘 | Apurva K Chaudhary Jesus Lopez Eric J Beckman Alan JRussell | 1997 | BiotechnologyProgress1997，13，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Reaction kinetic modelings of Akardite Ⅱdepletion in single base propellant formulation 显示文摘 | Eric R Bixon Lucas Lopez | 2006 | Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics2006，31，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Comparison of three methods to study biofilm formation by clinical strains of Escherichia coli显示文摘 | Lise Crémet Stéphane Corvec Eric Batard Myriam Auger Irene Lopez Fabrice Pagniez Sandie Dauvergne Nathalie Caroff | 2012 | Diagnostic Microbiology & Infectious Disease2012，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Characterization of patients with both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a large United States cohort显示文摘BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome(MetS)and is characterized by steatosis in the absence of significant alcohol consumption.However,MetS and significant alcohol intake coexist in certain individuals which may lead to the development of BAFLD.AIM To assess the clinical characteristics of patients with both alcoholic and NAFLD(BAFLD)in a large cohort in the United States.METHODS Adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2003-2014 were included.NAFLD was diagnosed based on elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and being overweight or obese in the absence of other liver diseases.BAFLD patients met the criteria for NAFLD but also had either MetS or type 2 diabetes and consumed excessive amounts of alcohol.Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to assess differences between NAFLD and BAFLD and to compare severity based on a validated fibrosis score(FIB4 index).RESULTS The prevalence of NAFLD was at 25.9%(95%CI;25.1-26.8)and that of BAFLD was 0.84%(0.67,1.02)which corresponds to an estimated 1.24 million Americans affected by BAFLD.Compared to NAFLD,patients with BAFLD were more likely to be male,smokers,have higher ALT,aspartate aminotransferase,triglycerides,and lower platelets;P<0.01 for all.More importantly,after adjusting for MetS components,BAFLD patients were significantly more likely to have advanced fibrosis[adjusted OR(95%CI)based on FIB4 index>2.67 was 3.2(1.4,7.0),P=0.004].CONCLUSION A significant percentage of the American general population is afflicted by BAFLD and these patients tend to have more advanced liver fibrosis. | George Khoudari Amandeep Singh Mazen Noureddin Danielle Fritze Rocio Lopez Imad Asaad Eric Lawitz Fred Poordad Kris V Kowdley Naim Alkhouri | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Multiple ascending dose study of BMS‐790052, a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, in patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1显示文摘 | Richard E. Nettles Min Gao Marc Bifano Ellen Chung Anna Persson Thomas C. Marbury Ronald Goldwater Michael P. DeMicco Maribel Rodriguez‐Torres Apinya Vutikullird Ernesto Fuentes Eric Lawitz Juan Carlos Lopez‐Talavera Dennis M. Grasela | 2011 | Hepatology2011，，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Pink bollworm moth (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) catches in the Imperial Valley, California from 1989 to 2003显示文摘我们检验了男粉红色的一种蛾的幼虫(PBW ) 的模式, Pectinophoragossypiella (Saunders ) ,在在从在帝国山谷的 1989 to2003 的一个 15 年的时期上的引诱 gossyplure 的陷井的蛾钩子,美国加利福尼亚。当时,监视在时期期间被进行不同粉红色的一种蛾的幼虫区域宽控制策略正在被使用。日益增多地在引诱 gossyplure 的陷井抓住的男粉红色的一种蛾的幼虫蛾的数字每年从 1990 ~ 1994 duringshort 季节棉花生产减少了。从 1995 ~ 1997 在陷井抓住的男蛾的高数字可能与从在 Mexicali Valleybordering 种的大棉花面积的蛾迁居有关帝国山谷。转基因的 BollgardReg。(Bt ) 棉花从 1997 ~ 2003 在棉花区域的 80%-94% 在 1996 并且此后在 3% 棉花区域被种。粉红色的一种蛾的幼虫蛾陷井钩子比在 1995 ~ 1997 的钩子从 1998 ~ 2003 是显著地更低的,除了 1999。套住的结果建议 Bt 棉花在粉红色的一种蛾的幼虫人口的减小上有重要输入,证实另外的调查者的结果并且提供 Bt 棉花栽培的好处上的另外的文档…… | CHANG-CHI CHU ERIC T. NATWICK RAUL LEON LOPEZ JOLENER. DESSERT THOMAS J. HENNEBERRY | 2006 | Insect Science2006，13，6： | 0 |
| 8 | 跨越界线的混血儿显示文摘我们很难把摩托车与汽车混为一谈。但是,对于那些天才的改装车高手来说,任何构想都能变成现实。当看到它们被摆放到一起时,你是不是会惊呼:这还是摩托车吗? | Ernie Lopez Eric Ellis(摄影) 别嘉(编译) | 2006 | 摩托车趋势2006，，6： | 0 |
| 9 | The Reliability of the Anaerobic Power Dummy Throw Test in High School Wrestlers:A Pilot Study显示文摘AP(anaerobic power)output is an important physical characteristic that is required to succeed in sports such as wrestling.The Wingate test is considered the Gold Standard for assessing AP but is not specific to the sport of wrestling.The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of a novel field test known as the LWAPT(Lopez wrestling anaerobic power test)for the assessment of AP.The participants were male high school wrestlers(n=10,age:17.0±0.8 yrs,mass:70.9±10.2 kgs).The participants met on one occasion in order to complete the testing protocol.The protocol initiated with the participants completing a 10-15 minute dynamic WU(warm-up)that included three practice dummy throw attempts(dummy mass=31.75 kgs).Following the dynamic WU(≈5 minutes),the participants performed two trials of the LWAPT.In order to perform the LWAPT,wrestlers stood behind the wrestling dummy in a squat position with legs bent at 45-90 degrees.Next the wrestlers wrapped their arms around the waist of the dummy and on the signal“go”the wrestlers quickly exploded up,lifting the dummy by getting triple extension with the ankles,knees and hips as one would in a power clean.After the wrestler was fully extended,he turned in midair in order to drive the dummy onto its stomach on the ground,where the wrestler was on top of the back of the dummy(a common position after an opponent has been thrown).The participant then repositioned the dummy to the original position to execute another throw.The participants completed as many dummy throws as possible during the one minute trials.The LWAPT trials were separated by 15 minutes.The trial scores were 15.6±2.5 and 17.2±1.5 throws respectively.The interclass and intraclass reliability coefficients were r=0.84 and ICC=0.80.The standard error of the measure was SEm=1.0 throws with 90%confidence limits of UL:1.7,LL:0.7.The mean difference between trials was 1.6±1.4 throws(90%confidence limits of UL:2.4,LL:0.8).Bland-Altman plots suggested agreement between trials with no evidence of heteroscedasticity.The LWAPT exhibits moderate to high reliability as an assessment of AP.The inclusion of additional dummy throw trials to the assessment protocol may enhance the degree of reliability of the dummy throw test as a measure of AP. | Eric Lopez Ryan Luke Kent J.Adams Mark DeBeliso | 2018 | Journal of Sports Science2018，6，3： | 0 |
| 10 | 2019年全球、地区和国家5岁以下儿童呼吸道合胞病毒引发急性下呼吸道感染疾病负担研究的系统分析显示文摘背景呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus,RSV)是引起婴幼儿急性下呼吸道感染最常见的病原体。此前估计,2015年全球60月龄以下儿童共发生3 310万次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致118 200人死亡。此后,几项社区监测研究获得了对RSV相关社区死亡的更精确估计。本文旨在更新2019年全球、地区和国家层面60月龄以下儿童RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率和死亡率,重点关注总体死亡率和在研RSV免疫制剂针对的更窄的婴儿年龄组。方法 检索获得MEDLINE、Embase、Global Health、CINAHL、Web of Science、LILACS、OpenGrey、中国知网、万方和维普数据库2017—2020年发表文献中的新数据,并纳入RSV GEN合作者提供的未发表数据,以扩展全球RSV疾病负担数据集。纳入的研究符合以下条件:报告了社区中或需要住院治疗的60月龄以下儿童RSV原发性急性下呼吸道感染的数据;报告了至少连续12个月的数据,但院内病死率或RSV季节性定义明确的地区除外;报告了RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率、院内病死率或急性下呼吸道感染住院的RSV阳性比例。如果病例定义不明或应用不一致、RSV感染未经实验室确认或仅基于血清学检测、报告的急性下呼吸道感染病例少于50例,则排除该研究。本研究应用广义线性混合效应模型(generalized linear mixed-effects model,GLMM)估计了2019年全球和地区(按国家发展状况和世界银行收入分类)RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率、住院率和院内病死率;通过基于危险因素的模型估计了国家层面RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染的发病率;通过GLMM开发了新模型,纳入最新的RSV社区死亡率数据,用于估计RSV的总体死亡率。本综述已在PROSPERO注册(CRD42021252400)。结果 除了先前综述中纳入的317项研究外,还纳入了113项符合条件的新研究以及51项未发表的研究,共计481项研究。据估计,2019年全球60月龄以下儿童中,共发生3 300万(置信区间为2 540万~4 460万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致360万(290万~460万)例住院、26 300(15 100~49 100)例院内死亡以及101 400(84 500~125 200)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。在0~6个月的婴儿中,共发生660万(460万~970万)次RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染,导致140万(100万~200万)例住院、13 300(6 800~28 100)例院内死亡以及45 700(38 400~55 900)例可归因于RSV的总死亡数。60月龄以下和28 d~6月龄儿童的死亡中分别有2.0%(置信区间为1.6%~2.4%)和3.6%(3.0%~4.4%)归因于RSV。在各年龄组中,95%以上的RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染事件和97%以上的可归因于RSV的死亡事件都发生在中低收入国家。结论 RSV显著增加了全球60月龄以下儿童的发病和死亡负担,尤其是在出生后前6个月和中低收入国家。本研究强调了全球RSV疾病的总体死亡率负担,60月龄以下儿童中,每50例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV;28 d至6个月大的婴儿中,每28例死亡就有1例可归因于RSV。每1例RSV相关急性下呼吸道感染院内死亡,对应社区中约3例可归因于RSV的死亡。对6月龄内婴儿提供保护的RSV被动免疫计划有望对减轻RSV疾病负担,但实施计划时,仍需要更多数据来了解RSV疾病负担高峰可能向大龄转移的影响。 | You Li Xin Wang Dianna M.Blau Mauricio T.Caballero Daniel R.Feikin Christopher J.Gill Shabir A.Madhi Saad B.Omer Eric A.F Simoes Harry Campbell Ana Bermejo Pariente Darmaa Bardach Quique Bassat Jean-Sebastien Casalegno Giorgi Chakhunashvili Nigel Crawford Daria Danilenko Lien Anh Ha Do Marcela Echavarria Angela Gentile Aubree Gordon Terho Heikkinen QSue Huang Sophie Jullien Anand Krishnan Eduardo Luis Lopez Josko Markic Ainara Mira-Iglesias Hannah CMoore Jocelyn Moyes Lawrence Mwananyanda DJames Nokes Faseeha Noordeen Evangeline Obodai Nandhini Palani Candice Romero Vahid Salimi Ashish Satav Euri Seo Zakhar Shchomak Rosalyn Singleton Kirill Stolyarov Sonia K Stoszek Anne von Gottberg Danielle Wurzel Lay-Myint Yoshida Chee Fu Yung Heather J Zar Harish Nair 张甜甜 从兵兵 邓舒予 | 2023 | 中国病毒病杂志2023，13，2： | 0 |
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