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| 1 | A Theoretical Analysis of Interactive Coercing Effects Between Urbanization and Eco-environment显示文摘Objectively, a complex interactive coercing relationship exists between urbanization and eco-environment, and the research of this relationship is primarily divided into three schools, i.e., interactive coercion theory, interactive promotion theory and coupling symbiosis theory. Harmonizing the relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is not only an important proposition for the national development plan but also the only way to promote healthy urbanization. Based on an analysis of urbanization process and its relationship with the eco-environment, this article analyzes interactive coercing effects between urbanization and eco-environment from three perspectives of population urbanization, economic urbanization and spatial urbanization, respectively, and analyzes risk effects of the interactive coercion. Further, it shows six basic laws followed by interactive coercion between urbanization and eco-environment, namely, coupling fission law, dynamic hierarchy law, stochastic fluctuation law, non-linear synergetic law, threshold value law and forewarning law, and divides the interactive coercing process into five stages, namely, low-level coordinate, antagonistic, break-in, ameliorative and high-grade coordinate. Based on the geometric derivation, the interactive coercing relationship between urbanization and eco-environment is judged to be non-linear and it can be explained by a double-exponential function formed by the combination of power and exponential functions. Then, the evolutionary types of the interactive coercing relationship are divided into nine ones: rudimentary coordinating, ecology-dominated, synchronal coordinating, urbanization lagging, stepwise break-in, exorbitant urbanization, fragile ecology, rudimentary break-in and unsustainable types. Finally, based on an interactive coercion model, the degree of interactive coercion can be examined, and then, an evolutionary cycle can be divided into four phases, namely rudimentary symbiosis, harmonious development, utmost increasing and spiral type rising. The study results offer a scientific decision-making of healthy urbanization for achieving the goal of eco-environment protection and promoting urbanization. | FANG Chuanglin WANG Jing | 2013 | Chinese Geographical Science2013，23，2： | 42 |
| 2 | Spatial differences and multi-mechanism of carbon footprint based on GWR model in provincial China显示文摘全球温暖是在世界后面的主要担心之一高速度的经济生长。怎么实现碳脚印和经济的协调发展将是世界的核心问题经济、社会的开发,以及在最近的年里的家和国外的研究的激烈的争论。基于精力消费,与自顶向下的生命周期途径和地理上加权的回归(GWR ) 综合模型,这篇论文在 2010 在省的中国分析了碳脚印的空间差别和多机制。第一,这研究用自顶向下的生命周期途径计算了每个省的碳脚印的数量并且发现在省的中国有碳脚印和人均的碳脚印的重要差别。有更高的碳脚印的省,主要在北中国定位了,有大经济规模;有更高人均的碳脚印的省主要在象北京,上海和充满精力的区域和重化学的底那样的中央城市里被散布。在 GIS 和空间分析模型(GWR 模型) 的帮助下,第二,这篇论文展开了经济规模的扩大是碳脚印的快速的生长的主要司机。人口和都市化的生长也充当了为碳脚印的增加支持因素。精力结构没为碳脚印的增加有可观的支持效果。改进精力效率是最重要的因素禁止成长的碳脚印。第三,开发低碳的经济和低碳的工业,以及倡导低碳的城市建设和改善的碳效率将是主要途径禁止碳脚印的快速的生长。中等控制经济规模和人口尺寸将也被要求减轻碳脚印。同时,低碳的城市的环境保护和建设将在都市化的过程唤起广泛的注意。 | WANG Shaojian FANG Chuanglin MA Haitao WANG Yang QIN Jing | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，4： | 40 |
| 3 | A proposal for the theoretical analysis of the interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations显示文摘Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development. | FANG Chuanglin ZHOU Chenghu GU Chaolin CHEN Liding LI Shuangcheng | 2017 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2017，27，12： | 36 |
| 4 | Important progress and future direction of studies on China's urban agglomerations显示文摘Urban agglomerations are an inevitable outcome of China's new national industrialization and urbanization reaching relatively advanced stages of development over the past 30 years. In the early 2000 s, urban agglomerations became new geographical units for participating in global competition and the international division of labor, and China has spent the past decade promoting them as the main spaces for pushing forward its new form of urbanization. The convening of the first Central Work Conference on Urbanization and the National New-type Urbanization Plan(2014–2020) further defined the status of urban agglomerations as the main players in promoting China's new type of national urbanization. Nevertheless, urban agglomerations remain a weak link in Chinese academia and are in urgent need of study. Only 19 articles on the theme of urban agglomerations were published in the journal Acta Geographica Sinica between 1934 and 2013, accounting for only 0.55% of all articles written during that period. Not only are there very few, they have also all been published within a relatively short period of time, with the first having been published only 10 years ago. The studies are also concentrated among only a few authors and institutions, and research is aimed at national requirements but is rather divergent. Even so, some studies on urban agglomerations have played a leading role and made important contributions to dictating the overall formation of urban agglomerations nationwide. Specifically, a proposed spatial pattern for urban agglomerations formed the basic framework for the spatial structure of China's urban agglomerations and guided the government to make urban agglomerations the main urban pattern when promoting the new type of urbanization; proposed standards and technologies for identifying the spatial dimensions of urban agglomerations played an important role in defining the scope of national urban agglomerations; a series of studies in the area of urban agglomerations spurred more in-depth and practical studies in the field; and studies on issues related to the formation and growth of urban agglomerations provided warnings on the future selection and development of urban agglomerations. Taking the progress and results of these studies as a foundation, the foci of selecting and developing urban agglomerations in China are as follows: to be problem-oriented and profoundly reflect on and review new problems exposed in the selection and development of urban agglomerations; to concentrate on urban agglomerations and lay importance on the formation of a new '5+9+6' spatial structure for China's urban agglomerations; to rely on urban agglomerations and promote the formation of a new pattern of national urbanization along the main axes highlighted by urban agglom-erations; to be guided by national strategic demand and continue to deepen understanding of major scientific issues in the course of the formation and development of urban agglomerations, including studying the resource and environmental effects of high-density urban agglomerations, scientifically examining resource and environmental carrying capacities of high-density urban agglomerations, creating new management systems and government coordination mechanisms for the formation and development of urban agglomerations, studying the establishment of public finance systems and public finance reserve mechanisms for urban agglomerations, and studying and formulating technical specifications for urban agglomeration planning and standards for delineating urban agglomeration boundaries. | FANG Chuanglin | 2015 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2015，25，8： | 32 |
| 5 | Structure of Chinese City Network as Driven by Technological Knowledge Flows显示文摘Based on patent cooperation data,this study used a range of city network analysis approaches in order to explore the structure of the Chinese city network which is driven by technological knowledge flows.The results revealed the spatial structure,composition structure,hierarchical structure,group structure,and control structure of Chinese city network,as well as its dynamic factors.The major findings are:1) the spatial pattern presents a diamond structure,in which Wuhan is the central city;2) although the invention patent knowledge network is the main part of the broader inter-city innovative cooperation network,it is weaker than the utility model patent;3) as the senior level cities,Beijing,Shanghai and the cities in the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta Region show a strong capability of both spreading and controlling technological knowledge;4) whilst a national technology alliance has preliminarily formed,regional alliances have not been adequately established;5) even though the cooperation level amongst weak connection cities is not high,such cities still play an important role in the network as a result of their location within ′structural holes′ in the network;and 6) the major driving forces facilitating inter-city technological cooperation are geographical proximity,hierarchical proximity and technological proximity. | MA Haitao FANG Chuanglin PANG Bo WANG Shaojian | 2015 | Chinese Geographical Science2015，25，4： | 28 |
| 6 | 交互联合上的国际进步和评估在都市化和 eco 环境之间完成显示文摘全球都市化正在施加严重应力并且在 eco 环境上有影响深远的影响,并且还在那里存在在二之间的一种复杂非线性的联合关系。关于在都市化和 eco 环境之间的交互联合效果的研究将在下一 10 年里在国际地球系统科学和可持续性科学是学习和边疆的一个流行区域,当也是到国际组织的特别兴趣的一个高优先级的研究话题时。这篇论文系统地对照并且总结在关于交互联合理论的研究取得的国际进步,联合机制,联合法律,联合阀值,联合模型并且联合优化决定支持系统,联合关系。研究显示出交互联合理论包括的那都市化和 eco 环境 Kuznets 曲线理论, telecoupling 理论,行星的边界理论,脚印家庭理论和城市的新陈代谢理论;关于交互联合关系的大多数研究关心单身者 -- 元素联合关系,例如那些在都市化和水之间,土地,空气,气候变化,生态系统和生物多样性;关于交互联合机制和法律的研究的多数集中于五个研究范例,包括联合的人和自然开发和 eco 环境限制包围的系统,复杂聚会生态的系统,城市的生态系统, social-economic-natural 建筑群生态系统,和都市化;交互联合模拟使用 STIRPAT 的多数当模特儿,联合城市的计算机建模的度模型,多代理人系统模型和大数据;并且研究在联合阀值,强制风险和最佳的决定支持的都市化和 eco 环境上被执行了系统。在关于在都市化和 eco 环境之间的交互联合的国际研究的进步的客观评估建议有缺乏的焦点的点和六个区域研究的六主要研究:很多研究在宏观的联合效果上存在,与关于联合效果的城市的凝块和规模的很少研究;可观的研究在单个尺寸的联合效果上存在,与多重尺寸的联合效果上的很少;很多存在在上一对一双 -- 元素联合效果,与 many-to-many 上的很少,多重元素的联合完成;很多在在联合效果的否定反馈上联合效果,和很少的积极反馈上存在;很多在实验联合效果上存在,并且理论联合上的很少完成;很多在使用综合模拟方法上在简单量的方法,和很少的使用上存在。未来研究应该集中于在城市的凝块和 eco 环境联合在都市化之间的效果,空间规模联合效果,多维的联合效果, telecoupling 效果,一对多并且 many-to-many 元素联合效果,和积极、否定的反馈联合效果。也有需要为多元素, -scale,-scenario, 模块和代理人加强动态模型的开发和应用程序综合空间与时间的联合系统并且进一步在联合效果研究改进理论革新并且集成并且形成完全、多样的联合理论系统。 | FANG Chuanglin LIU Haimeng LI Guangdong | 2016 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2016，26，8： | 28 |
| 7 | Evolution of coordination degree of eco-economic system and early-warning in the Yangtze River Delta显示文摘根据长江三角洲( YRD )经济的 Landsat TM 数据在 1991 , 2001 和 2008 的地区,这篇文章,作为学习单位在这个区域拿 90 个县,造的空间数据转变模型,生态系统服务价值( ESV )和eco经济的系统( CDES )的协作度当模特儿。在 ArcGIS9.3 的帮助下,集体格子和向量数据为空间分析被处理了。ESV 和 CDES 索引在研究区域表明了在经济开发和 eco 环境系统和它的进化特征之间的关系。而且,这些索引也被用于功能的 zoning 和模式识别。一些结果能如下被显示出。自从 1991,第一,在 YRD 的陆地使用极大地变化了:城市的陆地区域首先从原来的稻土地,干燥陆地,草地,花园阴谋和另外的陆地增加了。第二, ESV 模型从 1991 ~ 2001 并且更慢证明了 YRD 生态的系统的恶化趋势降级趋势在 20012008 期间。另外,来自到城市的区域和干燥土地的水区域和稻地的陆地使用变换能引起大损坏到生态系统稳定,这被说明。第三,自从 1991,在 YRD 的中央、南部的部分的 GDP 在北部分比那高。在中央部分的 GDP 生长率在 19912001 期间在北部分比那高。在中央部分的这生长率在从 2001 ~ 2008 的 YRD 的南部、北的部分也比那高。第四, YRD 能以 CDES 被分成分区的 12 种类型索引。根据它在学习区域的 CDES 索引价值的空间特征,有位于中央部分的低 CDES 价值的 eco 经济的冲突区域用高 CDES 价值由协调 eco 的区域被包围。这说明核心圆周空间结构在 YRD 存在。在 19912001 期间, CDES 价值在学习区域暗示了 eco 经济的系统的会聚的恶化趋势;当它逐渐地在 20012008 期间走了入分叉的恶化和协作的共存时。最后,这份报纸在 YRD 分析了五个分区,包括开始降级的地区,开始同等的地区,连续地降级的地区,衰退协作的地区和支持协作的地区,基于 eco 经济的协作和进化模式。,并且由空间转变模型。 | WANG Zhenbo FANG Chuanglin CHENG Shaowen WANG Jing | 2013 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2013，23，1： | 24 |
| 8 | Analysis of emergy-based metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure on the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration显示文摘We use emergy-based urban metabolism analysis in this study to investigate the local coupling and telecoupling between urbanization and the eco-environment in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Our analysis encompasses the last 35 years spanning the period between 1980 and 2014. In addition, we analyze urban metabolic efficiency and environmental pressure in these couplings. There are three main conclusions of this study. First, we show that the total metabolic emergy value of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has increased over the last 35 years, and that external elements have replaced internal ones as the leading contributors to urban metabolism in this region. The proportion of metabolic emergy derived from external elements increased from 30.87% in 1980 to 67.43% in 2014. The emergy extroversion ratio has continued to increase over our study period, while the development of this urban agglomeration had become progressively and more heavily reliant on external elements. Second, over the study period, the metabolic emergy intensity of elements of local coupling and telecoupling in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration has declined at an accelerating rate, from 1.15×10^(21) Sej/100 million RMB in1980 to 9.69×10^(19) Sej/100 million RMB in 2014. This reflects a continuous increase in the economic efficiency of this area.Correspondingly, emergy use per capita increased from 7.8×10^(15) Sej/person in 1980 to 5.83×10^(16) Sej/person in 2014, suggesting a gradual rise in the level of social welfare in this urban agglomeration. However, we also observed a consistently elevated environmental loading ratio(ELR) in our analysis in terms of metabolism of local coupling and telecoupling elements. This result indicates that environmental pressure has also increased constantly within the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. Third,our analysis shows that the ELR of metabolic emergy from internal elements increased from 8.30 in 1980 to 43.46 in 2014, while the ratio from external elements increased from 4.15 to 92.03. Thus, we quantitatively investigated the dependency of development within this urban agglomeration on external elements as well as the resultant environmental load. The conclusions of this study provide the basis for quantitative policy-making in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, optimizing economic structures, improving economic efficiency, controlling environmental pollution, and promoting the coordinated development of this region. | FANG ChuangLin REN YuFei | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，6： | 22 |
| 9 | Urban Construction Land Suitability Evaluation Based on Improved Multi-criteria Evaluation Based on GIS(MCE-GIS): Case of New Hefei City,China显示文摘Urban construction land suitability evaluation(UCLSE)is a complex system engineering and the basis for rational use of the limited urban land resources in China.It has an important practical value on urban construction land use planning and management from the angle of methodology.As a widely used technique,traditional multi-criteria evaluation based on GIS(MCE-GIS),is not suitable for UCLSE.This study develops an improved MCE-GIS method which could be more suitable for UCLSE based on urban complex ecological system theory and the summary of the shortcomings of traditional MCE-GIS.The improvements include three aspects:a composite evaluation index system rather than natural indexes alone,an index weight calculated by using fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method rather than the common AHP method,and the integrated overlay rule,which includes selecting the minimum value,weighted linear combination(WLC)and simple summation.The main advantage of this improved technique is that it can make UCLSE more comprehensive,more operational and more reasonable.It can provide a scientific basis for decision making in the planning and management of urban construction land use.The improved MCE-GIS system has been adopted in the New Hefei City,Anhui Province,China.Based on the results of UCLSE in New Hefei,three functional areas including construction-appropriate areas,construction-restricted areas and construction-forbidden areas could be worked out,in which 36.90%of the total study area could be developed as urban construction land and the remaining 63.10%should be protected as reserves land or as ecological land.Furthermore,the results can provide scientific decision support for spatial planning and eco-environment protection in New Hefei. | ZHANG Xiaorui FANG Chuanglin WANG Zhenbo MA Haitao | 2013 | Chinese Geographical Science2013，23，6： | 18 |
| 10 | A New Approach to Measurement of Regional Inequality in Particular Directions显示文摘Regional inequality is a core issue in geography,and it can be measured by several approaches and indexes.However,the global inequality measures can not reflect regional characteristics in terms of spatiality and non-mobility,as well as correctly explore regional inequality in particular directions.Although conventional between-group inequality indexes can measure the inequality in particular directions,they can not reflect the reversals of regional patterns and changes of within-group patterns.Therefore,we set forth a new approach to measure regional inequality in particular directions,which is applicable to geographic field.Based on grouping,we established a new index to measure regional inequality in particular directions named Particular Direction Inequality index(PDI index),which is comprised of between-group inequality of all data and between-group average gap.It can reflect regional spatiality and non-mobility,judge the main direction of regional inequality,and capture the changes and reversals of regional patterns.We used the PDI index to measure the changes of regional inequality from 1952 to 2009 in China.The results show that:1) the main direction of China's regional inequality was between coastal areas and inland areas;the increasing extent of inequality between coastal areas and inland areas was higher than the global inequality;2) the PDI index can measure the between-region average gap,and is more sensitive to evolution of within-region patterns;3) the inequality between the northern China and the southern China has been decreasing from 1952 to 2009 and was reversed in 1994 and 1995. | WANG Yang FANG Chuanglin XIU Chunliang LIU Daqian | 2012 | Chinese Geographical Science2012，22，6： | 17 |
| 11 | Optimization Transmission Theory and Technical Pathways that Describe Multiscale Urban Agglomeration Spaces显示文摘Urban agglomerations are spatial entities that promote the development of ‘new urbanization' processes within China. In this context, the concept of ‘multiscale urban agglomeration spaces' encompasses three linked levels: macroscale urban agglomerations, mesoscale cities, and microscale urban centers. Applying a series of multidisciplinary integrated research methods drawn from geography, urban planning, and architecture, this paper reveals two intensive utilization laws that can be generalized to apply to multiscale urban agglomeration spaces, top-to-bottom ‘positive transmission' linkage and inside-to-outside ‘negative transmission' movement. This paper also proposes optimization transmission theory and policy decision technical pathways that can be applied to these three urban agglomeration spatial scales. Specific technical pathways of transmission include intensive expansion and simulated decision-making in macroscale urban agglomerations, ecology, production, and living space intensive layout and dynamic decision-making in mesoscale cities, and four cores(i.e., ‘single, ring, axis, and pole core') progressive linkage and intensive optimization decision-making in microscale urban centers. The theory and technical pathways proposed in this paper solve the technical problem of optimization and provide intensive methods that can be applied not only at the individual level but also at multiple scales in urban agglomeration spaces. This study also advances a series of comprehensive technical solutions that can be applied to both compact and smart growth cities as well as to urban agglomerations. Solid theoretical support is provided for the optimization of Chinese land development, urbanization, agricultural development, and ecological security. | FANG Chuanglin YANG Junyan FANG Jiawen HUANG Xiejun ZHOU Yi | 2018 | Chinese Geographical Science2018，28，4： | 14 |
| 12 | Mutual optimization of water utilization structure and industrial structure in arid inland river basins of Northwest China显示文摘Water is a key restricting factor of the economic development and eco-environmental protection in arid inland river basins of Northwest China. Although water supplies are short, the water utilization structure and the corresponding industrial structure are unbalanced. We constructed a System Dynamic Model for mutual optimization based on the mechanism of their interaction. This model is applied to the Heihe River Basin where the share of limited water resources among ecosystem, production and human living is optimized. Results show that, by mutual optimization, the water utilization structure and the industrial structures fit in with each other. And the relationships between the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Heihe River Basin can be harmonized. Mutual benefits of ecology, society and economy can be reached, and a sustainable ecology-production-living system can be obtained. This study gives a new insight and method for the sustainable utilization of water resources in arid inland river basins. | BAO Chao FANG Chuanglin CHEN Fan | 2006 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2006，16，1： | 14 |
| 13 | Measurement and Spatio-temporal Distribution of Urbanization Development Quality of Urban Agglomeration in China显示文摘Urbanization development quality(UDQ) of urban agglomeration(UA) is one of the important indexes to evaluate if the UA urbanization speed is reasonable,if the population urbanization process is sound,if the economic urbanization process is efficient,if the social urbanization process is harmonious and fair,which is generally composed of three parts,including economic urbanization development quality,social urbanization development quality and spa-tial urbanization security quality.With the research of evolution rules of UDQ,through the analysis on the interactive coordination relation between UDQ and urbanization level,the paper proposes three dimensional index ball and stan-dard value of comprehensive measures of UDQ,which is composed of three categories of indexes.By introducing At-kinson model,this paper constructs the sub-element measure model and segmental measure model of UDQ,and fur-ther makes an overall evaluation on the characteristic of UDQ of UAs in China.Results show that:1) UDQ of UAs lied at optimization and upgrading phase during 1995-2008 and the quality was low.Population urbanization level did not reflect the UDQ of UAs;2) the improving speed of the spatial urbanization security quality was higher than the so-cial urbanization development quality,and the improving speed of economic urbanization development quality was the lowest;3) the coordination between UDQ and urbanization level was not so good;4) there was a weak correlation re-lation between UDQ and UA scale,and it was not true that the bigger the UA was,the better the UDQ was. | WANG Deli FANG Chuanglin GAO Boyang HUANG Jinchuan YANG Qingshan | 2011 | Chinese Geographical Science2011，21，6： | 13 |
| 14 | Comprehensive Measurement for Carrying Capacity of Resources and Environment of City Clusters in Central China显示文摘Studying the carrying capacity of resources and environment of city clusters in the central China has important practical guidance significance for promoting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of this region. According to their influencing factors and reciprocity mechanism, using system dynamics approaches, this paper built a SD model for measuring the carrying capacity of resources and environment of the city clusters in the central China, and through setting different development models, the comprehensive measurement analysis on the carrying capacity was carried out. The results show that the model of promoting socio-economic development under the protection of resources and environment is the optimal model for promoting the harmony development of resources, environment, society and economy in the city clusters. According to this model, the optimum population scale of the city clusters in 2020 is 42.80×106 persons, and the moderate economic development scale is 22.055×1012 yuan (RMB). In 1996-2020, the carrying capacity of resources and environment in the city clusters took on obvious phase-change characteristics. During the studied period, it is basically at the initial development stage, and will come through the development process from slow development to speedup development. | FANG Chuanglin LIU Xiaoli | 2010 | Chinese Geographical Science2010，20，3： | 12 |
| 15 | Stability of Spatial Structure of Urban Agglomeration in China Based on Central Place Theory显示文摘This paper brings forward the concept of stability of the spatial structure of urban agglomeration(UA)based on Central Place Theory by introducing centrality index and fractal theory.Before assessment,K=4 is selected as parameter to calculate centrality index and fractal dimension(K represents the quantitive relationship between city and the counties in Central Place Theory),and then found the number of nodes,the type of spatial structure,the spatial al-location of nodes with different hierarchy affecting the stability of spatial structure.According to spatial contact direction and the level of stability,UAs in China are classified into five types.Finally,it is posed as a further question that how to use hierarchical relation K=6 and K=7 in central place system to coordinate with the assessment of stability of spatial structure is brought forward. | Fang Chuanglin Song Jitao Song Dunjiang | 2007 | Chinese Geographical Science2007，17，3： | 11 |
| 16 | Spatiotemporal characteristics of the expansion of an urban agglomeration and its effect on the eco-environment: Case study on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains显示文摘Urban agglomerations, which are highly integrated urban groups, form during the advanced stages of industrialization and urban development. The urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains is one of the 19 urban agglomerations promoted by China’s 13th Five-Year Plan and a key area of urbanization in Xinjiang. Based on remote sensing data, we analyzed the expansion of construction land in the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and its effect on ecological value in 1980–2015. The results show that the expansion of construction land significantly affected ecological value in the study area over the past 35 years. Among land use types, grassland was the dominant contributor to changes in ecological value;its contribution rate reached 66.27% with an interannual variation of only 5%. The contribution rate of urban and rural residential land along with industrial and mining lands was very low(0.82%), while the interannual variation was large(86%). The area of construction land in the urban agglomeration expanded from 1,067 to 2,586 km^2, and the conversions of different land use types had different effects on ecological value. Among land use types, the conversions of lowcoverage grassland and dry land made the largest contributions to changes in ecological value. During the study period, a total of 1,685 km^2 of ecological land, 69.91% of which belonged to cultivated land and grassland, was converted into construction land.A total area of 1,082 km^2 of dry land and low-coverage grassland was converted into construction land, accounting for 64.21% of the total ecological land that was converted into construction land. In 2000–2015, the area of urban construction land increased significantly along with the proportion of unused land, including gobi(172 km^2), bare land(65 km^2), and salt-affected land(65 km^2), being converted into construction land. In contrast, the area of construction land that was converted into ecological land was less than 166 km^2. The areas with the largest expansions of construction land were concentrated in Urumqi, Karamay,and Changji, where the areas of construction land increased by 399, 186, and 126 km^2, respectively. The areas with the most rapid expansions in construction land were concentrated in Kuytun, Toksun, and Usu. The environmental effects of construction land expansion and land use change were more positive in the late stage of urban agglomeration(2000–2015) compared to in the early stage(1980–2000). Kuytun City, Shihezi City, and Wujiaqu City showed large changes in ecological value caused by the expansion of construction land, whereas the changes in ecological value in the 14 other cities were relatively small, and the expansion of construction land slowed in 2000–2015 compared to in 1980–2000. In the future, further development of the urban agglomeration on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains should fully consider the sensitivity and carrying capacity of the vulnerable ecological environment in this area. Population growth and industrial development in the urban agglomeration should be controlled based on the available water resources and ecological capacity to reduce the pressure on the environment and ensure sustainable development. | Chuanglin FANG Qian GAO Xiaolei ZHANG Weiguo CHENG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，9： | 11 |
| 17 | Quantitative measuring and influencing mechanism of urban and rural land intensive use in ChinaQuantitative measuring and influencing mechanism of urban and rural land intensive use in China显示文摘Land use issue is an important constraining force to limit economic sustainable development of China. Urban and rural rapid expansion depletes valued land resources under the background of rapid urbanization. An extensive use pattern might cause a serious waste of land resources. The study on influencing mechanism of land intensive use(LIU) in China at the county level is a key tool for effective LIU practice and policy-making. This paper uses OLS model, Spatial Panel Lagged model and Spatial Panel Error model to quantitatively analyze the influencing mechanisms of five class factors and 17 variables supported by GIS(Geographic Information System) and MATLAB. And a comprehensive data set was developed including physical geography and socio-economic information of 2286 counties. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal pattern of LIU has discussed by means of GIS. The results show that Spatial Panel Data models are slightly superior to OLS model in terms of significance and confidence level. Regression results of these models indicate that industrialization, urbanization, economic development level, location, transportation and policy have significant impact on LIU of counties. The variables of physical geography are less significant than socio-economic variables. An ignored variable of historical factor, however, became the best significant factor. In the future, the LIU at the county level should take advantage of the new situation by enhancing favorable factors and reducing disadvantageous ones, which can be acquired by improving the entire level and quality of industrialization and urbanization. We argued that an efficient and complete land market and operating system should be built to reflect market-oriented activities at the first place, then, differential LIU regulation policies and measurements should be optimized according to regional differences. In the meantime, we should pay close attention to the carrying capacity of local resources and environments when conducting LIU practices. | LI Guangdong FANG Chuanglin PANG Bo | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，5： | 11 |
| 18 | Evaluation of Three-dimensional Urban Expansion: A Case Study of Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China显示文摘With rapid urban development in China in the last two decades, the three-dimensional(3D) characteristic has been the main feature of urban morphology. However, the vast majority of researches of urban growth have focused on the planar area(two-dimensional(2D)) expansion. Few studies have been conducted from a 3D perspective. In this paper, the 3D urban expansion of the Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China from 2003 to 2012 was evaluated based on Geographical Information System(GIS) tools and high-resolution remote sensing images. Four indices, namely weighted average height of buildings, volume of buildings, 3D expansion intensity and 3D fractal dimension are used to quantify the 3D urban expansion. The weighted average height of buildings and the volume of buildings are used to illustrate the temporal change of the 3D urban morphology, while the other two indices are used to calculate the expansion intensity and the fractal dimension of the 3D urban morphology. The results show that the spatial distribution of the high-rise buildings in Yangzhou has significantly spread and the utilization of the 3D space of Yangzhou has become more efficient and intensive. The methods proposed in this paper laid a foundation for a wide range of study of 3D urban morphology changes. | QIN Jing FANG Chuanglin WANG Yang LI Guangdong WANG Shaojian | 2015 | Chinese Geographical Science2015，25，2： | 10 |
| 19 | Impact of farmer households' livelihood assets on their options of economic compensation patterns for cultivated land protection显示文摘With rapid urbanization and the socio-economic transformation, cultivated land protection has gradually become a major concern in China. The economic compensation plays a crucial role in promoting cultivated land protection and improving the utilization ratio of cultivated land. Farmer household's satisfaction has a great influence on the effectiveness of compensation. Therefore, households' willingness to select the economic compensation pattern for cultivated land protection has been considered and re-examined. By employing Participatory Rural Appraisal method(PRA), 3 villages and 392 households were investigated and sampled in mesa and hilly areas of Chongqing. Then a quantitative analysis framework of household livelihood hexagon has been developed to quantify the livelihood assets of different farmer households. Finally, the Gray Relation Model and Probit Regression Model have been employed to explore the coupling relationship between the household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern options. The results show that there are both qualitative and spatial heterogeneity in household livelihood assets. We found that the inequality of livelihood assets is evident for five household types. There is a spatial trend that the higher the elevation, the less livelihood assets are. In addition, their options of economic compensation pattern vary from Chengdu Pattern to Foshan Pattern due to their difference in livelihood assets and difference in location. In detail, there is a coupling relationship between household livelihood assets and their compensation pattern; negative correlation is observed between natural assets value and household pattern options, while the other livelihood assets have positive impacts on compensation pattern in varying degrees, which from the top are psychological assets, human assets, physical assets, financial assets, and social assets respectively. A conceptual compensation pattern system has been designed to meet the demands for farmer households mainly according to their shortage in livelihood assets. In addition, compensation method, compensation standard, the basis of compensation and the source of compensation funds have been proposed accordingly. | LI Guangdong FANG Chuanglin QIU Daochi WANG Liping | 2014 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2014，24，2： | 10 |
| 20 | Advantages and dynamics of urban agglomeration development on Yangtze River Delta显示文摘长江三角洲(UA-YRD ) 上的城市的凝块在水,土地,生态的环境,地点和交通的方面有一些优点。依靠资源环境库和另外的优点, UA-YRD 完成了大开发。基于索引系统和全面评估的模型,自从 1978,纸计算 UA-YRD 的发展水平。从 1978~2007 ,开发水平以 0.0333 的年度率逐年增加了的结果表演,和开发的进程能被划分成三个阶段,即低速度的开发舞台( 19781991 ),快速的开发舞台( 19912000 ),并且高速度的开发舞台( 20002007 )。速度分别地是 0.0083, 0.0356 和 0.0766。在 30 年的发展期间,外国经济活动在开发有最大的效果,由交通,工业经济活动和电信列在后面(有序) 。另外,不同驱动力在不同阶段有不同效果。纸建议更多的注意应该对高速度的发展阶段和重要驱动力被给予驾驶它的发展。同时,资源和环境的限制不应该被忽视,长有效的机制需要被证实在 UA 发展,资源利用和环境保护之中支撑和谐开发。一些比较研究应该着急地被执行有效地支持并且支持 UA 的持续开发,特别向进化,驱动力和 braking 力量。 | WANG Jing FANG Chuanglin WANG Zhenbo | 2012 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2012，22，3： | 9 |
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