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| 1 | Review of evolution of tunnel position in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction显示文摘Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) rupture is one of the commonest knee sport injuries. The annual incidence of the ACL injury is between 100000-200000 in the United States. Worldwide around 400000 ACL reconstructions are performed in a year. The goal of ACL reconstruction is to restore the normal knee anatomy and kinesiology. The tibial and femoral tunnel placements are of primordial importance in achieving this outcome. Otherfactors that influence successful reconstruction are types of grafts, surgical techniques and rehabilitation programmes. A comprehensive understanding of ACL anatomy has led to the development of newer techniques supplemented by more robust biological and mechanical concepts. In this review we are mainly focussing on the evolution of tunnel placement in ACL reconstruction, focusing on three main categories, i.e., anatomical, biological and clinical outcomes. The importance of tunnel placement in the success of ACL reconstruction is well researched. Definite clinical and functional data is lacking to establish the superiority of the single or double bundle reconstruction technique. While there is a trend towards the use of anteromedial portals for femoral tunnel placement, their clinical superiority over trans-tibial tunnels is yet to be established. | Faizal Rayan Shashi Kumar Nanjayan Conal Quah Darryl Ramoutar Sujith Konan Fares S Haddad | 2015 | World Journal of Orthopedics2015，6，2： | 7 |
| 2 | Predicting lower limb periprosthetic joint infections: A review of risk factors and their classification显示文摘AIM To undertook a systematic review to determine factors that increase a patient's risk of developing lower limb periprosthetic joint infections(PJI).METHODS This systematic review included full-text studies that reviewed risk factors of developing either a hip or knee PJI following a primary arthroplasty published from January 1998 to November 2016. A variety of keywords were used to identify studies through international databases referencing hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, infection, and risk factors. Studies were only included if they included greater than 20 patients in their study cohort, and there was clear documentation of the statistical parameter used; specifically P-value, hazard ratio, relative risk, or/and odds ratio(OR). Furthermore a quality assessment criteria for the individual studies was undertaken to evaluate the presence of record and reporting bias. RESULTS Twenty-seven original studies reviewing risk factors relating to primary total hip and knee arthroplasty infections were included. Four studies(14.8%) reviewed PJI of the hip, 3(11.21%) of the knee, and 20(74.1%) reviewed both joints. Nineteen studies(70.4%) were retrospective and 8(29.6%) prospective. Record bias was identified in the majority of studies(66.7%). The definition of PJI varied amongst the studies but there was a general consensus to define infection by previously validated methods. The most significant risks were the use of preoperative high dose steroids(OR = 21.0, 95%CI: 3.5-127.2, P < 0.001), a BMI above 50(OR = 18.3, P < 0.001), tobacco use(OR = 12.76, 95%CI: 2.47-66.16, P= 0.017), body mass index below 20(OR = 6.00, 95%CI: 1.2-30.9, P = 0.033), diabetes(OR = 5.47, 95%CI: 1.77-16.97, P = 0.003), and coronary artery disease(OR = 5.10, 95%CI: 1.3-19.8, P = 0.017).CONCLUSION We have highlighted the need for the provider to optimise modifiable risk factors, and develop strategies to limit the impact of non-modifiable factors. | David A George Lorenzo Drago Sara Scarponi Enrico Gallazzi Fares S Haddad Carlo L Romano | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 3 |
| 3 | Multilateral Productivity Comparisons When Some Outputs Are Undesirable: A Nonparametric Approach 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Lovell C | 1989 | Review of Economics and Statistics1989，71，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Network DEA显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S | 2000 | Socio - Economic Planning Sciences2000，，34： | 1 |
| 5 | Productivity growth, technical progress and efficiency challenges in industrialized countries 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Norris M | 1997 | The American Economic Review1997，87，： | 1 |
| 6 | Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Norris M Zhang Z | 1994 | American Economic Review1994，84，： | 1 |
| 7 | Modeling undesirable factors in efficiency evaluation: Comment 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S | 2004 | European Journal of Operational Research2004，157，： | 1 |
| 8 | Productivity growth,technical progress,and efficiency change in industrialized countries显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Norris M | 1994 | AmericanEconomic Review1994，84，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Productivity changes in Swedish Pharmacies 1980- 1989: A Non- parametric Malmquist approach 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskop{ S Lindgren B Roos P | 1992 | Journal of Productivity Analysis1992，，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Productivity and Undesirable Outputs:A Directional Distance Funct ion Approach显示文摘 | Chung Y H Fare R Grosskopf S | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Productivity growth technical progress and efficiency change in industrialized countries显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Norris Metal | 1994 | American Economic Review1994，84，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Productivity growth, technical progress and efficiency change in industrialized countries 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Norris M etc | 1994 | The American Economist Review1994，84，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Environmental production fun- ctions and environmental directional distance functions显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Pasurkajr C | 2007 | Ener- gy2007，32，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Productivity growth,Technical progress and efficiency change in industrialized countries显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S | 1994 | American Economic Revies1994，，84： | 1 |
| 15 | Characteristics of a Polluting Technology: Theory and Practice 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Noh D W | 2005 | Journal of Econometrics2005，126，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Environmental production flmctions and environmentaldirectional distance functions 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S Pasurka Jr C A | 2007 | Energy2007，32，： | 1 |
| 17 | A nonparametric cost approach to scale efficiency显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskopf S | 1985 | Journal of Econometrics1985，87，： | 1 |
| 18 | Slacks and congestion: a comment 显示文摘 | FARE R GROSSKOPF S | 2000 | Socio-Economic Planning Sciences2000，34，： | 1 |
| 19 | Derivation of shadow prices for undesirable outputs: a distance function approach 显示文摘 | Fare R Grosskop F S Lovell K | 1993 | The Review of Economics and Statistics1993，75，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Productivity and undesirable outputs: a directional distance function approach显示文摘 | Chung Y H Fare R Grosskopf S | 1997 | Jour- nal of Environmental Management1997，51，3： | 1 |
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