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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia and astigmatism: safety and efficacy显示文摘 | Alan Sugar Christopher J Rapuano William W Culbertson David Huang Gary A Varley Peter J Agapitos Vincent P de Luise Douglas D Koch | 2002 | Ophthalmology2002，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | β-Cyclodextrin Post-Column Fluorescence Enhancement of Aflatoxins for Reverse-Phase Liguid Chromatographic Determination in Corn显示文摘 | Octavl J Francis J R Gary P | 1988 | J AOAC Int1988，71，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Stereos- elective synthesis of/3-L-2' ,3'-dideoxy-and L-2', 3'-dide- hydro-2', 3 '-dideoxy purine nucleosides 显示文摘 | WANG Pei-yuan BOLON P J GARY N M | 1999 | Nucleosides and Nucleotides1999，18，1112： | 1 |
| 5 | Fast and learnable behavioral and cognitive modeling for virtual character animation 显示文摘 | Dinerstein J Egbert P de Garis H | 2004 | Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds2004，15，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Benefits associated with supplier integration into new product development under conditions of technology uncertainty 显示文摘 | GARY L R ROBERT B H KENNETH J P | 2002 | Business Research2002，，55： | 1 |
| 7 | Fischer-Tropsch synthesis:Deactivation of noble metal-promoted Co/Al2O3 catalysts显示文摘 | GARY J PATRICIA M P ZHANG Y DAS T LI J DAVIS B H | 2002 | Appl Catal A2002，233，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: characterization and catalytic properties of rhenium promoted cobalt alumina catalysts显示文摘 | Tapan K D Gary J Patterson P M | 2003 | Fuel2003，82，： | 1 |
| 9 | A general steady state dis-tribution based stopping criteria for finite length ge-netic algorithms显示文摘 | PARAG C P GARY J K | 2007 | European Journal of OperationalResearch2007，176，： | 1 |
| 10 | Mechanisms of lead neurotoxicity 显示文摘 | Joseph P Bressler J Gary W | 1991 | Biochem Pharmacol1991，41，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Use of the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction(RAPD-PCR)to detect DNA polymorphisms in aphids Ho-moptera:Aphididae)显示文摘 | WILLIAM G B NANCY M D GARY J P | 1992 | Bulletin of Entomological Research1992，82，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Supplier integration into new product development:coordinating product,process and supply chain design显示文摘 | KENNERH J P ROBERT B H GARY L R | 2005 | Journal of Operations Management2005，23，： | 1 |
| 13 | Hammond (2000) statistical issues in tumor marker studies显示文摘 | Thomas F P Gary M C Daniel J | 2000 | Arch Pathol Lab Med2000，124，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Morphological analyses of natural organic matter (NOM) fouling of low pressure membranes (MF/UF)显示文摘 | LEE N GARY A CROUE J P | 2005 | Journal of Membrane Science2005，261，： | 1 |
| 15 | Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management 显示文摘 | DAVID J T GARY P AMY S | 1997 | Strategic Management Journal1997，，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Membrane filtration of NOM: factors and mechanisms affecting rejection and flux decline with charge UF membrane 显示文摘 | CHO J GARY A JOHN P | 2000 | Journal Membrane Sci2000，164，： | 1 |
| 17 | Validation of a gas chromatography-mass spectro- metry isotope dilution method for the determination of 2-butoxyethanol and other common glycol ethers in consumer products显示文摘 | Ryszard T Ying J Gary P | 2010 | Journal of Chromatography A2010，1217，： | 1 |
| 18 | Applying DBP models to full-scale plants显示文摘 | Westerhoff P Debroux J Gary L A | 2000 | AWWA2000，92，3： | 1 |
| 19 | The effects of multiple impacts on the cushioning properties of closed-cell foams 显示文摘 | Burgess J Singh S P | 1990 | Packaging Tech Sci1990，3，： | 1 |
| 20 | Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management显示文摘 | David J Gary P Amy S | 1997 | Strategic Management Journal1997，，18： | 1 |
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