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| 1 | Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by dietary phytochemicals:From experimental models to clinical trials显示文摘Chemoprevention is one of the cancer prevention approaches wherein natural/synthetic agent(s) are prescribed with the aim to delay or disrupt multiple pathways and processes involved at multiple steps, i.e., initiation, promotion, and progression of cancer. Amongst environmental chemopreventive compounds, diet/beverage-derived components are under evaluation, because of their long history of exposure to humans, high tolerability, low toxicity, and reported biological activities. This compilation briefly covers and compares the available evidence on chemopreventive efficacy and probable mechanism of chemoprevention by selected dietary phytochemicals(capsaicin, curcumin, diallyl sulphide, genistein, green/black tea polyphenols, indoles, lycopene, phenethyl isocyanate, resveratrol, retinoids and tocopherols) in experimental systems and clinical trials. All the dietary phytochemicals covered in this review have demonstrated chemopreventive efficacy against spontaneous or carcinogen-induced experimental tumors and/or associated biomarkers and processes in rodents at several organ sites. The observed anti-initiating, anti-promoting and anti-progression activity of dietary phytochemicals in carcinogen-induced experimental models involve phytochemical-mediated redox changes, modulation of enzymes and signaling kinases resulting to effects on multiple genes and cell signaling pathways. Results from clinical trials using these compounds have not shown them to be chemopreventive. This may be due to our:(1) inability to reproduce the exposure conditions, i.e., levels, complexity, other host and lifestyle factors; and(2) lack of understanding about the mechanisms of action and agent-mediated toxicity in several organs and physiological processes in the host. Current research efforts in addressing the issues of exposure conditions, bioavailability, toxicity and the mode of action of dietary phytochemicals may help address the reason for observed mismatch that may ultimately lead to identification of new chemopreventive agents for protection against broad spectrum of exposures. | Girish B Maru Rasika R Hudlikar Gaurav Kumar Khushboo Gandhi Manoj B Mahimkar | 2016 | World Journal of Biological Chemistry2016，7，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 3 | Physical and chemical characterizations of corn stover and poplar solids resulting from leading pretreatment technologies显示文摘 | Rajeev K Gaurav M Venkatesh B | 2009 | Bioresource Technology2009，100，17： | 1 |
| 4 | lhe percuta neous compression plate versus the dynamic hip screw:a meta a- nalysis显示文摘 | SUKHMEET S P SAQEB M GAURAV B | 2008 | ActaOrthop Belg2008，74，1： | 1 |
| 5 | A Computational Study of Ionic Vacancies and Diffusion in MgSiO3 Perovskite and Postperovskite显示文摘 | Bijaya B Karki Gaurav Khanduja | 2007 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters2007，260，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Synthesis and evaluation of a radioiodinated tracer with specificity for poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) in vivo 显示文摘 | Filip Z Gaurav M Adele B | 2015 | J Med Chem2015，58，21： | 1 |
| 7 | Evolutionary Computation strategy for optimization of an Alkylation Reaction显示文摘 | Chaturvedi Gaurav | 2000 | Proceedings of International Symposium & 53rd Annual Session of IIChE (CHEMCON-2000) Science City Calcutta2000，2000，： | 1 |
| 8 | Human Visual System Inspired Multi-modal Medical Image Fusion Frame- work显示文摘 | GAURAV B JONATHAN Q M LIU Zheng | 2013 | Expert Systems with Applications2013，40，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Unburned carbon from bagasse fly ash as a support for a VOC oxidation catalyst 显示文摘 | Gaurav P Subramanian S Vidya S B | 2012 | Catalysis Today2012，190，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Analysis of Equations of State for Solids under High Compressions显示文摘 | Gaurav S Sharma B S Sharma S B | 2002 | Physica B2002，322，34： | 1 |
| 11 | Beam type hexapod structure based six component force-torque sensor显示文摘 | DWARAKANATH T A GAURAV B | 2011 | Mechatronics2011，21，8： | 1 |
| 12 | The synchrosqueezing algorithm for time-varying spectral analysis:Robustness properties and new paleoclimate applications显示文摘 | GAURAV T EUGENE B NEVEN S F | 2012 | Signal Processing2012，93，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Analysis of equation of state for solids under high compressions显示文摘 | GAURAV S SHARMR B S SHARMR S B UPADHYAYA S C | 2002 | Physica B2002，322，： | 1 |
| 14 | Do Context and Personality Matter: Trust and Privacy Concerns in Disclosing Private Information Online显示文摘 | GAURAV B FATEMEH M Z DAVID G | 2015 | Information & Management2015，，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Physical and chemical characterizations of com stayer and poplar solids resuhing from leading protreatment technologies显示文摘 | RAJEEV K GAURAV M VENKATESH B | 2009 | Bioresanrce Technology2009，100，17： | 1 |
| 16 | Chitosan derivatives for pH- sensitive stealth coating 显示文摘 | Xu P Gaurav B Tyler S | 2010 | Biomacromolecules2010，，11： | 1 |
| 17 | The percuta- neous com- pression plate versus the dynamic hip screw:a meta analysis显示文摘 | sukhmeet SP Saqeb M Gaurav B | 2008 | Ac- ta Orthop Belg2008，74，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Analysis of equations of state for solids under high compressions显示文摘 | GAURAV S SHARMA B S SHARMA S B UPADHYAYA S C | 2002 | Physica B2002，322，34： | 1 |
| 19 | A new robust reference watermarking seheme based on DWT-SVD显示文摘 | Gaurav B Balasubramanian R | 2009 | Computer Standards ~ Interfaces2009，31，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Analysis of equations of state for solids under high compressions显示文摘 | Gaurav S Shama B S Shama S B | 2002 | Physica B2002，322，： | 1 |
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