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| 1 | Highly active antiretroviral therapy dysregulates proliferation and differentiation of human pre-adipocytes显示文摘AIM To investigate the mechanism(s) by which potential effects of multi-drug highly-active antiretroviral therapy contributes to lipodystrophy syndrome. METHODS Preadipocytes from healthy donors were assessed for proliferation and differentiation in the presence of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors(NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors(PIs) individually and in combination. Effects on proliferation were assessed with a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay and effects on differentiation were assessed from glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH) activity and quantitation of Oil Red O staining for intracellular lipid. Data were analyzed with a randomized block ANOVA with post-hoc Fisher's Least Significant Difference test. RESULTS Preadipocyte proliferation was inhibited by a combination of NNRTI + NRTI(14% at 48 h, P < 0.001) and PI + NRTI(19% at 48 h, P < 0.001) with additional suppression when ritonavir(RTV) was added(26% at 48 h). The drug combination of atazanavir(ATV) + RTV + emtricitabine(FTC) + tenofovir(TDF) had the greatest inhibitory effect on proliferation at 48 h. Preadipocyte differentiation was most significantly reduced by the efavirenz + FTC + TDF assessed either by GPDH activity(64%) or lipid accumulation(39%), P < 0.001. Combining NRTIs with a PI(ATV + FTC + TDF) significantly suppressed differentiation(GPDH activity reduced 29%, lipid accumulation reduced by 19%, P < 0.01). This effect was slightly greater when a boosting amount of RTV was added(ATV + FTC + TDF + RTV, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Although combination antiretroviral therapy is clinically more efficacious than single drug regimens, it also has a much greater inhibitory effect on preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. | Eyone Jones Pavel Mazirka Margaret A McNurlan Frank Darras Marie C Gelato Giuseppe Caso | 2017 | World Journal of Virology2017，6，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Chemical Vapor Deposition of CooPer from Cu + 1 Pre-cursors in the Presence of WaterVapor显示文摘 | GELATOS A V MARSH R KOTTKE M | 1993 | Applied Physics Letters1993，63，20： | 1 |
| 3 | Differential tissue regulation of insulin-like growth factor-I content and binding proteins after en- dotoxin显示文摘 | Fan J Molina PE Gelato MC | 1994 | Endocrinology1994，134，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Growth hormone-like growth factor l and immune function显示文摘 | Gelato MC | 1993 | Trends Endocrinol Metab1993，4，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Pituitary and hypothalamic insulin-like growth factor-I and IGF-I receptor expression in food-deprived rats显示文摘 | OLCHOVSKY D SONG J GELATO M C | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | Growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I and immune function显示文摘 | Gelato Mc | 1993 | Trends Endocrinol Metab1993，4，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Design features of the Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial(DPTT):a multicenter randomized single-masked clinical trial testing the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)levels in subjects with type 2diabetes and chronic periodontitis显示文摘 | Engebretson S Gelato M Hyman L | 2013 | Contemp Clin Trials2013，36，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Role of histone modifications in defining chromatin structure and function显示文摘 | Gelato KA Fischle W | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Aging and immune function:a possible role for growth hormone 显示文摘 | Gelato MC | 1996 | Horm Res1996，45，： | 1 |
| 10 | Direct demonstration of insulin - like growth factor- 1 induced nitric oxide production by endothelial cells显示文摘 | Tsukahara H Gordienko DV Toushoff B Gelato MC Goligorsky MS | 1994 | Kidney Int1994，45，： | 1 |
| 11 | ALD for sub-90 nm device node-barriers,contacts and capacitors显示文摘 | Jerry Gelatos Ling Chen | 2003 | Sol State Technol2003，，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Role of histone modifications in defining chromatin structure and function显示文摘 | Gelato KA Fisclde W | 2008 | Biol Chem2008，389，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Design features of the Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial (DPTT) : a multicenter randomized single-masked clinical trial testing the effect of non- surgical periodontal therapy on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontltis 显示文摘 | Engebretson S Gelato M Hyman L | 2013 | Contemp Clin Trials2013，36，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Feeding Acutely Stimulates Fibrinogen Synthesis in Healthy Young and Elderly Adults1,2显示文摘 | Caso Giuseppe Mileva Izolda Kelly Patricia Ahn Hongshik Gelato Marie C McNurlan Margaret A | 2009 | The Journal of Nutrition2009，，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Water Rights Clean Water Act Section 404 Permitting and the Takings Clause显示文摘 | Jan Gelatos | 1989 | University of Colorado Law Review1989，，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Differential tissue regulation of insulinlike growth factor- 1 content and binding proteins after endotoxin显示文摘 | FAN J MOLINA P E GELATO M C | 1994 | Endocrinology1994，134，： | 1 |
| 17 | Aging and immune function:a possible role for growth hormone显示文摘 | Gelato MC | 1996 | Horm Res1996，45，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Differential tissue regulation of insulin - like growth factor - 1 content and binding proteins after endotoxin显示文摘 | Fan J Molina PE Gelato MC | 1994 | Endocrinology1994，134，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Growth homone - like growth factor I and immune function显示文摘 | Gelato MC | 1993 | Trends Endocrinol Metab1993，4，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Aging and immune function : a possible role for growth hor- mone显示文摘 | Gelato MC | 1996 | Horm Res1996，45，12： | 1 |
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