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| 1 | GRADE:证据质量和推荐强度分级的共识显示文摘GRADE工作组致中国读者:推荐分级的评估、制定与评价(GRADE)工作组已取得长足进步。我们制定了系列指南文件,除发表文章外,该非正式组织已经发展成为一个评价证据、转化卫生保健领域知识用以指导决策者的智囊团。80余位国际专家研究和制定了该评价系统。正如其他科学一样,证据评价和指南制定科学不会停滞不前。经过十年发展,GRADE的工作将借助中国Cochrane中心的推广在中国的卫生保健领域更加广为人知。GRADE工作组的成员期待与中国的指南制定组织、方法学家、临床医生和决策者合作,实现我们的共同目标:人人享有更好的卫生保健。中国Cochrane中心翻译GRADE工作组在BMJ上发表的系列文章,是朝这个方向迈出的重要一步,也是对下一步在中国推广GRADE工作的直接贡献。感兴趣的读者可登录我们的网站www.gradeworkinggroup.org和在以下网址获取我们的软件GRADEprohttp://gffzz73f9075754ca43bbhn665bcpvwqpw69k0.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn. | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Gunn E Vist Regina Kunz Yngve Falck-Ytter Pablo Alonso-Coello Holger J Schünemann GRADE工作组 陈佩贤 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，1： | 60 |
| 2 | GRADE:从证据到推荐显示文摘GRADE系统将指南中的推荐分为强弱两级。本文旨在探索这种分级的含义及对患者、临床医生、政策制定者各自的意义。 | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Yngve Falck-Ytter Gunn E Vist Alessandro Liberati Holger J Schünemann 谭培勇 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，3： | 26 |
| 3 | GRADE:什么是“证据质量”?为什么它对临床医生重要?显示文摘指南制定者们利用各式各样的系统对证据质量进行分级,并据此给出他们的推荐意见。但这些分级系统有些过于简单,有的不易理解,还有的尽管详细却很复杂。 | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Gunn E Vist Yngve Falck-Ytter Holger J Schünemann 陈柳 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，2： | 12 |
| 4 | WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——建议冬季口服益生菌以减少应用抗生素治疗哮喘的随机对照试验显示文摘目的有研究表明儿童口服益生菌能预防呼吸道感染,从而可以减少抗生素的使用。本研究探讨了哮喘患者在冬季口服益生菌以减少应用抗生素治疗呼吸道感染的建议是否可行。方法本研究在英国1家社区医疗中心开展了随机对照试验。研究对象为5岁及以上的哮喘患者。干预措施是向哮喘患者发放传单,这种传单和普通的建议人们在冬季如何减少呼吸道感染或哮喘发作的传单不同,其内容为建议人们于2013年10月—2014年3月每日服用益生菌来减少这些疾病的发生。以研究对象中使用抗生素来治疗呼吸道感染的人数占总人数的比例作为评价结果的指标。结果 1 302例研究对象被随机分为对照组(n=650)和干预组(n=652)。干预组、对照组分别有27.7%、26.9%的患者应用了抗生素治疗呼吸道感染,两组间差异无统计学意义〔OR=1.04,95%CI(0.82,1.34)〕。服用益生菌量不多的患者在应用抗生素治疗呼吸道感染的人数比例上和对照组相比也相近〔调整后的OR=1.08,95%CI(0.69,1.69)〕。也未发现服用益生菌对治疗呼吸道感染或者哮喘急性发作有何作用。结论本研究中未发现有证据支持在冬季口服益生菌以减少使用抗生素来治疗呼吸道感染的建议。 | SMITH T D WATT H GUNN L 本刊编辑部 | 2016 | 中国全科医学2016，19，34： | 11 |
| 5 | 脑卒中后个体化指导的有效性和安全性显示文摘防止脑卒中后长期功能衰退的干预措施是否安全有效,目前还缺乏相关证据。该研究是一项多中心、单盲、随机对照试验,目的是评估一项个体化身体活动和锻炼指导的有效性和安全性。纳入年龄≥18岁、在社区居住的、首发或复发性脑卒中后10~16周、改良Rankin量表评分〈5分且无严重合并症的成年脑卒中患者,随机分为对照组和干预组。干预组每个月定期接受身体活动和锻炼的个体化指导,连续18个月。对照组则接受标准治疗。 | 叶超毅 叶鹏 Askim T Langhammer B Ihle-Hansen H Gunnes M Lydersen S Indredavik B | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，1： | 10 |
| 6 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Effect of fiber supplementation on the microbiota in critically ill patients显示文摘AIM:To determine tolerance to fiber supplementation of semi-elemental tube feeds in critically ill patients and measure its effect on colonic microbiota and fermentation.METHODS:Thirteen intensive care unit patients receiving jejunal feeding with a semi-elemental diet for predominantly necrotizing pancreatitis were studied.The study was divided into 2 parts:first,short-term (3-9 d)clinical tolerance and colonic fermentation as assessed by fecal short chain fatty acid(SCFA)concentrations and breath hydrogen and methane was measured in response to progressive fiber supplementation increasing from 4 g tid up to normal requirement levels of 8 g tid;second,4 patients with diarrhea were studied for 2-5 wk with maximal supplementation to additionally assess its influence on fecal microbiota quantitated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)of microbial 16S rRNA genes and Human Intestinal Tract Chip(HITChip)microarray analysis.Nearly all patients were receiving antibiotics(10/13)and acid suppressants(11/13)at some stage during the studies.RESULTS:In group 1,tolerance to progressive fiber supplementation was good with breath hydrogen and methane evidence(P=0.008 and P<0.0001,respectively)of increased fermentation with no exacerbation of abdominal symptoms and resolution of diarrhea in 2 of 4 patients.In group 2 before supplementation,fecal microbiota mass and their metabolites,SCFA,were dramatically lower in patients compared to healthy volunteers.From qPCR and HITChip analyses we calculated that there was a 97%reduction in the predominant potential butyrate producers and starch degraders.Following 2-5 wk of fiber supplementation there was a significant increase in fecal SCFA(acetate 28.4±4.1μmol/g to 42.5±3.1μmol/g dry weight,P=0.01;propionate 1.6±0.5 vs 6.22±1.1,P=0.006 and butyrate 2.5±0.6 vs 5.9±1.1,P=0.04)and microbial counts of specific butyrate producers,with resolution of diarrhea in 3 of 4 patients.CONCLUSION:Conventional management of critically ill patients,which includes the use of elemental diets and broad-spectrum antibiotics,was associated with gross suppression of the colonic microbiota and their production of essential colonic fuels,i.e.,SCFA.Our investigations show that fiber supplementation of the feeds has the potential to improve microbiota mass and function,thereby reducing the risks of diarrhea due to dysbiosis. | Stephen JD O'Keefe Junhai Ou James P DeLany Scott Curry Erwin Zoetendal H Rex Gaskins Scott Gunn | 2011 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2011，2，6： | 3 |
| 8 | MicroRNA-208a is a regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and conduction in mice显示文摘 | Callis Thomas E Pandya Kumar Seok Hee Young Tang Ru-Hang Tatsuguchi Mariko Huang Zhan-Peng Chen Jian-Fu Deng Zhongliang Gunn Bronwyn Shumate Janelle Willis Monte S Selzman Craig H Wang Da-Zhi | 2009 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2009，，9： | 3 |
| 9 | GRADE:在推荐分级中体现对资源利用的考虑显示文摘指南小组成员对资源利用是否会影响个体患者的治疗决策有不同看法。由于医疗费用上涨,必须考虑资源利用的影响,但指南小组成员可能会发现这有很大的挑战性。 | Gordon H Guyatt Andrew D Oxman Regina Kunz Roman Jaeschke Mark Helfand Alessandro Liberati Gunn E Vist Holger J Schьnemann 王菊芬 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，6： | 2 |
| 10 | A 9–14 year follow-up of onlay bone grafting in the atrophic maxilla显示文摘 | Nystrom E Nilson H Gunne J | 2009 | Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg2009，38，2： | 1 |
| 11 | The stability of shallow tunnels and underground openings in cohesive material显示文摘 | Gunn M J Mair R J | 1980 | Geotechnique1980，30，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Sprayer boom dynamic effects on application uniformity显示文摘 | Jeon H Y Womac A R Gunn J | 2004 | Transaction of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (Transaction of the ASAE)2004，47，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The sta-bility of shallow tunnels and underground openings in cohesive material显示文摘 | Davis E H Gunn M J Mair R J | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 14 | Sensory evaluation ratings and melting characteristics show that okra gum is an acceptable mik-fat ingredient substitute in chocolate frozen dairy dessert 显示文摘 | ROMANCHIK CERPOVICZ J E COSTANTINO A C GUNN L H | 2006 | Journal of the American Dietetic Association2006，106，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Expression and post-transnational processing of prepro cecropin A using a baculovirus Vector 显示文摘 | Gunne H Steiner H | 1991 | Eur J Biochem1991，199，2： | 1 |
| 16 | The effect of storage environment on the longevity of conidia of Beauveria bassiana显示文摘 | Hong T D Gunn J Ellis R H | 2001 | Mycological Research2001，105，： | 1 |
| 17 | Expression and post translational processing of prepro-ceeropin Ausing a baculovi rus veer or显示文摘 | Hellers M Gunne H Steiner H | 1991 | Eur J Biothem1991，199，： | 1 |
| 18 | Pancreatic phospholipase A2 contributes to lung injury in experimental meconium aspiration 显示文摘 | Sippola T Aho H Peuravuori H Lukkarinen H Gunn J Kaapa P | 2006 | Pediatr Res2006，59，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Early intervention in low-birth-weight premature infant:results through age 5 years from the In2fant Health and Development Program显示文摘 | Brook Gunn Mc Carton C M Casey P H | | 0，，16： | 1 |
| 20 | ER stress triggers apoptosis by activating BH3-only protein Bim显示文摘 | Puthalakath H O'Reilly L A Gunn P | 2007 | Cell2007，129，： | 1 |
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