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| 1 | Pathophysiology of pulmonary complications of acute pancreatitis显示文摘Acute pancreatitis in its severe form is complicated by multiple organ system dysfunction, most importantly by pulmonary complications which include hypoxia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, atelectasis, and pleural effusion. The pathogenesis of some of the above complications is attributed to the production of noxious cytokines. Clinically significant is the early onset of pleural effusion, which heralds a poor outcome of acute pancreatitis. The role of circulating trypsin, phospholipase A2, platelet activating factor, release of free fatty acids, chemoattractants such as tumor necrsosis factor (TNF)- alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, fMet-leu-phe (a bacterial wall product), nitric oxide, substance P, and macrophage inhibitor factor is currently studied. The hope is that future management of acute pancreatitis with a better understanding of the pathogenesis of lung injury will be directed against the production of noxious cytokines. | George W Browne CS Pitchumoni | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 57 |
| 2 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 3 | 62 kaBP以来湖光岩玛珥湖沉积物有机碳同位素记录及古气候环境意义显示文摘湖光岩玛珥湖HUG B孔岩心记录了62kaBP以来的古气候、古环境变化信息。全岩有机碳同位素组成(δ13CTOC)分析表明,62kaBP以来δ13CTOC值变化比较明显,其变化范围为-28.5‰~-15.5‰。结合孢粉和有机地球化学指标进行综合分析,湖光岩玛珥湖δ13CTOC变化曲线可划分为6个演化阶段:62~58和48~40.5kaBP两个时段的δ13CTOC值偏负,沉积物中有机质主要来源于热带—亚热带地区的陆生C3森林植被,反映了温暖潮湿的气候环境;58~48和40.5~17.2kaBP期间δ13CTOC值明显偏正,沉积物中有机质主要源自C4草本植物,反映了湖光岩地区有效降水量减少、干旱程度增加导致湖光岩玛珥湖湖面下降,大量C4草本植物生长在暴露的湖滨岸;17.2~4kaBP时段内δ13CTOC值尽管存在更加频繁的波动,但总体呈现逐渐偏负的趋势,反映了暖湿和冷干气候多次交替但总体上逐渐变暖、变湿的气候环境;4kaBP以来δ13CTOC值存在逐渐偏正的趋势,虽然不排除人类活动的影响,但很可能反映了干旱程度的再次增加。综合分析表明,有效降水量(降水量-蒸发量)是控制湖光岩玛珥湖地区C3/C4植物相对生物量变化的主导因素。湖光岩玛珥湖有机碳同位素的研究结果支持区域气候环境而不是大气CO2浓度变化是末期冰期以来热带低纬度地区C3/C4植被相对生物量变化的主要原因。 | 刘强 顾兆炎 刘嘉麒 游海涛 吕厚远 储国强 祁向雷 Jorg F W Negendank Jens Mingram Georg Schettler | 2005 | 海洋地质与第四纪地质2005，25，2： | 34 |
| 4 | Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C显示文摘It is now widely recognized that chronic hepatitis C (CHC)is associated with insulin resistance(IR)and type 2 diabetes,so can be considered a metabolic disease.IR is most strongly associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 1,in contrast to hepatic steatosis, which is associated with genotype 3 infection.Apart from the well-described complications of diabetes,IR in CHC predicts faster progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis that may culminate in liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma.More recently,it has been recognized that IR in CHC predicts a poor response to antiviral therapy. The molecular mechanisms for the association between IR and HCV infection are not well defined.This review will elaborate on the clinical associations between CHC and IR and summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that potentially mediate HCV-associated IR. | Mark W Douglas Jacob George | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，35： | 16 |
| 5 | Subcutaneous cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum due to a lower gastrointestinal tract perforation显示文摘This case report describes a 69-year-old man presen-ting with an extensive subcutaneous emphysema in his neck and generalized peritonitis caused by a lower gastrointestinal tract perforation. This case emphasizes that subcutaneous emphysema patients with negative thoracic findings should be scrutinized for signs of retroperitoneal hollow viscus perforation. | Georg B Schmidt Maarten W Bronkhorst Henk H Hartgrink Lee H Bouwman | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，24： | 6 |
| 6 | 生物质和废弃油脂流化床共催化热解实验研究显示文摘本文在连续进料流化床实验台上采用ZSM-5催化剂对生物质和废弃油脂单独催化热解以及共催化热解进行了实验研究。主要考察了反应温度和质量空速对废弃油脂催化热解以及不同有效氢碳比对生物质和废弃油脂共催化热解的影响。结果表明,在温度为550℃、质量空速为0.35h^(-1)时,总化学品(芳香烃+烯烃+C5化合物)碳产率达到最大值(53.9%)。生物质和废弃油脂共催化热解能够大幅提高烯烃和芳香烃的产率,在较高有效氢碳比下(>0.8),丙烯的选择性高达60%。 | 张会岩 肖睿 George W Huber | 2013 | 工程热物理学报2013，34，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Australian tertiary care outcomes of entecavir monotherapy in treatment naive patients with chronic hepatitis B显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of entecavir monotherapy in treatment naive patients in an Australian tertiary care setting. METHODS:A retrospective analysis of treatment naive patients receiving entecavir monotherapy through Westmead Hospital was performed.Patients were excluded if they had received previous treatment with another nucleoside or nucleotide analogue,were pregnant or less than 18 years old. RESULTS:Out of 336 patients,163 patients fulfilled the selection criteria.Range of follow up was 3-46 mo (mean 26 mo).134 patients(82.2%)had pre-treatment biopsies,with 26 patients(16.0%)demonstrating F3-4 fibrosis.In total,153 patients(93.9%)achieved at least Partial Virological Suppression(PVS),with 134 patients (82.2%)achieving complete virological suppression. The cumulative CVS and PVS rates at 36 mo were 82.1%and 96.4%,respectively.3 patients(1.8%)failed to achieve PVS,while 5 patients(3.0%)developed virological rebound.128 patients(78.5%)maintained CVS throughout follow up.Predictors of CVS included lower baseline DNA level(P=0.001),hepatitis B virus e antigen negative status(P=0.001)and increasing age at treatment(log rank 0.001).No significant adverse effects were reported necessitating cessation of entecavir. CONCLUSION:Entecavir monotherapy is efficacious and safe in an Australian tertiary care setting.Resistance and rebound rates are very low.This is similar to data from controlled and uncontrolled trials around the world. | Farzan Fahrtash-Bahin Viraj C Kariyawasam Timothy Gray Karen Byth Jacob George Mark W Douglas | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，5： | 5 |
| 8 | Deceleration capacity of heart rate as a predictor of mortality after myocardial infarction: cohort study显示文摘 | Axel Bauer Jan W Kantelhardt Petra Barthel Raphael Schneider Timo M?kikallio Kurt Ulm Katerina Hnatkova Albert Sch?mig Heikki Huikuri Armin Bunde Marek Malik Georg Schmidt | 2006 | The Lancet2006，，9523： | 3 |
| 9 | CD133 expression is not restricted to stem cells, and both CD133^sup +^ and CD133^sup -^ metastatic colon cancer cells initiate tumors显示文摘 | Shmelkov Sergey V Butler Jason M Hooper Andrea T Hormigo Adilia Kushner Jared Milde Till Clair Ryan St Baljevic Muhamed White Ian Jin David K Chadburn Amy Murphy Andrew J Valenzuela David M Gale Nicholas W Thurston Gavin Yancopoulos George | 2008 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2008，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Perioperative risk factors associated with delayed graft function following deceased donor kidney transplantation:A retrospective,single center study显示文摘BACKGROUND There is an abundant need to increase the availability of deceased donor kidney transplantation(DDKT)to address the high incidence of kidney failure.Challenges exist in the utilization of higher risk donor organs into what appears to be increasingly complex recipients;thus the identification of modifiable risk factors associated with poor outcomes is paramount.AIM To identify risk factors associated with delayed graft function(DGF).METHODS Consecutive adults undergoing DDKT between January 2016 and July 2017 were identified with a study population of 294 patients.The primary outcome was the occurrence of DGF.RESULTS The incidence of DGF was 27%.Under logistic regression,eight independent risk factors for DGF were identified including recipient body mass index≥30 kg/m^(2),baseline mean arterial pressure<110 mmHg,intraoperative phenylephrine administration,cold storage time≥16 h,donation after cardiac death,donor history of coronary artery disease,donor terminal creatinine≥1.9 mg/dL,and a hypothermic machine perfusion(HMP)pump resistance≥0.23 mmHg/mL/min.CONCLUSION We delineate the association between DGF and recipient characteristics of preinduction mean arterial pressure below 110 mmHg,metabolic syndrome,donorspecific risk factors,HMP pump parameters,and intraoperative use of phenylephrine. | Nicholas V Mendez Yehuda Raveh Joshua J Livingstone Gaetano Ciancio Giselle Guerra George W Burke III Vadim B Shatz Fouad G Souki Linda J Chen Mahmoud Morsi Jose M Figueiro Tony M Ibrahim Werviston L DeFaria Ramona Nicolau-Raducu | 2021 | World Journal of Transplantation2021，11，4： | 2 |
| 11 | Fulminant hepatic failure as the initial presentation of acute autoimmune hepatitis显示文摘 | William R Kessler Oscar W Cummings George Eckert Naga Chalasani Lawrence Lumeng Paul Y Kwo | 2004 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2004，，7： | 2 |
| 12 | The Baffled Flask Test for Dispersant Effectiveness: A Round Robin Evaluation of Reproducibility and Repeatability显示文摘 | Albert D Venosa Dennis W King George A Sorial | 2002 | Spill Science and Technology Bulletin2002，，5： | 2 |
| 13 | Preslaughter diet management in sheep and goats:effects on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcass显示文摘Sixteen crossbred buck goats(Kiko x Spanish;BW = 32.8 kg) and wether sheep(Dorset x Suffolk;BW = 39.9 kg) were used to determine the effect of preslaughter diet and feed deprivation time(FDT) on physiological responses and microbial loads on skin and carcasses.Experimental animals were fed either a concentrate(CD) or a hay diet(HD)for 4 d and then deprived of feed for either 12-h or 24-h before slaughter.Blood samples were collected for plasma Cortisol and blood metabolite analyses.Longisimus muscle(LM) pH was measured.Skin and carcass swabs were obtained to assess microbial loads.Plasma creatine kinase activity(863.9 and 571.7 ± 95.21 IU) and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations(1,056.1 and 589.8 + 105.01 mEq/L) were different(P< 0.05) between sheep and goats.Species and diet treatments had significant effects on the ultimate pH of LM.Pre-holding total coliform(TCC) and aerobic plate counts(APC) of skin were significantly different between species.Goats had lower(P < 0.05) TCC(2.1 vs.3.0 log_(10) CFU/cm^2) and APC(8.2 vs.8.5 log_(10) CFU/cm^2) counts in the skin compared to sheep.Preslaughter skin E.coli counts and TCC were different(P < 0.05) between species.Goats had lower(P < 0.05) counts of E.coli(2.2 vs.2.9 log_(10) CFU/cm^2) and TCC(2.3 vs.3.0 log_(10) CFU/cm^2) in the skin compared with those in sheep.Diet,species,and FDT had no effect(P> 0.05) on E.coli and TCC in carcass swab samples.The APC of carcass swab samples were only affected(P < 0.05) by the FDT.The results indicated that preslaughter dietary management had no significant changes on hormone and blood metabolite concentrations and sheep might be more prone for fecal contamination than goats in the holding pens at abattoir. | Govind Kannan Venkat R Gutta Jung Hoon Lee Brou Kouakou Will R Getz George W McCommon | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Using on-site liver 3-D reconstruction and volumetric calculations in split liver transplantation显示文摘BACKGROUND: Split liver transplantation increases the number of grafts available for transplantation. Pre-recovery assessment of liver graft volume is essential for selecting suitable recipients. The purpose of this study was to determine the ability and feasibility of constructing a 3-D model to aid in surgical planning and to predict graft weight prior to an in situ division of the donor liver. METHODS: Over 11 months, 3-D volumetric reconstruction of 4 deceased donors was performed using Pathfinder Scout~? liver volumetric software. Demographic, laboratory, operative, perioperative and survival data for these patients along with donor demographic data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS: The average predicted weight of the grafts from the adult donors obtained from an in situ split procedure were 1130 g(930-1458 g) for the extended right lobe donors and 312 g(222-396 g) for left lateral segment grafts. Actual adult graft weight was 92% of the predicted weight for both the extended right grafts and the left lateral segment grafts. The predicted and actual graft weights for the pediatric donors were 176 g and 210 g for the left lateral segment grafts and 308 g and 280 g for the extended right lobe grafts, respectively. All grafts were transplanted except for the right lobe from the pediatric donors due to the small graft weight.CONCLUSIONS: On-site volumetric assessment of donors provides useful information for the planning of an in situ split and for selection of recipients. This information may expand the donor pool to recipients previously felt to be unsuitable due to donor and/or recipient weight. | Trevor W Reichman Brittany Fiorello Ian Carmody Humberto Bohorquez Ari Cohen John Seal David Bruce George E Loss | 2016 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2016，15，6： | 2 |
| 15 | Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA 显示文摘 | BROWN W M GEORGE J R WILSON A C | 1979 | Proc Nat Acad Sci USA1979，76，19： | 2 |
| 16 | Insulin resistance is associated with chronic hepatitis C and virus infection fibrosis progression显示文摘 | Jason M Hui Archana Sud Geoffrey C Farrell Priyanka Bandara Karen Byth James G Kench Geoffrey W McCaughan Jacob George | 2003 | Gastroenterology2003，，6： | 2 |
| 17 | Differential diagnosis in patients with suspected bile acid synthesis defects显示文摘AIM: To investigate the clinical presentations associated with bile acid synthesis defects and to describe identification of individual disorders and diagnostic pitfalls. METHODS: We describe semiquantitative determination of 16 urinary bile acid metabolites by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was performed by solid-phase extraction. The total analysis time was 2 min per sample. We determined bile acid metabolites in 363 patients with suspected defects in bile acid metabolism. RESULTS: Abnormal bile acid metabolites were found in 36 patients. Two patients had bile acid synthesis defects but presented with atypical presentations. In 2 other patients who were later shown to be affected by biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis the profile of bile acid metabolites was initially suggestive of a bile acid synthesis defect. Three adult patients suffered from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Nineteen patients had peroxisomal disorders, and 10 patients had cholestatic hepatopathy of other cause. CONCLUSION: Screening for urinary cholanoids should be done in every infant with cholestatic hepatopathy as well as in children with progressive neurological disease to provide specific therapy. | Dorothea Haas Hongying Gan-Schreier Claus-Dieter Langhans Tilman Rohrer Guido Engelmann Maura Heverin David W Russell Peter T Clayton Georg F Hoffmann Jürgen G Okun | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，10： | 2 |
| 18 | Some results on 2j, k-numbers of the products of complete graphs 显示文摘 | GEORGES J P MAURO D W | 1999 | Congr Number1999，140，： | 1 |
| 19 | Geochemical comparison of oil bearing fluid inclusions trapped in quartz grains and live oil from the Toro Sandstone, Papua New Guinea显示文摘 | George S C Krieger F W Eadington P J | 1997 | Organic Geochemistry1997，26，： | 1 |
| 20 | Comprehensive, quantitative, congener-specific analysis of eight aroclors and complete PCB congener assignments 显示文摘 | George M F Robert E W James C C | 1996 | Chernosphere1996，33，： | 1 |
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