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| 1 | Comparison of rumen bacteria distribution in original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions in lactating Holstein cows显示文摘Background: Original rumen digesta, rumen liquid and solid fractions have been frequently used to assess the rumen bacterial community. However, bacterial profiles in rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions vary from each other and need to be better established.Methods: To compare bacterial profiles in each fraction, samples of rumen digesta from six cows fed either a high fiber diet(HFD) or a high energy diet(HED) were collected via rumen fistulas. Rumen digesta was then squeezed through four layers of cheesecloth to separate liquid and solid fractions. The bacterial profiles of rumen original digesta, liquid and solid fractions were analyzed with High-throughput sequencing technique.Results: Rumen bacterial diversity was mainly affected by diet and individual cow(P > 0.05) rather than rumen fraction. Bias distributed bacteria were observed in solid and liquid fractions of rumen content using Venn diagram and LEf Se analysis. Fifteen out of 16 detected biomarkers(using LEf Se analysis) were found in liquid fraction, and these 15 biomarkers contributed the most to the bacterial differences among rumen content fractions.Conclusions: Similar results were found when using samples of original rumen digesta, rumen liquid or solid fractions to assess diversity of rumen bacteria; however, more attention should be draw onto bias distributed bacteria in different ruminal fractions, especially when liquid fraction has been used as a representative sample for rumen bacterial study. | Shoukun Ji Hongtao Zhang Hui Yan Arash Azarfar Haitao Shi Gibson Alugongo Shengli Li Zhijun Cao Yajing Wang | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，3： | 4 |
| 2 | 哺乳犊牛主要营养需要研究现状与进展显示文摘了解哺乳犊牛的营养需要,是牧场对哺乳犊牛进行精细化饲养,节本增效的关键。本文对比分析了国内外有关哺乳犊牛蛋白质、能量、维生素和矿物质元素的需要量研究,并对第八版奶牛营养需要相关部分进行了详细阐述。结果发现,在犊牛哺乳期,相比于日粮能量水平,许多研究重点关注日粮蛋白水平,哺乳期代乳粉蛋白适宜水平集中在21%~27%,开食料适宜蛋白水平集中在18%~24%,我国规模化牧场开食料蛋白水平平均值为21.4%。另一方面,相关研究对于哺乳犊牛维生素的需要量进行了更新,增加了哺乳犊牛维生素E和D的需要量以保障犊牛健康发育,维生素A、D、E每日需要量分别应为6600IU、2100IU、125IU。同时哺乳期矿物质元素的需要量公式进一步更新,以精确满足犊牛的需要并防止过量供给。 | 陈天宇 肖鉴鑫 刘帅 Gibson Maswayi Alugongo 徐一洺 曹志军 | 2022 | 中国奶牛2022，，7： | 2 |
| 3 | Tributyrin administration improves intestinal development and health in pre-weaned dairy calves fed milk replacer显示文摘Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well characterized.This study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy calves.Twenty newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/L of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(P<0.001)and the whole period(P=0.003,d 1 to 56)though no significant effects were observed on growth performance.For blood metabolites,tributyrin administration significantly reduced the concentration of interleukin-1b(IL-1b)on d 28(P=0.001)and tended to reduce the concentration of serum amyloid A on d 56(P=0.079),whereas serum oxidative status parameters were not affected.For intestinal development,tributyrin administration increased the villus height(P<0.001)and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth(P=0.046)in the jejunum,and the villus height in the ileum(P=0.074).Furthermore,toll-like receptor 2(TRL2,P=0.045)and IL-1b(P=0.088)gene expressions were downregulated,while claudin-4(P=0.022)gene expression was upregulated in the jejunum following tributyrin administration.In the ileum,claudin-4(P=0.029)and G-protein coupled receptor 41(P=0.019)gene expressions were upregulated in the TRB group compared to CON.No significantly higher abundances of microbiota were found in the jejunum or ileum of calves in the CON group.In the TRB group,supplementing tributyrin significantly increased the abundance of shortchain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,including Ruminococcaceae,Lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae(LDA>3.5,P<0.05),which was negatively associated with inflammatory gene expression(TLR2 and IL-1b)but positively associated with intestinal barrier genes(claudin-4)and morphological parameters(P<0.05).In conclusion,supplementing tributyrin in milk replacer could improve intestinal development and health of pre-weaned dairy calves by stimulating SCFA-producing bacteria colonization,enhancing intestinal barrier functions and suppressing inflammatory responses. | Shuai Liu Junda Wu Zhaohai Wu Gibson Maswayi Alugongo Muhammad Zahoor Khan Jinghui Li Jianxin Xiao Zhiyuan He Yulin Ma Shengli Li Zhijun Cao | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，3： | 0 |
| 4 | The age at first consumption of forage in calves and its effect on growth and rumination in the short‑and long‑term显示文摘Background Previous investigations into the effect of dietary forage on calf performance have been inconsistent,and there is a paucity of information exploring the effect of age on the growth performance and rumination of calves.Eighty-four female Holstein calves(41.5±4.2 kg)were enrolled at birth,a subset of the calves were fed calf starter only(CON,n=21)while the rest(n=63)were classified into three treatment groups:the early(EHAY,n=26,5.1±0.8 d),the middle(MHAY,n=21,7.9±0.8 d)and the late(LHAY,n=16,12.1±1.4 d)hay consumers.The short-term effect of the age at first forage consump-tion(AFF)on calves’feed intake was monitored until d 84.In addition,the long-term effects of AFF on body weight,structural growth and rumination behavior were recorded until d 196.Rumen samples were collected on d 1,7,35,84 and 196 to ana-lyze the rumen fermentation,while fecal samples were collected from d 78 to 84 to estimate digestibility parameters.Results Treatment had no effect on feed intake.While,the EHAY calves tended to have lower BW and ADG compared to LHAY and CON calves.Several total-tract apparent digestibility parameters and digestible nutrients intake were significantly lower in EHAY calves compared with CON and LHAY calves.Calves in the EHAY group tended to begin ruminating ealier,while CON calves were the latest(12.3 vs.15.5 days of age).A treatment and time interaction was present for rumination time due to greater rumination in calves consuming hay compared to CON calves in week 10 to 12,the differences in rumination disappeared afterwards,no long-lasting significant differences in the rumina-tion and rumen fermentation parameters were found between treatments.Conclusions In conclusion,this study showed that hay consumption earlier in life(in the first week,around 5 days of life)could negatively affect the growth of the calf in the short and long term.Compared to consuming hay from the second week(around 12 days of life)or feeding concentrate only without hay,starting to consume hay from the first week could compromise nutrient digestibility and digestible nutrient intake independent of developing rumination behaviour and rumen fermentation. | Jianxin Xiao Tianyu Chen Rong Peng Gibson Maswayi Alugongo Hui Yang Muhammad Zahoor Khan Shuai Liu Yulin Ma Jingjun Wang Wei Wang Yajing Wang Shengli Li Zhijun Cao | 2023 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2023，14，5： | 0 |
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