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| 1 | 2010年世界胃肠病学组织关于炎症性肠病诊断和治疗的实践指南显示文摘炎症性肠病(IBD)是一组特发性、慢性、炎症性肠道疾病状态,包括两种主要类型:克罗恩病(CD)和溃疡性结肠炎(UC),两者的临床和病理特征既有重叠又有区别。IBD过去常见于发达国家,近几十年,发展中国家的患病率逐步上升。本指南就IBD诊断和治疗方面提出的独特议题在当前的文献和指南中几乎从未被提及。由于各地区的IBD临床特点差异较大,因此根据患者的主诉诊断IBD或评估疾病活动度需随地区的变化而变化。同样,治疗亦应根据疾病的分类和当地医疗资源进行调整。世界胃肠病学组织根据世界各国医疗资源的差异,采用级联方法制订了IBD的诊疗指南。 | Charles N.Bernstein Michael Fried J.H.Krabshuis Henry Cohen R.Eliakim Suleiman Fedail Richard Gearry K.L.Goh Saheed Hamid Aamir Ghafor Khan A.W.LeMair Malfertheiner Qin Ouyang J.F.Rey Ajit Sood Flavio Steinwurz Ole O.Thomsen Alan Thomson Gillian Watermeyer 杨钊斌 杨川华 钱本余 | 2010 | 胃肠病学2010，15，9： | 101 |
| 2 | 卒中存活者体力活动和锻炼建议:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘目的这份科学声明为卒中存活者的体力活动和锻炼建议提供了一份证据纵览。证据提示,卒中存活者会经历体力下降(physical deconditioning)并导致久坐的生活方式。因此,本更新版科学声明旨在为医务人员提供全面的指导,使其更好地理解体力活动的益处,并为卒中存活者各个恢复阶段的锻炼方案提供推荐意见。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和AHA手稿监督委员会任命。作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有的证据进行总结并指出目前的知识空白。结果卒中后体力活动不足非常普遍。大量证据明确支持对卒中存活者进行运动训练,包括有氧运动和力量训练。运动训练能改善功能能力、日常生活活动的执行能力以及生活质量,同时降低随后的心血管事件风险。卒中存活者的体力活动目标和锻炼方案需个体化制定以最大限度地增高长期依从性。结论写作组给出的推荐是,体力活动和锻炼方案应融入卒中存活者的治疗。卒中存活者体力活动的推动应强调低到中等强度的有氧活动、增强肌肉力量、减少久坐的生活方式以及对卒中二级预防的危险因素管理。 | Sandra A. Billinger Ross Arena Julie Bemhardt Janice J. Eng Barry A. Franklin Cheryl Mortag Johnson Marilyn MacKay-Lyons Richard F. Macko Gillian E. Mead Elliot J. Roth Marianne Shaughnessy Ada Tang 孙新亭 张通 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，10： | 80 |
| 3 | 卒中后疲劳:新出现的证据与管理方法美国心脏协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明显示文摘至少半数卒中存活者会经历疲劳;因此,卒中后疲劳是引起患者、看护者和临床医生顾虑的一个常见原因。本科学声明根据围绕卒中后疲劳的发病率、患病率、生活质量和复杂发病机制新出现的证据提供了国际性观点。文章对药物和非药物治疗干预的证据,以及卒中后疲劳对卒中存活者和看护者的影响进行了回顾。 | Janice L. Hinkle Kyra J. Becker Jong S. Kim Smi Choi-Kwon Karen L. Saban Norma McNair Gillian E. Mead 李力 王惠娟 苗江永 祝春华 陈荣 徐珊 张祥建 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，10： | 24 |
| 4 | 地幔柱:为什么现在怀疑?显示文摘对地幔柱假说的重新评价也许是当今地球科学争论最激烈的问题.尽管如此,需要对地幔柱假说进行重新评价的根本原因对大部分学者而言并非十分清楚.主要原因可归结为:(1)许多观察与地幔柱最初模型的预测结果不符,(2)地幔中产生热地幔柱所需要的那种对流可能并不存在,(3)很多最初模型的衍生体被用来容纳相互矛盾的资料,以致于地幔柱假说实际上根本无法检验,以及(4)其他行之有效的模型均被长期忽视.不管最终结果如何,现在的激烈争论都应受欢迎,因为争论有助于新的发现,而不质疑地接受传统地幔柱模型则有碍于新发现. | Gillian R. Foulger 张宏福(翻译) 牛耀龄(校) | 2005 | 科学通报2005，50，17： | 13 |
| 5 | Computed tomography overestimation of esophageal tumor length: Implications for radiotherapy planning显示文摘AIM:To assess the relationship between preoperative computed tomography(CT)and postoperative pathological measurements of esophageal tumor length and the prognostic significance of CT tumor length data.METHODS:A retrospective study was carried out in 56 patients who underwent curative esophagogastrectomy.Tumor lengths were measured on the immediate preoperative CT and on the post-operative resection specimens.Inter-and intra-observer variations in CT measurements were assessed.Survival data were collected.RESULTS:There was a weak correlation between CT and pathological tumor length(r=0.30,P=0.025).CT lengths were longer than pathological lengths in 68%(38/56)of patients with a mean difference of 1.67 cm(95%CI:1.18-2.97).The mean difference in measurements by two radiologists was 0.39 cm(95% CI:-0.59-1.44).The mean difference between repeat CT measured tumor length(intra-observer variation) were 0.04 cm(95%CI:-0.59-0.66)and 0.47 cm (95%CI:-0.53-1.47).When stratified,patients not receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy showed a strong correlation between CT and pathological tumor length(r =0.69,P=0.0014,n=37)than patients that did(r= 0.13,P=0.43,n=19).Median survival with CT tumor length>5.6 cm was poorer than with smaller tumors,but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Esophageal tumor length assessed using CT does not reflect pathological tumor extent and should not be the only modality used for management decisions,particularly for planning radiotherapy. | Karim Sillah Luke R Williams Hans-Ulrich Laasch Azeem Saleem Gillian Watkins Susan A Pritchard Patricia M Price Catharine M West Ian M Welch | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2010，2，4： | 10 |
| 6 | Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction显示文摘Progressive aging of the population and prolonga tion of life expect ancy have led to the ris ng prevalence of heart failure (HF)。Despitethe improvements in medical therapy,the mortality rate of this condition has remained unaccept ably high,becoming t heprimary cause ofdeath in the elderly popul at ion。Almost half of patient swith signs and symptoms of HF are f ound to have a nearly normal ejection fraction,which delineates a distinctclinical syndrome 。known as HF with preserved ejection fraction(HF-PEF) 。While early research focused on the importance of diastolicdys function,more recent studies reported the pathophysological compl exity of the disease with multiple cardiovas 。cular abnormalities contributing to its development and progression。HF-PEF is a challenging maj or health problem with yet no solution as there is no evidence。Based treatment which improves clinical out comes。This review summarizes the state of current knowledge on diagnosis,prognosis and treatment of HF。PEF,with particul ar insights on the pathological characteristics in the elderly population。 | Marzia Rigollil Gillian A Whalley | 2013 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2013，10，4： | 9 |
| 7 | Metabolism of tissue macrophages in homeostasis and pathology显示文摘Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components.The emerging field of immunometabolism highlights the importance of cellular metabolism for the maintenance and activities of immune cells.Macrophages are embryo-or adult bone marrow-derived leukocytes that are key for healthy tissue homeostasis but can also contribute to pathologies such as metabolic syndrome,atherosclerosis,fibrosis or cancer.Macrophage metabolism has largely been studied in vitro.However,different organs contain diverse macrophage populations that specialize in distinct and often tissue-specific functions.This context specificity creates diverging metabolic challenges for tissue macrophage populations to fulfill their homeostatic roles in their particular microenvironment and conditions their response in pathological conditions.Here,we outline current knowledge on the metabolic requirements and adaptations of macrophages located in tissues during homeostasis and selected diseases. | Stefanie K.Wculek Gillian Dunphy Ignacio Heras-Murillo Annalaura Mastrangelo David Sancho | 2022 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2022，19，3： | 9 |
| 8 | 河南省耐多药与非耐多药肺结核病患者9年生存比较分析显示文摘目的比较河南省耐多药结核病(MDR—TB)和非MDR—TB患者9年后生存情况。方法利用2001年WHO结核病耐药监测数据库中河南省数据,并随机抽取入选病例。于2010年使用调查县结核病防治部门采用问卷访谈形式登记的患者资料、治疗记录等,调查MDR-TB和非MDR-TB患者的生存情况,数据分析采用单因素和多因素logistic统计方法。结果MDR.TB患者9年后的病死率是非MDR-TB患者的2倍,两组间差异有统计学意义。与非MDR-TB相比,MDR-TB患者更多死于结核病。影响结核病患者生存的主要危险因素是年龄、耐多药状态、复治、曾经住院治疗和治疗时间〉1年。与非MDR—TB患者相比,MDR-TB患者平均生存时间减少1.3年。结论MDR-TB对结核病患者的生存有显著影响,特别是MDR—TB的青壮年患者。 | 孙燕妮 王国杰 甄新安 刘占峰 David Harley Gillian Hall Hassan Vally Adrian Sleigh | 2013 | 中华流行病学杂志2013，34，2： | 8 |
| 9 | It is safe to use transdermal glyceryl trinitrate to lower blood pressure in patients with acute ischaemic stroke with carotid stenosis显示文摘Background There is concern that blood pressure(BP)lowering in acute stroke may compromise cerebral perfusion and worsen outcome in the presence of carotid stenosis.We assessed the effect of glyceryl trinitrate(GTN)in patients with carotid stenosis using data from the Efficacy of Nitric Oxide in Stroke(ENOS)Trial.Methods ENOS randomised 4011 patients with acute stroke and raised systolic BP(140-220 mm Hg)to transdermal GTN or no GTN within 48 hours of onset.Those on prestroke antihypertensives were also randomised to stop or continue their medication for 7 days.The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale(mRS)at day 90.Ipsilateral carotid stenosis was split:<30%;30-<50%;50-<70%;≥70%.Data are ORs with 95%CIs adjusted for baseline prognostic factors.results 2023(60.5%)ischaemic stroke participants had carotid imaging.As compared with<30%,≥70%ipsilateral stenosis was associated with an unfavourable shift in mRS(worse outcome)at 90 days(OR 1.88,95%CI 1.44 to 2.44,p<0.001).Those with≥70%stenosis who received GTN versus no GTN had a favourable shift in mRS(OR 0.56,95%CI 0.34 to 0.93,p=0.024).In those with 50-<70%stenosis,continuing versus stopping prestroke antihypertensives was associated with worse disability,mood,quality of life and cognition at 90 days.Clinical outcomes did not differ across bilateral stenosis groups.Conclusions Following ischaemic stroke,severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis is associated with worse functional outcome at 90 days.GTN appears safe in ipsilateral or bilateral carotid stenosis,and might improve outcome in severe ipsilateral carotid stenosis. | Jason P Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse Andrew Belcher Daniel Bereczki Eivind Berge Valeria Caso Hui Meng Chang Hanne K Christensen Ronan Collins John Gommans Ann C Laska George Ntaios Serefnur Ozturk Gillian M Sare Szabolcs Szatmari Yongjun Wang Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath for the ENOS investigators | 2019 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2019，4，1： | 6 |
| 10 | Non-pharmacological therapies for inflammatory bowel disease: Recommendations for self-care and physician guidance显示文摘We performed a scoping review on sought-after complementary therapies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), specifically diet, physical activity and exercise(PA/E), and psychotherapy. We aim to update patients with IBD on therapies for self-care and provide physicians with guidance on how to direct their patients for the management of IBD. A search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PUBMED was completed in Sept 2016. Studies on diet, PA/E, or psychotherapy in patients with IBD were included. Medical Subject Heading terms and Boolean operators were used. The search was limited to full-text English articles describing an adult population. This review included 67 studies: Diet(n = 19); PA/E(n = 19); and psychotherapy(n = 29). We have made the following recommendations:(1) Diet: Consumption of diets rich in vegetables, fruit and soluble fiber may be beneficial in IBD. A trial of a low FODMAP diet can be considered in those patients with functional gastrointestinal symptoms. Restrictive diets are lacking in evidence and should be avoided;(2) PA/E: Regular lowmoderate intensity activity, including cardiovascular and resistance exercise, has been shown to improve quality of life(QOL) and may improve inflammation; and(3) psychotherapy: Therapies such as cognitive-behavioural interventions, mindfulness, hypnosis, and stress management have been shown to improve QOL, but evidence is limited on their impact on anxiety, depression, and disease activity. Overall, these complementary therapies are promising and should be used to treat patients with IBD from a more holistic perspective. | Whitney Duff Natasha Haskey Gillian Potter Jane Alcorn Paulette Hunter Sharyle Fowler | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，28： | 6 |
| 11 | Role of Positive Selection Pressure on the Evolution of H5N1 Hemagglutinin显示文摘The surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) helps the influenza A virus to evade the host immune system by antigenic variation and is a major driving force for viral evolution. In this study, the selection pressure on HA of H5N1 influenza A virus was analyzed using bioinformatics algorithms. Most of the identified positive selection (PS) sites were found to be within or adjacent to epitope sites. Some of the identified PS sites are consistent with previous experimental studies, providing further support to the biological significance of our findings. The highest frequency of PS sites was observed in recent strains isolated during 2005–2007. Phylogenetic analysis was also conducted on HA sequences from various hosts. Viral drift is almost similar in both avian and human species with a progressive trend over the years. Our study reports new mutations in functional regions of HA that might provide markers for vaccine design or can be used to predict isolates of pandemic potential. | Venkata R.S.K. Duvvuri Bhargavi Duvvuri Wilfred R. Cuff Gillian E. Wu Jianhong Wu | 2009 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2009，7，1： | 6 |
| 12 | 河南省耐多药和非耐多药结核病对患者社会生活影响的比较显示文摘目的调查研究并比较河南省耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)和非耐多药结核病(非MDR-TB)对患者社会生活的影响,为制订综合有效的结核病防治策略提供科学依据。方法利用2001年河南省参加世界卫生组织结核病耐药监测调查患者数据库,采用Excel生成随机数字表方法随机抽取入选患者。使用问卷面对面访谈形式于2010年对MDR-TB患者和非MDR-TB患者的社会经济状况及结核病相关情况进行访谈性调查研究;共调查访谈234例TB患者。按照对异烟肼和利福平的耐药状态分为暴露组(MDR-TB患者组)86例和对照组(非MDR-TB患者组)148例。对收集的数据进行t检验和卡方检验。结果暴露组(70.9%,61/86)对患结核病的态度比对照组(52.4%,77/148)明显悲观,两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.58,P=0.01)。与对照组比较(2.0%,3/148),更多暴露组患者在患病期间依旧外出打工(9.3%,8/86),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.43,P=0.01)。结核病治愈后暴露组外出打工的比例(8.8%,7/80)明显低于对照组(24.0%,35/146),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.92,P<0.01)。与对照组相比(18.9%,28/148),更多暴露组患者患结核病后仍吸烟(34.9%,30/86),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.44,P<0.01)。更高比率的暴露组患者报告其未来生活计划被患结核病所改变(45.8%,33/72),相比之下23.9%(27/113)的对照组报告其未来生活计划被改变,两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.67,P<0.01)。结论与对照组患者相比,暴露组患者在患病后的社会生活受到明显影响。因此,建议为更加有效的控制结核病尤其是耐多药结核病,应进一步加强对MDR-TB患者的社会支持。 | 孙燕妮 王国杰 甄新安 刘占峰 Harley David Hall Gillian Vally Hassan Sleigh Adrian | 2013 | 中国防痨杂志2013，35，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Greenhouse gas emissions from different pig manure management techniques: a critical analysis显示文摘 | Conor Dennehy Peadar G. Lawlor Yan Jiang Gillian E. Gardiner Sihuang Xie Long D Nghiem Xinmin Zhan | 2017 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2017，11，3： | 5 |
| 14 | The MRE11 GAR motif regulates DNA double-strand break processing and ATR activation显示文摘MRE11/RAD50/NBS1 建筑群是很快招募到 DNA 双海滨裂缝(DSB ) 的主要传感器。MRE11 被知道是由在它的 glycine-arginine-rich (长嘴硬鳞鱼) 以内的 PRMT1 的精氨酸 methylated 主题。在这研究,我们报导在 GAR 主题与离氨酸代替精氨酸并且产生 MRE11 缺乏 methylated 精氨酸的 RK 蛋白质。Mre11 RK/RK 老鼠对 γ 过分敏感;照耀(红外) 和从这些老鼠的房间显示了房间周期检查点缺点和染色体不稳定性。而且, Mre11 RK/RK MEF 展出了在 RPA 和 RAD51 的招募表明缺点和缺陷到损坏地点的 ATR/CHK1。M RK 形成的 RN 建筑群并且对 DNA 损坏并且通常的地点局部性响应红外激活 ATM 小径。M RK RN 建筑群在为响应红外在 vivo 观察的损害 DNA 结束切除术和 ATR 激活负责的 vitro 展出了 exonuclease 和 DNA 有约束力的缺点。我们的调查结果在 DSB 修理为 MRE11 长嘴硬鳞鱼主题的关键角色提供基因证据,并且在 MRE11 长嘴硬鳞鱼表明在 translational 以后修正之间的一个机械学的连接主题并且 DSB 处理,以及发信号的 ATR/CHK1 检查点。 | Zhenbao Yu Gillian Vogel Yan Coulombe Danielle Dubeau Elizabeth Spehalski Josee Hebert David O Ferguson Jean Yves Masson Stephane Richard | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，2： | 5 |
| 15 | 河南省耐多药和非耐多药结核病患者经济状况及相关费用的比较显示文摘目的调查研究并比较河南省耐多药结核病(multidrug-resistant tuberculosis,MDR-TB)和非耐多药结核病(非MDR-TB)患者社会经济情况及相关治疗花费。方法利用2001年河南省参加世界卫生组织结核病耐药监测调查患者数据库,采用Excel生成随机数字表方法随机抽取入选病例。使用问卷访谈形式于2010年对MDR-TB患者和非MDR-TB患者的社会经济状况及结核病相关治疗花费进行访谈性调查研究;共调查访谈234例患者。按照对异烟肼和利福平的耐药状态分为暴露组(MDR-TB患者组)86例和对照组(非MDR-TB患者组)148例。对收集的数据进行t检验和卡方检验。结果暴露组MDR-TB患者家庭年收入低于5000元的比例(55.3%,47/85)明显高于对照组非MDR-TB患者(38.1%,56/147),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.9,P=0.031)。与同社区其他居民家庭经济情况进行比较:暴露组患者家庭经济情况位于同社区家庭经济水平下1/3等的比例为47.1%(40/85),明显高于对照组32.9%(48/146),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.6,P=0.032)。与对照组比较,暴露组家庭≤3间的可住房间数的比例明显偏高,分别为37.8%(31/82)和17.9%(26/145),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=11.0,P=0.004)。更高比例的暴露组家庭因结核病治疗借款,占19.0%(15/79),对照组占4.5%(6/134),且不能按时偿还(χ2=13.4,P=0.001)。与非MDR-TB患者相比,更高比例的MDR-TB患者在结核病相关治疗花费上支付10 000元以上分别30.2%(26/86)和9.5%(14/148),两组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.7,P=0.001)。结论结核病对MDR-TB患者和非MDR-TB患者的社会经济情况有不同程度影响。相比非MDR-TB患者,MDR-TB患者家庭更加贫穷,同时在治疗花费上支出较大。 | 孙燕妮 王国杰 甄新安 刘占峰 Harley David Hall Gillian Vally Hassan Sleigh Adrian | 2012 | 中国防痨杂志2012，34，12： | 4 |
| 16 | A Dominant Allele of Arabidopsis Pectin-Binding Wall-Associated Kinase Induces a Stress Response Suppressed by MPK6 but Not MPK3 Mutations显示文摘植物房间墙由纤维素纤维,灵活果胶聚合物,和一连串的分类糖类和蛋白质的一个矩阵组成。Arabidopsis 的像受体的联系墙的 Kinases (WAK ) 在墙中绑果胶,并且在开发期间并且为对病原体的回答为房间扩大两个都是必要的并且伤害。Mitogen 激活蛋白质 Kinases (MPK ) 在优核质形成在房间表面受体和 transcriptional 和酶规定之间的一个主要发信号连接,并且 Arabidopsis MPK6 和 MPK3 确实在到应力和病原体的开发和反应有重要角色。WAK2 的主导的等位基因要求 kinase 活动并且激活包括增加的 ROS 累积和涉及病原体抵抗的众多的基因的起来规定的压力回答,伤害,并且房间墙生物的续生说。这主导的等位基因要求功能的果胶绑定和 kinase 领域,显示它从事表明小径的 WAK。主要血浆膜生产 ROS 酶建筑群的空异种, rbohd/f 不压制导致 WAK2cTAP 的显型。mpk6,然而并非 mpk3,空等位基因能压制这个主导的 WAK2 变化,因此区分的 MPK3 和 MPK6 的效果,其活动以前被认为冗余。基因表示的果胶激活被消除在一 wak2 空,但是由导致的 WAK 主导的等位基因的 tempered 被提高基础压力相关的抄本层次。结果建议细胞墙的变化能在细胞的回答和帮助在导致一个大变化解释病原体和伤害的罐头怎么在生长上有一般效果的机制。 | Bruce D. Kohorn Susan L. Kohorn Tanya Todorova Gillian Baptiste Kevin Stansky Meghan McCullough | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，4： | 4 |
| 17 | Apoptosis is not an invariable component of in vitro models of cortical cerebral ischaemia显示文摘Characterising the mechanisms of cell death following focal cerebral ischaemia has been hampered by a lack of an in vitro assay emulating both the apoptotic and necrotic features observed in vivo. The present study systematically characterised oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) in primary rat cortical neurones to establish a reproducible model with components of both cell-death endpoints. OGD induced a time-dependent reduction in cell viability, with 80% cell death occurring 24 h after 3 h exposure to 0% O2 and 0.5 mM glucose. Indicative of a necrotic component to OGDinduced cell death, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibition with MK-801 attenuated neuronal loss by 60%.The lack of protection by the caspase inhibitors DEVD-CHO and z-VAD-fmk suggested that under these conditions neurones did not die by an apoptotic mechanism. Moderating the severity of the insult by decreasing OGD exposure to 60 min did not reduce the amount of necrosis, but did induce a small degree of apoptosis (a slight reduction in cell death was observed in the presence of 10 μtM DEVD-CHO). In separate experiments purported to enhance the apoptotic component, cells were gradually deprived of O2, exposed to 4% O2 (as opposed to 0%) during the OGD period, or maintained in serum-containing media throughout. While NMDA receptor antagonism significantly reduced cortical cell death under all conditions, a caspase-inhibitor sensitive component of cell death was not uncovered. These studies suggest that OGD of cultured cortical cells models the excitotoxic, but not the apoptotic component of cell death observed in vivo. | Paul Alexander JONES Gillian Ruth MAY Joyce Ann MCLUCKIE Akinori IWASHITA John SHARKEY | 2004 | Cell Research2004，14，3： | 3 |
| 18 | Adenocarcinoma: A unique cervical cancer显示文摘 | Lilian T. Gien Marie-Claude Beauchemin Gillian Thomas | 2009 | Gynecologic Oncology2009，，1： | 3 |
| 19 | Mantle plumes: Why the current skepticism?显示文摘The present reappraisal of the mantle plume hypothesis is perhaps the most exciting current debate in Earth science. Nevertheless, the fundamental reasons for why it has arisen are often not well understood. They are that 1) many observations do not agree with the predictions of the original model, 2) it is possible that convection of the sort required to generate thermal plumes in the Earth’s mantle does not occur, 3) so many variants of the original model have been invoked to accommodate conflicting data that the plume hypthesis is in practice no longer testable, and 4) al-ternative models are viable, though these have been largely neglected by researchers. Regardless of the final outcome, the present vigorous debate is to be welcomed since it is likely to stimulate new discoveries in a way that unquestioning acceptance of the conventional plume model will not. | Gillian R. Foulger | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，15： | 3 |
| 20 | Assessment and impact of diastolic function by echocardiography in elderly patients显示文摘Doppler echocardiography 是为对心脏舒张的机能障碍的评价的标准答案,它逐渐地作为心失败的一个原因被认出,在特别老。用 Doppler echocardiography 技术的联合,识别心脏舒张的机能障碍的等级是可能的,估计左室的充满压力并且建立心脏舒张的机能障碍的慢性。这些导出 physiologically 的措施广泛地对左心压力的侵略大小被验证了并且被显示了在大量临床的背景预示地珍贵。这评论探索机制,并且来临到对心脏舒张的机能障碍的评价在老。为临床医生的挑战是从与正常变老联系的那些识别 pathophysiological 变化。当在联合,和花的很长时间使用了进报道时, Doppler echocardiographic 参数在对在更老的病人的 dyspnoea 的评价是有用的并且提供预示的卓见。 | Clementina Dugo Marzia Rigolli Andrea Rossi Gillian A Whalley | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，3： | 3 |
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