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1Tectonic evolution of the Western Kunlun orogenic belt in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau:Evidence from zircon SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology显示文摘The Western Kunlun Range in northern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is composed of the North Kunlun Terrane,the South Kunlun Terrane and the Karakorum-Tianshuihai Terrane. Here we report zircon SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of some metamorphic and igneous rocks and field observations in order to pro-vide a better understanding of their Precambrian and Palaeozoic-early Mesozoic tectonic evolution. Based on these data we draw the following conclusions: (1) The paragneisses in the North Kunlun Terrane are likely of late Mesoproterozoic age rather than Palaeoproterozoic age as previously thought,representing tectonothermal episodes at 1.0―0.9 Ga and ~0.8 Ga. (2) The North Kunlun Terrane was an orogenic belt accreted to the southern margin of Tarim during late Mesoproterozoic to early Neopro-terozoic,the two episodes of metamorphisms correspond to the assemblage and breakup of Rodinia respectively. (3) The Bulunkuole Group in western South Kunlun Terrane,which was considered to be the Palaeoproterozoic basement of the South Kunlun Terrane by previous studies,is now subdivided into the late Neoproterzoic to early Palaeozoic paragneisses (khondalite) and the early Mesozoic metamorphic volcano-sedimentary series; the paragneisses were thrust onto the metamorphic vol-cano-sedimentary series from south to north,with two main teconothermal episodes (i.e.,Caledonian,460―400 Ma,and Hercynian-Indosinian,340―200 Ma),and have been documented by zircon U-Pb ages. (4) In the eastern part of the South Kunlun Terrane,a gneissic granodiorite pluton,which intruded the khondalite,was crystallized at ca. 505 Ma and metamorphosed at ca. 240 Ma. In combination with geochronology data of the paragneiss,we suggest that the South Kunlun Terrane was a Caledonian accretionary orogenic belt and overprinted by late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic arc magmatism.ZHANG ChuanLin LU SongNian YU HaiFeng YE HaiMin 2007Science China Earth Sciences2007,50,6:45
2Widespread Whole Genome Duplications Contribute to Genome Complexity and Species Diversity in Angiosperms显示文摘基因复制为产生新奇功能提供进化潜力,当 polyploidization 或整个染色体复制(WGD ) 开始加倍染色体并且导致百~千个保留的副本时。WGD 被通常在优核质的许多充满种类的系发现的证据强烈支持,并且因此在种类多样化被看作一个主要驱动力。我们执行了 59 公共 genomes/transcriptomes 和盖住被子植物的主要的系的 46 最新定序的 transcriptomes 的比较 genomic 和 phylogenomic 分析 ? 由调查几万个基因家谱检测大规模基因复制事件。这些分析证实了大多数以前报导的 WGD 并且在许多系为新奇的提供了充分证据。检测 WGD 与约 2160 万年的估计的半衰期在进化期间支持了指数的基因损失的一个模型,并且与两个被相关有多样化的高度和全球气候的时期的系的出现变化。新数据集和分析 ? 检测了广泛地在支持被子植物放射并且提高他们的改编到环境变化为 WGD 的角色在被子植物进化,在必要细胞的新陈代谢的基因功能的揭开的优先的保留,和提供的线索期间散布的许多新奇 WGD。Ren Ren Haifeng Wang Chunce Guo Ning Zhang Liping Zeng Yamao Chen Hong Ma Ji Qi 2018Molecular Plant2018,11,3:35
3The AGL6-like gene OsMADS6 regulates floral organ and meristem identities in rice显示文摘Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMADS6, in specifying floral organ and meristem identities in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsMADS6 was strongly ex- pressed in the floral meristem at early stages. Subsequently, OsMADS6 transcripts were mainly detectable in paleas, lodicules, carpels and the integument of ovule, as well as in the receptacle. Compared to wild type plants, osmads6 mutants displayed altered palea identity, extra glume-like or mosaic organs, abnormal carpel development and loss of floral meristem determinacy. Strikingly, mutation of a SEPALLATA (SEP)-like gene, OsMADS1 (LHS1), enhanced the defect of osmads6 flowers, and no inner floral organs or glume-like structures were observed in whorls 2 and 3 of osmadsl-z osmads6-1 flowers. Furthermore, the osmadsl-z osmads6-1 double mutants developed severely indetermi- nate floral meristems. Our finding, therefore, suggests that the ancient OsMADS6 gene is able to specify 'floral state' by determining floral organ and meristem identities in monocot crop rice together with OsMADS1.Haifeng Li Wanqi Liang Ruidong Jia Changsong Yin Jie Zong Hongzhi Kong Dabing Zhang 2010Cell Research2010,20,3:33
4Modeling on Heat and Mass Transfer in Stored Wheat during Forced Cooling Ventilation显示文摘A mathematical model based on the theory of heat and mass transfer in porous media was developed to simulate the evolution of grain temperature and moisture content in a wheat storage bin during ventilation with cooling air at the constant temperature and humidity.Unlike the previous works on this aspect,the present work was not focused on cooling the stored grain by ventilation with ambient air,but with the refrigerated air.Validation was performed by comparing between predicted and measured grain temperature and grain moisture content for two cases.Predicted data were in reasonable good agreement with measured ones.The model and the parameter values used in the model are applicable for predicting temperature and moisture of stored grains under ventilation conditions.Yuancheng WANG,Haifeng DUAN,Hao ZHANG and Zhaohong FANG College of Thermal Energy Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China 2010Journal of Thermal Science2010,19,2:27
5Atg7 is required for acrosome biogenesis during spermatogenesis in mice显示文摘acrosome 是盖住精子原子核的前面的部分并且在授精的过程起一个必要作用的一个专业化细胞器。位于这个 lysosome 相关的细胞器(LRO ) 的生物的续生说下面的分子的机制大部分仍然是未知的。这里,我们显示出房间特定的 Atg7 大美人老鼠是的那个细菌由于在 acrosome 生物的续生说的一个缺点不肥沃并且显示了类似于人的 globozoospermia 的显型;这个繁殖缺点被 intracytoplasmic 精子注射成功地救。而且,在细菌房间的 Atg7 的弄空没影响细菌房间的开发的早阶段,但是精子发生在以后上演,在 Golgi 期间没有通过到保险丝进一个单个 acrosomal 泡的 proacrosomal 泡分阶段执行,它最后导致了不规则或将近 round-headed 精子。Autophagic 流动在弄空 Atg7 的细菌房间被破坏,最后导致 LC3 变化形式的失败到 Golgi 导出仪器的泡。另外, Atg7 部分调整了另一 globozoospermia 相关的蛋白质,联系 Golgi 的 PDZ 卷和卷卷包含主题的蛋白质(GOPC ) ,在 acrosome 生物的续生说期间。最后,任何一个 autophagy 的注射或进睾丸的 lysosome 禁止者导致了类似的显型到细菌的房间特定的 Atg7 大美人老鼠。总的来说,我们的结果揭开为在 acrosome 的生物的续生说的 Atg7 的一个新角色,并且我们提供证据为 acrosome 支持 autolysosome 起源假设。Hongna Wang Haifeng Wan Xixia Li Weixiao Liu Qi Chen Yaqing Wang Lin Yang Hongmei Tang Xiujun Zhang Enkui Duan Xiaoyang Zhao Fei Gao Wei Li 2014Cell Research2014,24,7:25
6Immune secondary response and clonal selection inspired optimizers显示文摘The immune system's ability to adapt its B cells to new types of antigen is powered by processes known as clonal selection and affinity maturation. When the body is exposed to the same antigen,immune system usually calls for a more rapid and larger response to the antigen,where B cells have the function of negative adjustment. Based on the clonal selection theory and the dynamic process of immune response,two novel artificial immune system algorithms,secondary response clonal programming algorithm (SRCPA) and secondary response clonal multi-objective algorithm (SRCMOA),are presented for solving single and multi-objective optimization problems,respectively. Clonal selection operator (CSO) and secondary response operator (SRO) are the main operators of SRCPA and SRCMOA. Inspired by the clonal selection theory,CSO reproduces individuals and selects their improved maturated progenies after the affinity mat-uration process. SRO copies certain antibodies to a secondary pool,whose members do not participate in CSO,but these antibodies could be activated by some external stimulations. The update of the secondary pool pays more attention to maintain the population diversity. On the one hand,decimal-string representation makes SRCPA more suitable for solving high-dimensional function optimiza-tion problems. Special mutation and recombination methods are adopted in SRCPA to simulate the somatic mutation and receptor edit-ing process. Compared with some existing evolutionary algorithms,such as OGA/Q,IEA,IMCPA,BGA and AEA,SRCPA is shown to be able to solve complex optimization problems,such as high-dimensional function optimizations,with better performance. On the other hand,SRCMOA combines the Pareto-strength based fitness assignment strategy,CSO and SRO to solve multi-objective optimization problems. The performance comparison between SRCMOA,NSGA-Ⅱ,SPEA,and PAES based on eight well-known test problems shows that SRCMOA has better performance in converging to approximate Pareto-optimal fronts with wide distributions.Maoguo Gong Licheng Jiao Lining Zhang Haifeng Du 2009Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2009,19,2:24
7Lithium, an anti-psychotic drug, greatly enhances the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells显示文摘体的房间能由定义因素是进导致的 pluripotent 干细胞(iPSCs ) 的 reprogrammed。reprogramming 的低效率和 oncogenes 和病毒的向量的 genomic 集成限制了 iPSCs 的潜在的申请。这里,我们报导那锂(李) ,药过去常对待心情混乱,极大地从老鼠提高 iPSC 产生胚胎的成纤维细胞和人的脐的静脉 endothelial 房间。李与(Oct4 ) 或二个因素(OS 或好) 便于 iPSC 产生。支持 reprogramming 上的李的效果仅仅部分取决于它的主要目标 GSK3β。不同于另外的 GSK3β禁止者,李不仅增加 Nanog 的表示,而且提高 Nanog 的 transcriptional 活动。我们也发现李由经由 LSD1 的 downregulation 支持 epigenetic 修正施加它的效果, H3K4 特定的 histone demethylase。将 LSD1 击倒部分在提高 reprogramming 模仿李的效果。我们的结果不仅提供一个直接方法改进 iPSC 产生效率,而且为体的房间 reprogramming 作为一个批评调节的人识别了 histone demethylase。Quan Wang Xinxiu Xu Jun Li Jing Liu Haifeng Gu Ru Zhang Jiekai Chen Yin Kuang Jian Fei Cong Jiang Ping Wang Duanqing Pei Sheng Ding Xin Xie 2011Cell Research2011,21,10:23
8Radix Astragali-induced differentiation of rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells显示文摘BACKGROUND:Chemical induction has been shown to be effective at promoting the differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs).However,these inductors have cytotoxicity side effects that may damage cells over time.Traditional Chinese medicines avoid this disadvantage while still producing effective induction. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of Radix Astragali(Huangqi) on the differentiation of MSCs. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:In vitro study of traditional Chinese medicine in neural stem cell differentiation.The experiment was performed at the Central Laboratory of Hebei North University between April and June 2007. MATERIALS:Radix Astragali solution(lot No.060105;license No.Z53021585) was purchased from Dali Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,China;rabbit anti-rat nestin,rabbit anti-rat neuron-specific enolase (NSE),mouse anti-rat microtubule-associated protein 2,and rabbit anti-rat glial fibrillary acidic protein were purchased from Wuhan Boster,China. METHODS:Whole bone marrow was isolated from the femur and tibia of 6-week-old male Wistar rats and subcultured.The fourth passage of MSCs were harvested and induced by different concentrations(50,100,200,400 g/L) of Radix Astragali. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe MSC morphology after 24 hours of induction.Immunocytochemistry was employed to observe the expression of NSE (specific neuronal marker),nestin(marker of neural stem cell),glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtubule-associated protein 2(markers of astrocytes). RESULTS:Following Radix Astragalitreatment,changes occurred in cell morphology including:cell body pyknosis;thin and long processes formed in some cells,with growth corresponding to drug concentration and induction time;and the formation of network-like connections between some cells. With increasing drug concentration and induction time,nestin expression was upregulated,and the number of positive cells increased;cells produced NSE,glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtubule-associated protein 2;nestin was expressed earlier than glial fibrillary acidic protein and microtubule-associated protein 2 expression.In addition,the number of NSE-positive cells was increased significantly more than glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells. CONCLUSION:Radix Astragali promoted process formation in stem cells.It may induce the differentiation of MSCs into neural stem cells,and subsequently into neuronal-and glial-like cells. Radix Astragali exhibits stronger inductive effect on neuronal differentiation than glial differentiation of MSCs.Xinsheng Wang Haifeng Li Ying Zhao Xiaoli Zhang Aihua Bo 2009Neural Regeneration Research2009,4,7:21
9Formation and destruction processes of upper Sinian oil-gas pools in the Dingshan-Lintanchang structural belt, southeast Sichuan Basin, China显示文摘The lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation hydrocarbon source rocks at the Dingshan-Lintanchang structure in the southeast Sichuan Basin were of medium-good quality with two excellent hydrocarbon-generating centers developed in the periphery areas, with a possibility of forming a medium to large-sized oil-gas field. Good reservoir rocks were the upper Sinian (Dengying Formation) dolomites. The mudstone in the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation with a good sealing capacity was the cap rock. The widely occurring bitumen in the Dengying Formation indicates that a paleo oil pool was once formed in the study area. The first stage of paleo oil pool formation was maturation of the lower Cambrian source rocks during the late Ordovician. Hydrocarbon generation from the lower Cambrian source rocks stopped due to the Devonian-Carboniferous uplifting. The lower Cambrian source rocks then restarted generation of large quantities of hydrocarbons after deposition of the middle Permian sediments. This was the second stage of the paleo oil pool formation. The oil in the paleo oil pool began to crack during the late Triassic and a paleo gas pool was formed. This paleo gas pool was destroyed during the Yanshan-Himalayan folding, uplifting and denudation. Bitumen can be widely seen in the Dengying Formation in wells and outcrops in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery areas. This provides strong evidence that the Dengying Formation in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery areas was once an ultra-large structural-lithologic oil-gas field, which was damaged during the Yanshan-Himalayan period.Liu Shugen Zhang Zhijing Huang Wenming Wang Guozhi Sun Wei Xu Guosheng Yuan Haifeng Zhang Changjun Deng Bin 2010Petroleum Science2010,7,3:20
10Treatment of soybean wastewater by a wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides and to produce protein under natural conditions显示文摘The conventional treatment method of soybean wastewater is expensive and generates waste sludge that requires further handling.Purple nonsulfur bacteria(PNSB)wastewater treatment is a clean technology and can generate single cell protein while degrading pollutants.A wild strain of PNSB,Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08,was isolated from local soil and was used to treat soybean wastewater.To develop a cost-effective process,the work was performed under natural conditions without artificial light,aeration,nutrients addition,or pH and temperature adjustment.The results showed that the wild strain Rhodobacter sphaeroides Z08 could grow well under natural conditions.The growth curve showed two quickgrowth periods and a turning point.The Z08 treatment of soybean wastewater was zero order reaction and COD reduction was 96%after 10 d.The major byproducts of the process were C2-C5 organic acids,predominantly butyric acid.No alcohol was found in the effluent.The initial COD/bacterial-mass ratio(F/M)had a significant effect on soybean wastewater treatment efficiency.When the initial F/M was lower than 10 mg-COD/mg-bacteria,a sufficient amount of time to achieve 90%of COD reduction was only three days.The Z08 biomass yield was 0.28 g·g^(–1),and the bacterial protein content was 52%.Junguo HE Guangming ZHANG Haifeng LU 2010Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2010,4,3:20
11The impacts of climate change on the Neolithic cultures of Gansu-Qinghai region during the late Holocene Megathermal显示文摘Holocene Megathermal 被划分成早、中间、迟了的时期,各由于他们改变趋势的不同气候在过时的文化上有不同影响。这研究基于在金海·莱克,记录的环境进化信息的比较分析黄土高原和 Zoige 和 Gansu-Qinghai 区域的过时的地点的空间分发的西方的边。结果证明早、中间的时期向温暖、潮湿在 Gansu-Qinghai 区域作为主要扇区与农业支持了过时的文化的开发,而且, Yangshao 文化繁荣的一个全盛时期出现了。Holocene 在 Gansu-Qinghai 区域在 5.9 ka BP 在冷气候事件以后进入了迟了的时期。后来,气候开始变得冷。然而,在 5.84.2 ka BP,相对稳定的温暖、潮湿的气候在这个区域为过时的年龄的 Majiayao 文化的发展创造了条件,因此,它的文化遗产地点的分发向高高度和高纬度膨胀了。从 4.2 ka BP 向前,气候变得冷、干燥,它在 Gansu-Qinghai 区域的过时的文化上有重要影响,在 4.2 ka BP 附近在文化人物和 Qijia 文化的空间分发导致一个戏剧的变化。在以后一将近 300 年冷、干燥的时期,统一过时的耕作文化完全崩溃了。以后,畜牧和耕作和地区性的多重文化的一个工业部门形成了,并且最终导致了原始社会并且开始一个使文明的社会的结束。LIU Fenggui ZHANG Yili FENG Zhaodong HOU Guangliang ZHOU Qiang ZHANG Haifeng 2010Journal of Geographical Sciences2010,20,3:18
12Polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis alleviate neuronal cell injury caused by oxidative stress显示文摘Angelica sinensis has antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. In the present study, we aimed to determine the neuroprotective effect of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis. In a preliminary experiment, Angelica sinensis polysaccharides not only protected PC12 neuronal cells from H 2 O 2-induced cytotoxicity, but also reduced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by H 2 O 2 treatment. In a rat model of local cerebral ischemia, we further demonstrated that Angelica sinensis polysaccharides enhanced the antioxidant activity in cerebral cortical neurons, increased the number of microvessels, and improved blood flow after ischemia. Our findings highlight the protective role of polysaccharides isolated from Angelica sinensis against nerve cell injury and impairment caused by oxidative stress.Tao Lei Haifeng Li Zhen Fang Junbin Lin Shanshan Wang Lingyun Xiao Fan Yang Xin Liu Junjian Zhang Zebo Huang Weijing Liao 2014Neural Regeneration Research2014,9,3:17
13Downstaging and resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with extrahepatic metastases after stereotactic therapy显示文摘Background:A combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)and anti-PD-1 antibodies with local regional therapy has elicited yield substantial clinical benefits in patients who have hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)with extrahepatic metastases.Using this treatment strategy to convert HCC patients with extrahepatic metastases from unresectable to resectable has not yet been reported.Methods:Consecutive hepatocellular carcinoma patients with extrahepatic metastases who received first-line therapy with a combination of TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies and at least one local regional therapy were analysed.Results:Nine patients with localized disease who received first-line systemic therapy were enrolled.At baseline,all of them had oligometastatic disease,namely,Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage C(or Chinese Liver Cancer stage IIIB).The most common treatment administered was lenvatinib plus anti-PD-1 antibody and transarterial chemoembolization,and the median time span from systemic therapy to surgery was 3.2(IQR,2.8-6.2)months.Three patients achieved a pathological complete response.Six patients underwent laparoscopic surgery,and the other 3 patients underwent open surgery.After a median follow-up of 10.2(IQR,8.6-20.0)months,7 patients survived without disease recurrence,and 2 experienced tumour recurrence.All patients had any-grade AEs,and 55.6%of the patients experienced grade 3 AEs.Fatigue was the most common AE,followed by elevated aminotransferase levels and hypertension.Conclusions:Stereotactic therapy is a feasible conversion therapy for HCC patients with extrahepatic metastases to become resectable.This is the first study to analyse therapeutic outcomes of patients receiving these therapies for HCC with extrahepatic metastases.Xiaobo Yang Haifeng Xu Bangyou Zuo Xu Yang Jin Bian Junyu Long Dongxu Wang Junwei Zhang Cong Ning Yanyu Wang Ziyu Xun Yunchao Wang Xin Lu Yilei Mao Xinting Sang Haitao Zhao 2021Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition2021,10,4:17
14MdGSTF6,activated by MdMYB1,plays an essential role in anthocyanin accumulation in apple显示文摘Anthocyanins are biosynthesized on the cytosolic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum and then transported into the vacuole for storage.Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs)are considered to be responsible for the transport of anthocyanins into the vacuole.However,the regulatory mechanisms of GSTs in plants are still unclear.Here,we performed a genome-wide analysis and identified 69 GST genes in apple.The expression of MdGSTF6 was positively correlated with the anthocyanin content(r=0.949)during‘Yanfu 8’fruit development.The overexpression of MdGSTF6 in the Arabidopsis thaliana tt19 mutant resulted in seedlings of 35S::MdGSTF6-GFP/tt19 that could accumulate anthocyanin and rescue its phenotype,suggesting that MdGSTF6 was an anthocyanin transporter.The silencing of MdGSTF6 affected anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit.Moreover,the knockdown of MdGSTF6 by RNA interference in cultured‘Gala’seedlings inhibited anthocyanin accumulation.The interaction experiments showed that MdMYB1 could bind directly to the MdGSTF6 promoter to transcriptionally activate its expression.Collectively,our results demonstrate that MdGSTF6 encodes an important GST transporter of anthocyanins in apple fruit and provide evidence for the associated regulatory mechanisms.Therefore,MdMYB1 can not only regulate anthocyanin synthesis,but also control the transport of anthocyanin in apples.This information may be useful for further clarifying the regulation of anthocyanin transport in apple.Shenghui Jiang Min Chen Naibo He Xiaoliu Chen Nan Wang Qingguo Sun Tianliang Zhang Haifeng Xu Hongcheng Fang Yicheng Wang Zongying Zhang Shujing Wu Xuesen Chen 2019Horticulture Research2019,6,1:16
15Simulation of hydraulic fracture utilizing numerical manifold method显示文摘A 2nd order numerical manifold method(NMM) based method is developed to simulate the hydraulic fractures propagating process in rock or concrete. The proposed method uses a weak coupling technique to analyze the fluid phase and solid phase. To study the seepage behavior of the fluid phase, all the fractures in solid are identified by a block cutting algorithm and form a flow network. Then the hydraulic heads at crack ends are solved. To study the deformation and destruction of solid phase, the 2-order NMM and sub-region boundary element method are combined to solve the stress-strain field. Crack growth is controlled by the well-accepted criterion, including the tension criterion or Mohr-Coulomb criterion for the initialization of cracks and the maximum circumferential stress theory for crack propagation. Once the crack growth occurs, the seepage and deformation analysis will be resolved in the next simulation step. Such weak coupling analysis will continue until the structure becomes stable or is destructed. Five examples are used to verify the new method. The results demonstrate that the method can solve the SIFs at crack tip and fluid flow in crack network precisely, and the method is effective in simulating the hydraulic facture problem. Besides, the NMM shows great convenience and is of high accuracy in simulating the crack growth problem.ZHANG GuoXin LI Xu LI HaiFeng 2015Science China(Technological Sciences)2015,58,9:15
16Malus sieversii: the origin, flavonoid synthesis mechanism, and breeding of red-skinned and red-fleshed apples显示文摘Flavonoids play essential roles in human health.Apple(Malus domestica Borkh.),one of the most widely produced and economically important fruit crops in temperate regions,is a significant source of flavonoids in the human diet and is among the top nutritionally rated and most widely consumed fruits worldwide.Epidemiological studies have shown that the consumption of apples,which are rich in a variety of free and easily absorbable flavonoids,is associated with a decreased risk of various diseases.However,apple production is challenged by serious inbreeding problems.The narrowing of the hereditary base has resulted in apples with poor nutritional quality and low flavonoid contents.Recently,there have been advances in our understanding of the roles that Malus sieversii(Ledeb.)M.Roem has played in the process of apple domestication and breeding.In this study,we review the origin of cultivated apples and red-fleshed apples,and discuss the genetic diversity and construction of the core collections of M.sieversii.We also discuss current research progress and breeding programs on red-skinned and red-fleshed apples and summarize the exploitation and utilization of M.sieversii in the breeding of high-flavonoid,and red-fleshed apples.This study highlights a valuable pattern of horticultural crop breeding using wild germplasm resources.The future challenges and directions of research on the molecular mechanisms of flavonoid accumulation and high-flavonoid apple breeding are discussed.Nan Wang Shenghui Jiang Zongying Zhang Hongcheng Fang Haifeng Xu Yicheng Wang Xuesen Chen 2018Horticulture Research2018,5,1:15
17Ablation and radar-wave transmission performances of the nitride ceramic matrix composites显示文摘The 2.5 dimensional silica fiber reinforced nitride matrix composites (2.5D SiO2f/Si3N4-BN) were prepared through the preceramic polymer impregnation pyro- lysis (PIP) method. The ablation and radar-wave transparent performances of the composite at high temperature were evaluated under arc jet. The composition and ablation surface microstructures were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the 2.5D SiO2f/Si3N4-BN composites have a linear ablation rate of 0.33 mm/s and high radar-wave trans- parent ratio of 98.6%. The fused layer and the matrix are protected by each other, and no fused layer accumulates on the ablation surface. The nitride composite is a high-temperature ablation resistivity and microwave transparent material.JIANG YongGang ZHANG ChangRui CAO Feng WANG SiQing HU HaiFeng QI GongJin 2008Science China(Technological Sciences)2008,51,1:14
18Characteristics of Cd isotopic compositions and their genetic significance in the lead-zinc deposits of SW China显示文摘Up to now,the evaporation and condensation,as well as the biological absorption and inorganic absorptions,have been proved to be major factors in Cd isotope fractionation.And Cd isotopes have been widely applied in studies on the universal evolution and marine environment and so on.However,only a few researches have been conducted in applying Cd isotopes to trace the source of metallogenic material and the evolution of the ore-forming fluid in a complex mineralization environment,especially in a hydrothermal ore-formation system.We measured the Cd isotopic compositions of sphalerite,galena,and ores from five lead-zinc deposits in SW China,and found that the 114/110Cd values varied from 1.53‰to 0.34‰,with a total range of1.87‰,which is greater than most of measured geological samples.Meanwhile,through contrasting the Cd content with Cd isotopic compositions of different deposits,it may be concluded that different genetic lead-zinc deposits have different Cd content and isotopic compositions,which could be a tool for the studies on the origin of ore deposits.Also,the biomineralization and crystal fractionation may also result in Cd isotope fractionation.In a word,although the research of Cd isotopes is presently at the preliminary stage(especially in hydrothermal ore-formation system),this study demonstrated that Cd isotopes can give a clue in tracing the evolution of ore-forming fluid and metallogenic environment.ZHU ChuanWei WEN HanJie ZHANG YuXu FAN HaiFeng FU ShaoHong XU Juan QIN TingRong 2013Science China Earth Sciences2013,56,12:14
19Geochemistry of the ophiolite and oceanic island basalt in the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone, South Qinling and their tectonic significance显示文摘Detailed studies indicate that Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic zone is a complicated mélange zone which includes many tectonic slabs of different origins. Ophiolite (MORB-type basalt), oceanic island tholeiite and alkaline basalt have been identified. Moreover, this tectonic mélange zone is eastward connected with the Mianlüe suture zone. The deformation characteristics, consisting components and volcanic rock geochemical features for the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone are much similar to those of the Mianlüe suture zone and Deerni ophiolite. Therefore, the Kangxian-Pipasi-Nanping tectonic mélange zone should be the westward extension part of the Mianlüe suture zone. It indicates that the Mianlüe suture zone had extended to the Nanping area.LAI Shaocong ZHANG Guowei PEI Xianzhi YANG Haifeng 2004Science China Earth Sciences2004,47,2:13
20Small molecule compound induces chromatin de-condensation and facilitates induced pluripotent stern cell generation显示文摘Xiaoyuan Wei Yueting Chen Yongyu Xu YangZhan Ru Zhang Min Wang Qiuhong Hua Haifeng Gu Fajun Nan Xin Xie 2014Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2014,8,5:13
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