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| 1 | Methods, units and quality requirements for the analysis of haemoglobin A_(1c) in diabetes mellitus显示文摘The formation of glycohemoglobin, especially the hemoglobin A1c(Hb_(A1c)) fraction, occurs when glucose becomes coupled with the amino acid valine in the β-chain of Hb; this reaction is dependent on the plasma concentration of glucose. Since the early 1970 s it has been known that diabetics display higher values of Hb_(A1c) because they have elevated blood glucose concentrations. Thus Hb_(A1c) has acquired a very important role in the treatment and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. After the introduction of the first quantitative measurement of Hb_(A1c), numerous methods for glycohemoglobin have been introduced with different assay principles: From a simple minicolumn technique to the very accurate automated highpressure chromatography and lastly to many automated immunochemical or enzymatic assays. In early days, the results of the quality control reports for Hb_(A1c) varied extensively between laboratories, therefore in United States and Canada working groups(WG) of the Diabetes Controls and Complications Trial(DCCT) were set up to standardize the Hb_(A1c) assays against the DCCT/National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program reference method based on liquid chromatography. In the 1990 s, the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine(IFCC) appointed a new WG to plan a reference preparation and method for the Hb_(A1c) measurement. When the reference procedureswere established, in 2004 IFCC recommended that all manufacturers for equipment used in Hb_(A1c) assays should calibrate their methods to their proposals. This led to an improvement in the coefficient of variation(CV%) associated with the assay. In this review, we describe the glycation of Hb, methods, standardization of the Hb_(A1c) assays, analytical problems, problems with the units in which Hb_(A1c) values are expressed, reference values, quality control aspects, target requirements for Hb_(A1c), and the relationship of the plasma glucose values to Hb_(A1c) concentrations. We also note that the acceptance of the mmol/mol system for Hb_(A1c) as recommended by IFCC, i.e., the new unit and reference ranges, are becoming only slowly accepted outside of Europe where it seems that expressing Hb_(A1c) values either only in per cent units or with parallel reporting of percent and mmol/mol will continue. We believe that these issues should be resolved in the future and that it would avoid confusion if mmol/mol unit for Hb_(A1c) were to gain worldwide acceptance. | Ilkka Penttil? Karri Penttil? P?ivi Holm Harri Laitinen P?ivi Ranta Jukka T?rr?nen Rainer Rauramaa | 2016 | World Journal of Methodology2016，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | Swainsonine inhibits the biosynthesis of complex glycoproteins by inhibition of Golgi mannosidase Ⅱ显示文摘 | Tulsiani D R P Harris T M Touster O | 1982 | Journal of Biological Chemistry1982，257，14： | 1 |
| 3 | Natural occurrences of ochratoxicosis in poultry显示文摘 | Hamilton P A T B Huff W E Harris J R A Y | 1982 | Poultry Science1982，61，9： | 1 |
| 4 | Earnings as an Explanatory Variable for Returns显示文摘 | P D Easton T S Harris | 1991 | Journal of Accounting Research1991，29，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Global Distribution of LargeSubmarine Canyons: Geomorphic Differences BetweenActive and Passive Continental Margins 显示文摘 | Harris P T Whiteway T | 2011 | MarineGeology2011，285，1234： | 1 |
| 6 | Develop-ments in Nisin research 显示文摘 | Harris L J Fleming H P Klaenhammer T R | 1992 | Food Research1992，25，： | 1 |
| 7 | Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus Postia placenta supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion 显示文摘 | Martinez D Challacombe J Morgenstern 1 Hibbett D Schmoll M Kubicek CP Ferreira P Ruiz-Duenas FJ Martinez AT Kersten P Hammel KE Wymelenberg AV Gaskell J Lindquist E Sabat G BonDurant SS Larrondo LF Canessa P Vicuna R Yadav J Doddapaneni H Subramanian V Pisabarro AG Lavin JL Oguiza JA Master E Henrissat B Coutinho PM Harris P Magnuson JK Baker SE Bruno K Kenealy W Hoegger PJ Kties U Ramaiya P kucas S Salamov A Shapiro H Tu H Chee CL Misra M Xie G Teter S Yaver D James T Mokrejs M Pospisek M Grigoriev IV Brettin T Rokhsar D Berka R Cullen D | 2009 | PNAS2009，106，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Develop-ments in Nisin research 显示文摘 | Harris L J Fleming H P Klaenhammer T R | 1992 | Food Research1992，25，： | 1 |
| 9 | Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning显示文摘 | Harris P German T Mills P | 1996 | Cognition1996，61，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of nitrogen and irriga-tion on water use of maize crops显示文摘 | Ogola J B O Wheeler T R Harris P M | 2002 | Field Crops Research2002，78，23： | 1 |
| 11 | Modelling and Identification of Industrial Pneumatic Drive System 显示文摘 | HARRIS P G OI:)ONNELL G E WHEI AN T | 2012 | International Journal of'' Advanced Manufacturing Technolo- gy2012，58，912： | 1 |
| 12 | Delayed neurologic sequelae resulting from epidemic diethylene glycol poisoning显示文摘 | Alfred S Coleman P Harris D Wigmore T Stachowski E Graudins A | 2005 | Clin Toxicol ( Phila )2005，43，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Simulated space environmental effects on a polyetherimide and its carbon fiber-reinforced composites 显示文摘 | Kern K T Stancil P C Harries W L | 1993 | SAMPE Journal1993，29，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Molecularcloning and Nucleotide-sequence of Cdna Coding for Calf Preprochymosin 显示文摘 | HARRIS T LOWE P A LYONS A | 1982 | Nucleic Acids Research1982，10，： | 1 |
| 15 | Construction of genetically engineered baculovirus insecticides containing the Bacillus thuringinensis subsp, kurstaki HD-73 delta endotoxin显示文摘 | MERRYEATHER A T WEYER U HARRIS M P G | 1994 | Genes Virol1994，71，： | 1 |
| 16 | Earnings as an explanatory variable for returns显示文摘 | Easton P D Harris T S | 1991 | Journal of Accounting Research1991，29，： | 1 |
| 17 | Inclusions in sublithospheric diamonds: Glimpses of deep earth显示文摘 | Stachel T Brey G P Harris J W | 2005 | Elements2005，1，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of nitrogen and irrigationon water use of maize crops显示文摘 | Ogola J B O Wheeler T R Harris P M | 2002 | Field Crops Research2002，78，23： | 1 |
| 19 | Genetics and cytology of a new genic male - sterile soybean 显示文摘 | Wei J Harry T H Reid G P | 1997 | Sex Plant Reprod1997，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | Detection of chemical warfare-related species on complex aerosol particles deposited on surfaces using an ion trap-based aerosol mass spectrometer 显示文摘 | HARRIS W A REILLY P T WHITTEN W B | 2007 | Anal Chem2007，79，： | 1 |
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