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| 1 | 柴油机共轨式喷油系统显示文摘德国戴姆勒·奔驰汽车公司在世界范围内首次推出采用新型共轨式燃油喷射系统的4气门直喷式柴油机,并用于A、C级轿车上,由此揭开了柴油机燃油喷射技术的新篇章。早在1993年公司对当时现有的喷油系统进行了广泛的比较和系统评定之后决定批量开发共轨式喷油系统。 | Hoffmann K H Hummel K Maderstein T 陈勇华 | 1998 | 国外内燃机1998，30，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Integrating insulin-like growth factor 1 and sex hormones into neuroprotection:Implications for diabetes显示文摘Brain integrity and cognitive aptitude are often impaired in patients with diabetes mellitus, presumably a result of the metabolic complications inherent to the disease. However, an increasing body of evidence has demonstrated the central role of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF1) and its relation to sex hormones in many neuroprotective processes. Both male and female patients with diabetes display abnormal IGF1 and sexhormone levels but the comparison of these fluctuations is seldom a topic of interest. It is interesting to note that both IGF1 and sex hormones have the ability to regulate phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinases-extracellular signal-related kinasesignaling cascades in animal and cell culture models of neuroprotection. Additionally, there is considerable evidence demonstrating the neuroprotective coupling of IGF1 and estrogen. Androgens have also been implicated in many neuroprotective processes that operate on similar signaling cascades as the estrogen-IGF1 relation. Yet, androgens have not been directly linked to the brain IGF1 system and neuroprotection. Despite the sex-specific variations in brain integrity and hormone levels observed in diabetic patients, the IGF1-sex hormone relation in neuroprotection has yet to be fully substantiated in experimental models of diabetes. Taken together, there is a clear need for the comprehensive analysis of sex differences on brain integrity of diabetic patients and the relationship between IGF1 and sex hormones that may influence brain-health outcomes. As such, this review will briefly outline the basic relation of diabetes and IGF1 and its role in neuroprotection. We will also consider the findings on sex hormones and diabetes as a basis for separately analyzing males and females to identify possible hormone-induced brain abnormalities. Finally, we will introduce the neuroprotective interplay of IGF1 and estrogen and how androgen-derived neuroprotection operates through similar signaling cascades. Future research on both neuroprotection and diabetes should include androgens into the interplay of IGF1 and sex hormones. | Jacob Huffman Christina Hoffmann George T Taylor | 2017 | World Journal of Diabetes2017，8，2： | 4 |
| 3 | WONCA研究论文摘要汇编——家长对全科医生应用抗生素治疗急性呼吸道感染患儿的效果期望及实际治疗情况的调查研究显示文摘目的全科医生常用抗生素治疗急性呼吸道感染患儿,尽管抗生素对普通的急性呼吸道感染益处不大,而且会带来对抗生素产生耐药性等危害。家长经常因为要求全科医生给患儿开抗生素而被指责。本研究旨在调查家长对使用抗生素治疗患儿的必要性的看法,量化他们对使用抗生素获益的期望,报道使用其他方式治疗本病患儿的经验,报道参与及共同做出决策偏好。方法本研究采用计算机辅助电话采访法。研究对象选自通过随机拨打家庭固定电话联系的澳大利亚多个社区中1~12岁儿童的主要照看者(家长)。结果共拨打了14 505个电话号码,其中10 340个为有效号码。通过拨打电话联系到了589位可能符合研究要求的家长,其中401位接受了采访。绝大部分(92%)受访的家长认为,对普通急性上呼吸道感染,尤其是急性中耳炎来说,抗生素有很好的治疗效果,尽管治疗这些疾病,尤其是急性咳嗽、咽喉痛,不使用抗生素,有时候是可行的。家长们把抗生素的疗效高估了5~10倍,而且他们认为应用抗生素能减少并发症的发生。大部分(78%)家长认识到了抗生素可以带来危害。回顾最近带孩子就诊的经历,44%的家长谈到了自己至少和全科医生讨论过为什么使用抗生素治疗,自己和全科医生在此方面的看法不一致;75%的家长想更多地参与后续治疗中的临床决策。结论部分家长对应用抗生素治疗患儿急性呼吸道感染的看法存在误区,他们高估了使用抗生素治疗的必要性以及抗生素的疗效。因此,全科医生与家长就此方面进行良好的沟通是减少使用抗生素治疗急性呼吸道感染患儿的措施之一。 | COXETER P D MAR C D HOFFMANN T C 本刊编辑部 | 2017 | 中国全科医学2017，20，16： | 3 |
| 4 | 高速水冷淬火过程中残余压应力的形成显示文摘据文献报道,快速水冷淬火可在试样表面形成残余压应力(RSs)从而显著提高其疲劳极限,这种技术被称为'强烈淬火'。德国热处理协会'淬火'技术委员会发起了一个旨在精确研究上述问题的研究项目。本文重点介绍马氏体相变对残余应力形成的影响。为了在圆柱试样表面得到残余压应力,需要确定合适的工艺窗口。在此窗口中,淬火冷却速度要求足够快,以致于在圆柱体内达到最大温度梯度之前,表面温度已经低于Ms。 | J Rath T Liibben F Hoffmann H-W Zoch 顾剑锋 | 2013 | 热处理2013，28，2： | 3 |
| 5 | Environm-ental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis显示文摘 | Hoffmann M R Martin S T Choi W | 1995 | Chem Rev1995，95，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Differential diagnosis in patients with suspected bile acid synthesis defects显示文摘AIM: To investigate the clinical presentations associated with bile acid synthesis defects and to describe identification of individual disorders and diagnostic pitfalls. METHODS: We describe semiquantitative determination of 16 urinary bile acid metabolites by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Sample preparation was performed by solid-phase extraction. The total analysis time was 2 min per sample. We determined bile acid metabolites in 363 patients with suspected defects in bile acid metabolism. RESULTS: Abnormal bile acid metabolites were found in 36 patients. Two patients had bile acid synthesis defects but presented with atypical presentations. In 2 other patients who were later shown to be affected by biliary atresia and cystic fibrosis the profile of bile acid metabolites was initially suggestive of a bile acid synthesis defect. Three adult patients suffered from cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Nineteen patients had peroxisomal disorders, and 10 patients had cholestatic hepatopathy of other cause. CONCLUSION: Screening for urinary cholanoids should be done in every infant with cholestatic hepatopathy as well as in children with progressive neurological disease to provide specific therapy. | Dorothea Haas Hongying Gan-Schreier Claus-Dieter Langhans Tilman Rohrer Guido Engelmann Maura Heverin David W Russell Peter T Clayton Georg F Hoffmann Jürgen G Okun | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，10： | 2 |
| 7 | Design and validation of a microarray for detection, hemagglutinin subtyping, and pathotyping of avian influenza viruses显示文摘 | Gall A Hoffmann B Harder T | 2009 | J Clin Microbiol2009，47，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Metformin effects on dipeptidyl peptidase IV degradation of glucagon - like peptide- 1 显示文摘 | Hinke S A Kuhn - Wache K Hoffmann T | 2002 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun2002，291，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Homeodomain protein ATHB6 is a target of protein phosphatase ABI1 and regulates hormone responses in Arabidopsis显示文摘 | Himmelbach A Hoffmann T Leube M | 2002 | EMBO Journal2002，21，： | 1 |
| 10 | Improved detection of liver metastases with phase inversion ultrasound during the late phase of levovist显示文摘 | Albrecht T Hoffmann CW Schettler S | 2002 | Acad radiol2002，9，： | 1 |
| 11 | Environmental applica- tions of semiconductor photocatalysis 显示文摘 | Hoffmann M R Martin S T Choi W | 1995 | Chemical Reviews1995，95，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Role of Thalamic Projection in NMDA Receptor-Induced Disruption of Cortical Slow Oscillation and Short-Term Plasticity显示文摘 | Kiss T Hoffmann WE Scott L | 2011 | Front Psychiatry2011，2，： | 1 |
| 13 | Recognition of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by the Uhrfl SRA domain 显示文摘 | Frauer C Hoffmann T Bultmann S | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，21： | 1 |
| 14 | Uhrasonographic detection of focal liver lesions;inereased sensitivity and specificity with microbubble contrast agents显示文摘 | Hohmann J Albrecht T Hoffmann CW | 2003 | Eur J Radiol2003，46，2： | 1 |
| 15 | A simple and general method for transferring genes into plants, Science显示文摘 | Fry T E Hoffmann N L | 1995 | (227): 1227 - 12311995，，227： | 1 |
| 16 | Chemical Reviews显示文摘 | Hoffmann M R Martin S T Choi W | 1995 | 95(1):691995，95，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis显示文摘 | HOFFMANN M R MARTIN S T WONGYONG C BAHNEMANN D W | 1995 | Chem Rev1995，95，： | 1 |
| 18 | 显示文摘 | Wachtlin J Schrunder S Pham D T Hoffmann F Hartmann C | 1998 | Ophthalmologe1998，95，： | 1 |
| 19 | Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis 显示文摘 | Hoffmann M R Martin S T Choi W | 1995 | Chem Rev1995，95，1： | 1 |
| 20 | 显示文摘 | Li J T Hoffmann M W G Shen H | 2012 | J Mater Chem2012，22，20： | 1 |
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