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| 1 | 帕博利珠单抗单用或与放疗联用治疗转移性非小细胞肺癌:两个随机试验的汇总分析显示文摘背景放疗可以提高整个机体对免疫治疗的应答。在Ⅱ期PEMBRO-RT研究和Ⅰ/Ⅱ期MDACC研究中,患有转移性非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的患者被随机分配入组,接受免疫治疗(帕博利珠单抗)+放疗联合疗法,或免疫治疗单一疗法。当上述2个研究单独分析时,联合疗法组显示出潜在获益。由于每个研究的样本量较小,缓解率和结局并未显示出统计学意义,然而却有显著的临床获益。因此,本研究进行汇总分析,来判断放疗是否会改善转移性NSCLC患者的免疫治疗应答。方法PEMBRO-RT和MDACC研究纳入标准:患者年龄≥18岁,患有转移性NSCLC,且有≥1处未经放疗照射的病灶,以便进行射野外应答监测。PEMBRO-RT研究纳入曾接受过化疗患者,MDACC研究纳入曾接受过治疗或新诊断患者。2个研究中的患者均未接受过免疫治疗。在PEMBRO-RT研究中患者被等比例随机分配入组,并根据吸烟状态进行分层(分为<10年组和≥10年组)。MDACC研究的患者根据放疗计划可行性被等比例随机分配入2个受试组。由于联合治疗组的干预本质,每个研究中的放疗均不适用盲法。在2个研究中,不论是否进行放疗,均静脉滴入帕博利珠单抗(每3周200 mg)。在PEMBRO-RT研究中,在放疗(24 Gy 3次分割照射)结束后1周给予第1剂帕博利珠单抗。在MDACC研究中,在第1次放疗(50 Gy 4次分割照射或45 Gy 15次分割照射)同时给予帕博利珠单抗。仅检测未经照射病灶的应答。本研究的终点为最佳射野外(远隔)应答率(ARR)、最佳射野外疾病控制率(ACR)、12周时ARR、12周时ACR、无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。2个研究的意向治疗(ITT)人群均纳入分析。PEMBRO-RT研究(NCT02492568)和MDACC研究(NCT02444741)均在ClinicalTrials.gov上注册。发现纳入148例患者,76例接受帕博利珠单抗治疗,72例接受帕博利珠单抗+放疗治疗。所有患者随访时间中位数为33个月[四分位距(IQR):32.4~33.6]。148例患者中124例(84%)组织学特征为非鳞癌,111例(75%)患者曾经接受过化疗。组间没有基线特征差异,包括PD-L1表达状态和转移灶体积。最常见的照射部位为肺转移灶(39%,28/72)、胸腔内淋巴结(21%,15/72)和非原发灶(17%,12/72)。帕博利珠单抗组和联合治疗组的最佳ARR分别为19.7%(15/76)和41.7%(30/72),OR=2.96,95%CI:1.42~6.20,P=0.0039;最佳ACR分别为43.4%(33/76)和65.3%(47/72),OR=2.51,95%CI:1.28~4.91,P=0.0071;PFS中位数分别为4.4(IQR:2.9~5.9)和9.0个月(IQR:6.8~11.2),HR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99,P=0.045;OS中位数分别为8.7(IQR:6.4~11.0)和19.2个月(IQR:14.6~23.8),OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.84,P=0.0004。在汇总分析中没有发现新的安全问题。解读帕博利珠单抗免疫疗法+放疗显著提高转移性NSCLC患者的应答和改善治疗结局。这些结果需要在三期临床试验中进行验证。 | 陈大卫(翻译) 于金明(校对) Willemijn S M E Theelen Vivek Verma Brian P Hobbs Heike M U Peulen Joachim G J V Aerts Idris Bahce Anna Larissa N Niemeijer Joe Y Chang Patricia M de Groot Quynh-Nhu Nguyen Nathan I Comeaux George R Simon Ferdinandos Skoulidis Steven H Lin Kewen He Roshal Patel John Heymach Paul Baas James W Welsh | 2021 | 中华肿瘤防治杂志2021，28，24： | 49 |
| 2 | China Patient-centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events Prospective Study of Acute Myocardial Infarction: Study Design显示文摘 | Rachel P Dreyer Xi Li Xue Du Nicholas S Downing Li Li Hai-Bo Zhang Fang Feng Wen-Chi Guan Xiao Xu Shu-Xia Li Zhen-Qiu Lin Frederick A Masoudi John A Spertus Harlan M Krumholz Li-Xin Jiang | 2016 | Chinese Medical Journal2016，，1： | 13 |
| 3 | Uterine Rbpj is required for embryonic-uterine orientation and decidual remodeling via Notch pathway-independent and -dependent mechanisms显示文摘协调的子宫胚胎的轴形成并且蜕膜的改变是哺乳动物的培植以后的胚胎开发的特点。胚胎子宫的取向在起始的培植被决定并且与蜕膜的开发同步。然而,控制这些事件的分子的机制留下尽管有它的发现逃犯很长时间以前。在现在的学习,我们发现了 Rbpj 的那子宫特定的删除,槽口发信号的原子变换器,在培植以后的阶段导致了反常胚胎子宫的取向和蜕膜的 patterning,导致实质的胚胎损失。我们进一步表明在胚胎附件以前, Rbpj 授与在时间上经由身体上与子宫的雌激素受体交往的子宫的腔形状转变(ERα) 以一种槽口小径无关的方式,它为在有子宫的轴的排列的胚胎取向的起始的建立是必要的。当时在培植以后的阶段, Rbpj 直接以一种槽口小径依赖者方式调整子宫的矩阵 metalloproteinase 的表示,它为正常被要求培植以后的蜕膜的改变。这些结果证明子宫的 Rbpj 为经由指示起始的胚胎子宫的取向并且以一种阶段特定的方式保证正常蜕膜的 patterning 的正常胚胎开发是必要的。我们的数据也证实正常哺乳动物的胚胎子宫的取向要求的概念合适的指导从发展地控制了子宫的发信号。 | Shuang Zhang Shuangbo Kong Bingyan Wang Xiaohong Cheng Yongjie Chen Weiwei Wu Qiang Wang Junchao Shi Ying Zhang Shumin Wang Jinhua Lu John P Lydon Francesco DeMayo Warren S Pear Hua Han Haiyan Lin Lei Li Hongmei Wang Yan-ling Wang Bing Li Qi Chen Enkui Duan Haibin Wang | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，8： | 12 |
| 4 | Prospective randomized controlled trial evaluating cap-assisted colonoscopy vs standard colonoscopy显示文摘AIM: To study the significance of cap-fitted colonoscopy in improving cecal intubation time and polyp detection rate. METHODS: This study was a prospective randomized controlled trial conducted from March 2008 to February 2009 in a tertiary referral hospital at Sydney. The primary end point was cecal intubation time and the secondary endpoint was polyp detection rate. Consecutive cases of total colonoscopy over a 1-year period were recruited. Randomization into either standard colonoscopy (SC) or cap-assisted colonoscopy (CAC) was performed after consent was obtained. For cases randomized to CAC, one of the three sizes of cap was used: D-201-15004 (with a diameter of 15.3 mm), D-201-14304 (14.6 mm) and D-201-12704 (13.0 mm). All of these caps were produced by Olympus Medical Systems, Japan. Independent predictors for faster cecal time and better polyp detection rate were also determined from this study. RESULTS: There were 200 cases in each group. There was no signif icant difference in terms of demographic characteristics between the two groups. CAC, when compared to the SC group, had no signif icant difference in terms of cecal intubation rate (96.0% vs 97.0%, P = 0.40) and time (9.94 ± 7.05 min vs 10.34 ± 6.82 min, P = 0.21), or polyp detection rate (32.8% vs 31.3%, P = 0.75). On the subgroup analysis, there was no significant difference in terms of cecal intubation time by trainees (88.1% vs 84.8%, P = 0.40), ileal intubation rate (82.5% vs 79.0%, P = 0.38) or total colonoscopy time (23.24 ± 13.95 min vs 22.56 ± 9.94 min, P = 0.88). On multivariate analysis, the independent determinants of faster cecal time were consultant-performed procedures (P < 0.001), male patients (P < 0.001), non-usage of hyoscine (P < 0.001) and better bowel preparation (P = 0.01). The determinants of better polyp detection rate were older age (P < 0.001), no history of previous abdominal surgery (P = 0.04), patients not having esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the same setting (P = 0.003), trainee-performed procedures (P = 0.01), usage of hyoscine (P = 0.01) and procedures performed for polyp follow-up (P = 0.01). The limitations of the study were that it was a single-center experience, no blinding was possible, and there were a large number of endoscopists. CONCLUSION: CAC did not signif icantly different from SC in term of cecal intubation time and polyp detection rate. | Hoi-Poh Tee Crispin Corte Hamdan Al-Ghamdi Emilia Prakoso John Darke Raman Chettiar Wassim Rahman Scott Davison Sean P Griffin Warwick S Selby Arthur J Kaffes | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，31： | 10 |
| 5 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 6 | Meeting report:a hard look at the state of enamel research显示文摘The Encouraging Novel Amelogenesis Models and Ex vivo cell Lines(ENAMEL) Development workshop was held on 23 June 2017 at the Bethesda headquarters of the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research(NIDCR). Discussion topics included model organisms, stem cells/cell lines, and tissues/3 D cell culture/organoids. Scientists from a number of disciplines,representing institutions from across the United States, gathered to discuss advances in our understanding of enamel, as well as future directions for the field. | ophir d klein olivier duverger wendy shaw rodrigo s lacruz derk joester janet moradian-oldak megan k pugach j timothy wright sarah e millar ashok b kulkarni john d bartlett thomas gh diekwisch pamela den besten james p simmer | 2017 | International Journal of Oral Science2017，9，4： | 3 |
| 7 | Th1 cytokines promote T-cell binding to antigen-presenting cells via enhanced hyaluronan production and accumulation at the immune synapse显示文摘Hyaluronan(HA)production by dendritic cells(DCs)is known to promote antigen presentation and to augment T-cell activation and proliferation.We hypothesized that pericellular HA can function as intercellular‘glue’directly mediating T cell–DC binding.Using primary human cells,we observed HA-dependent binding between T cells and DCs,which was abrogated upon pre-treatment of the DCs with 4-methylumbelliferone(4-MU),an agent which blocks HA synthesis.Furthermore,T cells regulate HA production by DCs via T cell-derived cytokines in a T helper(Th)subset-specific manner,as demonstrated by the observation that cell-culture supernatants from Th1 but not Th2 clones promote HA production.Similar effects were seen upon the addition of exogenous Th1 cytokines,IL-2,interferon c(IFN-c)and tumor necrosis factor a(TNF-a).The critical factors which determined the extent of DC–T cell binding in this system were the nature of the pre-treatment the DCs received and their capacity to synthesize HA,as T-cell clones which were pre-treated with monensin,added to block cytokine secretion,bound equivalently irrespective of their Th subset.These data support the existence of a feedforward loop wherein T-cell cytokines influence DC production of HA,which in turn affects the extent of DC–T cell binding.We also document the presence of focal deposits of HA at the immune synapse between T-cells and APC and on dendritic processes thought to be important in antigen presentation.These data point to a pivotal role for HA in DC–T cell interactions at the IS. | Paul L Bollyky Stephen P Evanko Rebecca P Wu Susan Potter-Perigo S Alice Long Brian Kinsella Helena Reijonen Kelly Guebtner Brandon Teng Christina K Chan Kathy R Braun John A Gebe Gerald T Nepom Thomas N Wight | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Computer-based land use suitability mapping显示文摘 | John L Frederic P S | 1983 | The Cartographic Journal1983，10，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Risk for esophageal neoplasia in B arrett’s esophagus patients with mucosal changes indefinite for dysplasia显示文摘 | Bela Horvath Prabhdeep Singh Hao Xie Prashanthi N Thota Daniela S Allende Rish K Pai Deepa T Patil Thomas P Plesec John R Goldblum Xiuli Liu | 2015 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2015，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Suspension array technology:evolution of the flat-array paradigm显示文摘 | NOLAN LARRY A S | 2002 | Trends in Biotechnology2002，20，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Longterm threshold of nonsteroidal permanent pacing leads:a 5-year study显示文摘 | THOMAS P JOHN P MATJAZ S | 1996 | Pacing Clin Electrophysiol1996，19，： | 1 |
| 12 | City branding: Can goods and services branding models be used to brand cities? 显示文摘 | Brenda P John S | 2005 | Place Brandjing2005，2，3： | 1 |
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| 14 | Logging damage during planned and unplanned logging operations in the eastern Amazon显示文摘 | JOHNS J S BARRETO P UHL C | 1996 | For Ecol Manage1996，89，： | 1 |
| 15 | Combination assay detecting both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) P24 antigen and anti- bodies open a second diagnostic window显示文摘 | David S Peter P John D | 2005 | J Clin Microhiol2005，43，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Transient expression and insertional mutagenesis of Puccinia triticina using biolistics显示文摘 | CRAIG A W LES J S GUUS B CLARKE G RICHARD C S MERLE E JOHN P F | 2005 | Functional & Integrative Genomics2005，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | The Haddon matrix:Applying an epidemiologic research tool as a framework for death inveatigation显示文摘 | Conroy Carol M P H Fowler John B S | 2000 | The America Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathalogy2000，21，04： | 1 |
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