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| 1 | Taxonomic placement of Epichloëpoae sp.nov.and horizontal dissemination to seedlings via conidia显示文摘A new Epichloëspecies distributed in Africa,Europe,North America and South America on host genera Bromus,Festuca,Lolium and Poa is described.Stromata,characteristic of the genus,frequently occurred on the reproductive tillers of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia,but neither perithecia nor mature asci were observed.Conidiogenous cells and conidial characteristics were in the range of Epichloëtyphina.Regions of the genes encodingβ-tubulin(tub2)and translation elongation factor 1-α(tef1)were amplified and sequenced.Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences grouped the Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia endophyte into one group within a non-hybrid Epichloëspecies complex.On the basis of morphology,host range and evolutionary history we propose that this endophyte represents a new species of Epichloë.The name Epichloëpoae is proposed for this endophyte.The infectivity of the conidia produced on plants was evaluated.In the first experiment,using conidia of Epichloëpoae from leaves and endophytefree seeds of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia we show that when germinating seeds and developing seedlings of the plant were exposed to conidia,28–57%of seedlings became infected by the endophyte.The non-inoculated control plants showed no colonization by the endophyte.In the following spring after vernalization,colonized plants on flowering culms produced stromata with conidia.In the second experiment,using stromal conidia and the same procedure,19–42%of seedlings of Poa secunda subsp.juncifolia became colonized by the endophyte.Our results demonstrate that Epichloëpoae may spread to uninfected grass hosts by conidia frequently formed on the surfaces of plant leaves as well as by conidia formed on stromata. | Mariusz Tadych Karen V.Ambrose Marshall S.Bergen Faith C.Belanger James F.White Jr | 2012 | Fungal Diversity2012，，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Carbon dioxide conversion to valuable chemical products over composite catalytic systems显示文摘This paper reports an experimental study on catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol,ethanol and acetic acid.Catalysts having different catalytic functions were synthesized and combined in different ways to enhance the selectivity to desired products.The combined catalyst system possessed the following functions:methanol synthesis,Fischer-Tropsch synthesis,water-gas-shift and hydrogenation.Results showed that the methods of integrating these catalytic functions played an important role in achieving the desired product selectivity.We speculate that if methanol synthesis sites were located adjacent to the C-C chain growth sites,the formation rate of C_2 oxygenates would be enhanced.The advantage of using a high temperature methanol catalyst PdZnAl in the combined catalyst system was demonstrated.In the presence of PdZnAl catalyst,the combined catalyst system was stable at 380°C.It was observed that,at high temperature,kinetics favored oxygenate formation.The results implied that the process can be intensified by operating at high temperature using Pd-based methanol synthesis catalyst.Steam reforming of the byproduct organics was demonstrated as a means to provide supplemental hydrogen.Preliminary process design,simulation,and economic analysis of the proposed CO_2 conversion process were carried out.Economic analysis indicates how ethanol production cost was affected by the price of CO_2 and hydrogen. | Robert A.Dagle Jianli Hu Susanne B.Jones Wayne Wilcox John G.Frye James F.White Juyuan Jiang Yong Wang | 2013 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2013，22，3： | 2 |
| 3 | Occultocarpon,a new monotypic genus of Gnomoniaceae on Alnus nepalensis from China显示文摘Microfungi in the Gnomoniaceae(Diaporthales,Ascomycetes)comprise species commonly reported as pathogens and endophytes on trees and herbaceous hosts primarily from temperate forests of North America,Europe,and Japan.The diversity of Gnomoniaceae in China is poorly known,although several plant families that occur there specifically the Betulaceae are considered important hosts.An exploratory trip to Yunnan,China,resulted in the discovery of several members of the Gnomoniaceae.In this paper a new monotypic genus,Occultocarpon and its species,O.ailaoshanense,are described and illustrated.A phylogeny based on three genes(LSU,rpb2,tef1-α)reveals that O.ailaoshanense belongs to the Gnomoniaceae and forms a branch distinct from the currently known genera.Occultocarpon ailaoshanense is characterized by perithecia with thin,central to eccentric necks in groups embedded in a stroma and oblong elliptical-elongated,one-septate ascospores.Occultocarpon ailaoshanense occurs on the bark of branches of Alnus nepalensis(Betulaceae)in Yunnan,China. | Luis C.Mejía Amy Y.Rossman Lisa A.Castlebury Zhu L.Yang James F.White Jr | 2012 | Fungal Diversity2012，，1： | 0 |
| 4 | Endophytic bacteria in grass crop growth promotion and biostimulation显示文摘Plants naturally carry microbes on seeds and within seeds that may facilitate development and early survival of seedlings.Some crops have lost seed-vectored microbes in the process of domestication or during seed storage and seed treatment.Biostimulant microbes from wild plants were used by pre-modern cultures to re-acquire beneficial seed microbes.Today some companies have developed or are developing the use of microbes obtained from soils or plant sources to stimulate plant development and growth.Many of these biostimulant microbes are endophytic in plants.Biostimulant products also include humic substances,which appear to function as signal molecules in plants,triggering increased internalization of soil microbes into root cells and tissues.In addition,protein coatings on seeds fuel the growth of seed surface-vectored microbes,increasing microbial activity around and within roots.In this article,we provide evidence of the endophytic nature of many biostimulant microbes,and suggest that many of the beneficial effects of microbial biostimulants stem from their action as endophytes or as participants or stimulants of rhizophagy cycle activity. | James F.White Xiaoqian Chang Kathryn L.Kingsley Qiuwei Zhang Peerapol Chiaranunt April Micci Fernando Velazquez Matthew Elmore Sharron Crane Shanjia Li Jiaxin Lu María Carmen Molina Natalia González-Benítez Miguel J.Beltrán-García Kurt P.Kowalski | 2021 | Grass Research2021，1，1： | 0 |
| 5 | Endophytic and pathogenic fungi of developing cranberry ovaries from flower to mature fruit:diversity and succession显示文摘Culturable fungal population diversity and succession was investigated in developing cranberry ovaries of fruit rot-resistant and rot-susceptible cranberry selections,from flower through mature fruit.Fungi were recovered in culture from 1185 of 1338 ovary tissues collected from June to September,yielding 2255 isolates that represented 42 morphotaxa.During the season,species richness varied from 2 to 17 and 2 to 18 in rot-resistant and rotsusceptible selections,respectively,increasing from wk1 to wk10 and then gradually declining to wk14.Shannon-Wiener diversity index varied from 0.27 to 2.32 in rotresistant and 0.18 to 2.38 in rot-susceptible,and Pielou’s evenness index varied from 0.11 to 0.63 and 0.06 to 0.64 in rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections,respectively,confirming that diversity of fungi in developing ovaries was similar among rot-resistant and rot-susceptible selections,but varied among sampling time points.Principal component analysis grouped samples collected at the same sampling time point together regardless of rot susceptibility of the selections,and detected the predominant fungal species associated with each stage of development.Successional changes were observed in populations of endophytic,pathogenic and saprophytic fungi throughout the season as ovaries matured. | Mariusz Tadych Marshall S.Bergen Jennifer Johnson-Cicalese James J.Polashock Nicholi Vorsa James F.White Jr | 2012 | Fungal Diversity2012，，3： | 0 |
| 6 | Phylogeny and taxonomy of Ophiognomonia(Gnomoniaceae,Diaporthales),including twenty-five new species in this highly diverse genus显示文摘Species of Ophiognomonia are leaf-inhabiting endophytes,pathogens,and saprobes that infect plants in the families Betulaceae,Fagaceae,Juglandaceae,Lauraceae,Malvaceae,Platanaceae,Rosaceae,Salicaceae,and Sapindaceae.Based on extensive collecting,this speciesrich genus is now known to have a world wide distribution in primarily temperate areas,although some species are known from the subtropics.Analyses of DNA sequences from three markers including guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-like protein(MS204),translation elongation factor 1α(tef-1α),and the ITS region including ITS1,5.8 S rDNA and ITS2 regions(ITS)were used to define phylogenetic species in Ophiognomonia.Host plant association correlated with these species.Twenty-five new species of Ophiognomonia and two new combinations are proposed with descriptions and illustrations.In addition,descriptions and illustrations are provided for 12 other species of Ophiognomonia.A key is provided to the 45 currently accepted species of Ophiognomonia.The disposition of additional names in Ophiognomonia is also discussed. | Donald M.Walker Lisa A.Castlebury Amy Y.Rossman Luis C.Mejía James F.White | 2012 | Fungal Diversity2012，，6： | 0 |
| 7 | In the forest vine Smilax rotundifolia,fungal epiphytes show site-wide spatial correlation,while endophytes show evidence of niche partitioning显示文摘Endophytic and epiphytic fungal assemblages from stems of S.rotundifolia,a shrubby vine,were studied in order to(1)quantify differences and the degree of overlap between fungal communities of both micro-habitats,and(2)examine whether fungal assemblages are spatially correlated at the local scale(tens to hundreds of meters),in order to understand if dispersal limitation may play a role in structuring these communities.Sampling was conducted over 160 m of growth along a forest edge.The communities showed low overlap(Bray-Curtis Similarity=0.22),with most species that were common in one habitat appearing rarely if at all in the other,and only Aureobasidium pullulans showing high frequency in both.Epiphytic assemblages proved to be spatially correlated along the 160 m length of the transect,and even more so when adjacent pairs of stems were considered as the unit of comparison rather than individual stems.Endophytic assemblages showed no significant spatial correlation along the transect.Unexpectedly,three species of endophytes showed a pattern in which abundance of colonies peaked at different heights on the stems.Colletotrichum boninense showed peak abundance at 3 cm from the stem base.Phomopsis sp.1 peaked at 33 cm from the stem base.Endophytic isolates of A.pullulans peaked at 63 cm from the stem tip.It was also found that positive correlative relationships were detected between endophyte-endophyte,and epiphyte-epiphyte pairs.Cross-group interactions seemed to center around crossover species that were not entirely constrained within the surface or interior. | Christopher B.Zambell James F.White | 2015 | Fungal Diversity2015，，6： | 0 |
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