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| 1 | 急性缺血性卒中患者早期处理指南:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的指南显示文摘背景和目的作者提供了关于成年急性缺血性卒中患者评估和治疗方面的现有证据和处理推荐的一份概述。目标读者为涉及急性缺血性卒中患者发病48h内诊治的院前诊疗人员、医生、综合医疗保健人员和医院管理者。该指南将取代先前的2007年版指南及其2009年更新版。方法著述委员会成员由美国卒中协会卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会指定,代表各个领域的医疗专家。在形成共识的整个过程中,严格遵循美国心脏协会的利益冲突原则。委员会成员被分配给与其专业领域相关的内容,对卒中文献进行回顾,重点为前一版指南发表之后的文献,然后按照美国心脏协会卒中委员会的证据强度分级方案起草推荐意见。结果本指南的目的是减少卒中相关的残疾和死亡。本指南支持卒中医疗体系的全局性概念以及从患者识别、急救医疗服务激活、转送和分诊到急诊室和卒中单元内最初数小时诊治的卒中诊治细节。本指南讨论了早期卒中评估和一般治疗、缺血性卒中治疗、特殊干预措施,如再灌注策略以及脑复苏的一般生理学干预原则。结论由于许多推荐意见基于有限的证据,还迫切需要对急性缺血性卒中的治疗做进一步的研究。 | Edward C. Jauch Jeffrey L. Saver Harold P. Adams Askiel Bruno J.J. (Buddy) Connors Bart M. Demaerschalk Pooja Khatri Paul W. McMullan Jr, Adnan I. Qureshi Kenneth Rosenfield Phillip A. Scott Debbie R. Summers David Z. Wang Max Wintermark Howard Yonas 李海峰(译) 岳耀先(译) 王琦(译) 张贤军(译) 丁晓君(译) | 2013 | 国际脑血管病杂志2013，21，7： | 17 |
| 2 | PM_(2.5)and water-soluble inorganic ion concentrations decreased faster in urban than rural areas in China显示文摘We investigated variations of PM_(2.5)and water-soluble inorganic ions chemical characteristics at nine urban and rural sites in China using ground-based observations.From 2015 to 2019,mean PM_(2.5)concentration across all sites decreased by 41.9μg/m~3with a decline of 46%at urban sites and 28%at rural sites,where secondary inorganic aerosol(SIAs)contributed to 21%(urban sites)and 17%(rural sites)of the decreased PM_(2.5).SIAs concentrations underwent a decline at urban locations,while sulfate(SO_(4)^(2–)),nitrate(NO_(3)^(–)),and ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))decreased by 49.5%,31.3%and 31.6%,respectively.However,only SO_(4)^(2–)decreased at rural sites,NO_(3)^(–)increased by 21%and NH_(4)^(+)decreased slightly.Those changes contributed to an overall SIAs increase in 2019.Higher molar ratios of NO_(3)^(–)to SO_(4)^(2–)and NH_(4)^(+)to SO_(4)^(2–)were observed at urban sites than rural sites,being highest in the heavily polluted days.Mean molar ratios of NH_(3)/NH_xwere higher in 2019 than 2015 at both urban and rural sites,implying increasing NH_xremained as free NH_(3).Our observations indicated a slower transition from sulfate-driven to nitrate-driven aerosol pollution and less efficient control of NO_(x)than SO_(2)related aerosol formation in rural regions than urban regions.Moreover,the common factor at urban and rural sites appears to be a combination of lower SO_(4)^(2–)levels and an increasing fraction of NO_(3)^(–)to PM_(2.5)under NH_(4)^(+)-rich conditions.Our findings imply that synchronous reduction in NO_(x)and NH_(3)emissions especially rural areas would be effective to mitigate NO_(3)^(–)-driven aerosol pollution. | Yangyang Zhang Aohan Tang Chen Wang Xin Ma Yunzhe Li Wen Xu Xiaoping Xia Aihua Zheng Wenqing Li Zengguo Fang Xiufen Zhao Xianlong Peng Yuping Zhang Jian Han Lijuan Zhang Jeffrey L.Collett Jr Xuejun Liu | 2022 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2022，34，12： | 2 |
| 3 | D-MELD risk capping improves post-transplant and overall mortality under markov microsimulation显示文摘AIM: To hypothesize that the product of calculated Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score excluding exception points and donor age(D-MELD) risk capping ± Rule 14 could improve post liver transplant and overall survival after listing.METHODS: Probabilities derived from the United Network for Organ Sharing database between 2002 and 2004 were used to simulate potential outcomes for all patients listed for transplantation. The Markov simula-tion was then modified by screening matches using a 1200 or 1600 D-MELD risk cap ± allowing transplants for Model for End-Stage Liver Disease(MELD) ≤ 14(Rule 14). The differential impact of the rule changes was assessed.RESULTS: The Markov simulation accurately reproduced overall and post transplant survival. A 1200 D-MELD risk cap improved post-transplant survival. Both the 1200 and 1600 risk caps improved overall survival for waitlisted patients. The addition of Rule 14 further improved post transplant and overall survival by redistribution of donor livers to recipients in higher MELD subgroups. The mechanism for improved overall and post-transplant survival after listing was due to shifting a larger percentage of transplants to the moderate MELD score subgroup(MELD 15-29) while also ensuring that high MELD recipients have livers of high quality to achieve excellent post transplant survival.CONCLUSION: A 1200 D-MELD risk cap + Rule 14 provided the greatest overall benefit primarily by focusing liver transplantation towards the moderate MELD recipient. | Jeffrey B Halldorson Robert L Carithers Jr Renuka Bhattacharya Ramasamy Bakthavatsalam Iris W Liou Andre A Dick Jorge D Reyes James D Perkins | 2014 | World Journal of Transplantation2014，4，3： | 2 |
| 4 | 农业氨减排对大气PM_(2.5)污染治理日趋重要显示文摘在新冠肺炎疫情期间,中国采取的管制封锁措施大幅减少了交通和工业排放,但农业排放没有受到影响,甚至有所增加.通过全国大气氨浓度地面监测、实时连续观测和卫星观测等手段,我们发现,新冠肺炎疫情管制措施实施期间中国大气氨浓度大范围显著增加,上升幅度在农村地区最为明显(增加22%),在城市和偏远地区变化不明显;而且,管控期间大气氨浓度上升幅度与2015~2019年相同月份相比更大.基于大气化学模式模拟发现,中国北方大气氨浓度上升主要是由农业氨排放增加所致.随着未来我国二氧化硫和氮氧化物等酸性气体排放控制的强化,农业氨排放的协同减排对于进一步削减大气PM污染、提升空气质量尤为重要.进一步分析表明,疫情期间50%农业氨排放可有效抵消氨浓度上升造成的二次无机气溶胶的形成. | 许稳 赵园红 温章 常运华 潘月鹏 孙业乐 马昕 沙志鹏 李紫玥 康嘉慧 刘磊 唐傲寒 王锴 张颖 郭怡鑫 张霖 盛立芳 张秀明 谷保静 宋宇 Martin Van Damme Lieven Clarisse Pierre-Francois Coheur Jeffrey L.Collett Jr Keith Goulding 张福锁 贺克斌 刘学军 | 2022 | Science Bulletin2022，67，17： | 2 |
| 5 | Perirectal inflammatory disease:CT findings显示文摘 | GUILLAUMIN E JEFFREY RB Jr SHEA WJ | 1986 | Radiolo gy1986，161，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Dual-phase helical CT of the liver:value of arterial phase scans in the detection of small mabignant hepatic neoplasms显示文摘 | Jeffrey RB Jr Nino-Murcia M | 1995 | AJR1995，164，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Remote sensing and geomorphometry for studying relief production in high mountains显示文摘 | Michael P Bishop John F Shroder Jr Jeffrey D Colby | 2003 | Geomorphology2003，55，： | 1 |
| 8 | Biliary dilatation:Defining the level and cause by real time US显示文摘 | Laing FC Jeffrey Jr RB Wing VW | 1986 | Radiology1986，160，： | 1 |
| 9 | Karst Unit Mapping Using Geographic Information System Technology显示文摘 | Jeffrey A Green William J Marken E Calvin Alexander Jr | 2002 | USA Environmental Geology2002，42，： | 1 |
| 10 | Color flow Doppler characterization of foeal hepatic lesions显示文摘 | Nino - Murcia M Ralls PW Jeffrey Jr RB | 1992 | Am J Roentgenol1992，159，： | 1 |
| 11 | Imaging the patient with right upper quadrant pain显示文摘 | Nino Murcia M Jeffrey RB Jr | 2001 | Semin Roentgenol2001，36，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Muhidetector CT ofthe pancreas and bile duct system:value of curved planar refom,ations显示文摘 | Nino-Murcia M Jeffrey RB Jr Beanlieu CF | 2001 | American Journal of Roentgenology2001，176，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Endovaginal sonographic evaluation of ectopic pregnancy:a prospective study显示文摘 | Nyberg DA Mack LA Jeffrey RB Jr | 1987 | AJR Am J Roentgenol1987，149，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Color flow Doppler characterization of focal hepatic lesions 显示文摘 | Nino Murcia M Rails PW Jeffrey Jr RB | 1992 | Am J Roentgenol1992，159，： | 1 |
| 15 | CT of small pyogenic hepatic abscesses: the cluster sign显示文摘 | Jeffrey RB Jr Tolentino CS Chang FC | 1988 | AJR1988，151，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Choledocholithiasis and cystic duct obstruction: difficult ultrasonographic diagnosis 显示文摘 | Laing FC Jeffrey RB Jr | 1983 | Radiology1983，146，： | 1 |
| 17 | Ultrasonographically guided thyroid biopsy: a review with emphasis on technique显示文摘 | Rausch P Nowels K Jeffrey RB Jr | 2001 | J Ultrasound Med2001，20，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Spontaneous intrahepatic vascular shunts显示文摘 | Jeffrey R Brooke JR | 2000 | AJR2000，174，： | 1 |
| 19 | Silane pyrolysisin a piston reactor显示文摘 | Philip W Morrison Jr Jeffrey A Reimer | 1989 | AIChE Journal1989，35，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Visualization modes for CT colonography using cylindrical and planar map projections显示文摘 | Paik DS Beaulieu CF Jeffrey RB Jr | 2000 | J Comput Assist Tomogr2000，24，2： | 1 |
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