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| 1 | New generation of multi-scale NWP system (GRAPES):general scientific design显示文摘A new generation of numerical prediction system GRAPES (a short form of Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System) was set up in China Meteorological Administration (CMA). This paper focuses on the scientific design and preliminary results of the numerical prediction model in GRAPES, including basic idea and strategy of the general scientific design, multi-scale dynamic core, physical package configuration, architecture and parallelization of the codes. A series of numerical experiments using the real data with horizontal resolutions from 10 to 280 km and idealized experiments with very high resolution up to 100 m are conducted, giving encouraging results supporting the multi-scale application of GRAPES. The results of operational implementation of GRAPES model in some NWP centers are also presented with stress at evaluations of the capability to predict the main features of precipitation in China. Finally the issues to be dealt with for further development are discussed. | CHEN DeHui XUE JiShan YANG XueSheng ZHANG HongLiang SHEN XueShun HU JiangLin WANG Yu JI LiRen CHEN JiaBin | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，22： | 70 |
| 2 | Scientific design and preliminary results of three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of GRAPES显示文摘The scientific design and preliminary results of the data assimilation component of the Global-Regional Prediction and Assimilation System (GRAPES) recently developed in China Meteorological Administration (CMA) are presented in this paper. This is a three-dimensional variational (3DVar) assimilation system set up on global and regional grid meshes favorable for direct assimilation of the space-based remote sensing data and matching the frame work of the prediction model GRAPES. The state variables are assumed to decompose balanced and unbalanced components. By introducing a simple transformation from the state variables to the control variables with a recursive or spectral filter, the convergence rate of iteration for minimization of the cost function in 3DVar is greatly accelerated. The definition of dynamical balance depends on the characteristic scale of the circulation considered. The ratio of the balanced to the unbalanced parts is controlled by the prescribed statistics of background errors. Idealized trials produce the same results as the analytic solution. The results of real data case studies show the capability of the system to improve analysis compared to the traditional schemes. Finally, further development of the system is discussed. | XUE JiShan ZHUANG ShiYu ZHU GuoFu ZHANG Hua LIU ZhiQuan LIU Yan ZHUANG ZhaoRong | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，22： | 33 |
| 3 | 基于数码图像土石混合体结构建模及其力学结构效应的数值分析显示文摘基于数码成像原理分析,利用土石混合体中块石与土体颜色属性的巨大差异,提出基于数码图像的土石混合体结构模型自动生成方法,并开发相应程序,以最直接、快捷、准确地反映土石混合体的空间结构。在此基础上,利用有限元数值模拟技术分析土石混合体的力学结构效应,也即在单轴压缩条件下土石混合体的高非均匀与非均质引起其应力场的结构效应非常显著,试样内应力的分布基本受块石的分布与形状控制。研究结果可为工程提供一定的参考。 | 廖秋林 李晓 朱万成 LIU Jishan | 2010 | 岩石力学与工程学报2010，29，1： | 26 |
| 4 | Combined Application of Wide-Field Electromagnetic Method and Flow Field Fitting Method for High-Resolution Exploration: A Case Study of the Anjialing No. 1 Coal Mine显示文摘 | Jishan He | 2018 | Engineering2018，4，5： | 12 |
| 5 | Direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES variational assimilation system显示文摘Variational method is capable of dealing with observations that have a complicated nonlinear relation with model variables representative of the atmospheric state, and so make it possible to directly assimilate such measured variables as satellite radiance, which have a nonlinear relation with the model variables. Assimilation of any type of observations requires a corresponding observation operator, which establishes a specific mapping from the space of the model state to the space of observation. This paper presents in detail how the direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data is implemented in the GRAPES-3DVar analysis system. It focuses on all the components of the observation operator for direct assimilation of real satellite radiance data, including a spatial interpolation operator that transforms variables from model grid points to observation locations, a physical transformation from model variables to observed elements with different choices of model variables, and a data quality control. Assimilation experiments, using satellite radiances such as NOAA17 AMSU-A and AMSU-B (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit), are carried out with two different schemes. The results from these experiments can be physically understood and clearly reflect a rational effect of direct assimilation of satellite radiance data in GRAPES-3DVar analysis system. | ZHU GuoFu XUE JiShan ZHANG Hua LIU ZhiQuan ZHUANG ShiYu HUANG LiPing DONG PeiMing | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，22： | 11 |
| 6 | The program structure designing and optimizing tests of GRAPES physics显示文摘According to the modularization and standardization of program structure in Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES), the plug-compatible and transplantable regional meso-scale and global middle-range physics software package is established. The package's component integrality is comparative with the other advanced models physics. A three-level structure of connecting GRAPES physics and dynamic frame has been constructed. The friendly interface is designed for users to plug in their own physics packages. Phenomenon of grid-point storm rainfall in numerical prediction is analyzed with the numerical tests. The scheme of air vertical velocity calculation is improved. Optimizing tests of physics schemes are performed with the correlative parameters adjusting. The results show that the false grid-point storm rainfall is removed by precipitation scheme improving. Then the score of precipitation forecast is enhanced. | XU GuoQiang CHEN DeHui XUE JiShan SUN Jian SHEN XueShun SHEN YuanFang HUANG LiPing WU XiangJun ZHANG HongLiang WANG ShiYu | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，22： | 11 |
| 7 | Rapid decompression and desorption induced energetic failure in coal显示文摘In this study, laboratory experiments are conducted to investigate the rapid decompression and desorption induced energetic failure in coal using a shock tube apparatus. Coal specimens are recovered from Colorado at a depth of 610 m. The coal specimens are saturated with the strong sorbing gas CO2 for a certain period and then the rupture disc is suddenly broken on top of the shock tube to generate a shock wave propagating upwards and a rarefaction wave propagating downwards through the specimen.This rapid decompression and desorption has the potential to cause energetic fragmentation in coal.Three types of behaviors in coal after rapid decompression are found, i.e. degassing without fragmentation, horizontal fragmentation, and vertical fragmentation. We speculate that the characteristics of fracture network(e.g. aperture, spacing, orientation and stiffness) and gas desorption play a role in this dynamic event as coal can be considered as a dual porosity, dual permeability, dual stiffness sorbing medium. This study has important implications in understanding energetic failure process in underground coal mines such as coal gas outbursts. | Shugang Wang Derek Elsworth Jishan Liu | 2015 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2015，7，3： | 10 |
| 8 | Improvement of the Surface Pressure Operator in GRAPES and Its Application in Precipitation Forecasting in South China显示文摘在这研究,我们调查了涉及在当前的全球、地区性的吸收和预言系统吸收表面压力的问题,葡萄。吸收表面压力的一个新计划被建议,包括一个新插值计划和使清醒的背景协变性。新计划考虑车站举起和模型地形学之间的差别,并且它特别处理在第一模型水平的下面在举起定位的车站。对比实验用原版和新吸收计划被进行。新插值计划和更新的背景协变性的影响被调查。我们的结果证明新插值计划利用了更多的观察并且改进了集体分析的质量。背景协变性用源于帕里什和 Derber 在 1992 建议的技术的统计被使清醒。当吸收表面压力时,实验证明更新的垂直协变性可以在空气的高水平在分析上有积极影响。如果在高水平的背景地的质量是差的,这影响可能是更重要的。一系列吸收实验被执行测试新计划的有效性。相应模拟实验作为起始的条件用两个计划的分析被进行。结果显示新计划导致在华南的海水平压力和降水的更好的预报,特别预报中等并且大雨。 | HUANG Yanyan XUE Jishan WAN Qilin CHEN Zitong DING Weiyu ZHANG Chengzhong | 2013 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2013，30，2： | 10 |
| 9 | A new-generation sand and dust storm forecasting system GRAPES_CUACE/Dust:Model development,verification and numerical simulation显示文摘Based on the new-generation Global/Regional Assimilation and PrEdiction System(GRAPES) developed by the Numerical Prediction Research Center,China Meteorological Administration and the Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment for Dust Atmospheric Chemistry Module(CUACE/Dust) developed by the Centre for Atmosphere Watch and Services(CAWAS) of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(CAMS) ,the China sand and dust storm forecasting system GRAPES /CUACE-Dust model has been established.The latest data of land desertification,optical properties of China sand and dust aerosols,daily soil moisture and snow cover over China main land was introduced in this system.The system showed good performance in mass conservation.The comparisons of real-time prediction outputs with surface observations and aerosol indices derived from TOMS ozone spectrophotometers(TOMS AI) indicate that the model can predict the outbreak,development,transport and depletion processes of sand and dust storms accurately over China and the East Asian region.The system makes real-time quantitative prediction of a series of elements including sand and dust injection from the surface,dry and wet deposition amount,dust concentration and optical depth.We selected 7 major dust storms occurring in April 2006 and analyzed the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of dust emission,dry and wet deposition and atmospheric load in this paper.The results showed that about 225 million tons of dust were emitted into the atmosphere from the deserts over east Asia in that month.The 3 major sand and dust sources were just as the following:The deserts in northern Inner Mongolia and the boundary area around China-Mongolia were the first dust sources with a contribution of 153 million tons accounting for 68%of the total emission.The Taklimakan Desert ranked second and contributed approximately 40 million tons accounting for 17%of the dust emission.The Onqin Daga Sandland emitted about 15 million tons or 7%of the total emission.The contributions from other deserts,sandy lands and abandoned farmlands were about only 8%of the total dust emission.The total deposition over the East Asian region in April 2006 was 136 million tons.The regional distribution of dust deposition showed that the 3 major sources were also the major deposition areas.The deposition amount in the 3 major sources accounted for 78%of the total with about 135 million tons falling back to the source regions.The secondary deposition area was the China mainland downriver,where more than 2 million tons deposited accounting for 16%of the total deposition.The deposition over the region east of 120°E including China off-shore regions,Korean Peninsula,Japan and the West Pacific took only 6%of the total deposition,which was about 850000 tons.The analysis on dry and wet deposition showed that dry deposition dominated in the process,accounting for 94%of the total sand and dust depositions in the period and wet deposition only was around for 6%,since it was generally dry with less rainfall over northern China in April. | WANG Hong GONG ShanLing ZHANG HongLiang CHEN Yong SHEN XueShun CHEN DeHui XUE JiShan SHEN YuanFang WU XiangJun JIN ZhiYan | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，7： | 10 |
| 10 | Projected impacts of climate change on protected birds and nature reserves in China显示文摘Knowledge about climate change impacts on species distribution at national scale is critical to biodiversity conservation and design of management programs.Although China is a biodiversity hot spot in the world,potential influence of climate change on Chinese protected birds is rarely studied. Here, we assess the impact of climate change on 108 protected bird species and nature reserves using species distribution modeling at a relatively fine spatial resolution(1 km) for the first time. We found that a large proportion of protected species would have potential suitable habitat shrink and northward range shift by 77–90 km in response to projected future climate change in 2080. Southeastern China would suffer from losing climate suitability, whereas the climate conditions in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau and northeastern China were projected to become suitable for more protected species. Onaverage, each protected area in China would experience a decline of suitable climate for 3–4 species by 2080. Climate change will modify which species each protected area will be suitable for. Our results showed that the risk of extinction for Chinese protected birds would be high, even in the moderate climate change scenario. These findings indicate that the management and design of nature reserves in China must take climate change into consideration. | Xueyan Li Nicholas Clinton Yali Si Jishan Liao Lu Liang Peng Gong | 2015 | Science Bulletin2015，60，19： | 8 |
| 11 | Molecular Phylogeny Supports the Validity of Polypedates impresus Yang 2008显示文摘The taxonomy of the Asian tree frogs of the Polypedates leucomystax complex, a group of widespread and morphologically similar species, is very controversial. To ascertain the taxonomic status of these species, we investi- gated the historical relationships among representative samples based on ~ 2 kb of nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, tRNAvaline, and 16S rRNA genes. Our phylogeny resolved five well supported lineages(A, B, C, D and E) in the P. leucomystax complex. Polypedates impresus from Yunnan, China, Polypedates cf. mutus and Polypedates cf. megacephalus from Guangxi and Yunnan, China, and Laos constructed Clade C, which is monophyletic. In order to recognize the unique position of this clade, we considered P. impresus in Clade C as a valid species. Following our phylogeny, Chinese Polypedates, corresponding to the other four clades, should include four species: P. mutus(Clade A); P. braueri(Clade B); P. impresus(Clade C) and P. megacephalus(Clade D). P. leucomystax(Clade E) is mainly distributed in the Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines. | Shulin PAN Ningxin DANG Jishan WANG Yitao ZHENG Dingqi RAO Jiatang LI | 2013 | Asian Herpetological Research2013，4，2： | 6 |
| 12 | ORA59 and EIN3 interaction couples jasmonate-ethylene synergistic action to antagonistic salicylic acid regulation of PDF expression显示文摘Hormonal crosstalk is central for tailoring plant responses to the nature of challenges encountered.The role of antagonism between the two major defense hormones,salicylic acid(SA) and jasmonic acid(JA),and modulation of this interplay by ethylene(ET) in favor of JA signaling pathway in plant stress responses is well recognized,but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood.Here,we show the opposing function of two transcription factors,ethylene insensitive3(EIN3) and EIN3-Like1(EIL1),in SA-mediated suppression and JAmediated activation of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2(PDF1.2).This functional duality is mediated via their effect on protein,not transcript levels of the PDF1.2 transcriptional activator octadecanoid-responsive Arabidopsis59(ORA59).Specifically,JA induces ORA59 protein levels independently of EIN3/EIL1,whereas SA reduces the protein levelsdependently of EIN3/EIL1.Co-infiltration assays revealed nuclear co-localization of ORA59 and EIN3,and splitluciferase together with yeast-two-hybrid assays established their physical interaction.The functional ramification of the physical interaction is EIN3-dependent degradation of ORA59 by the 26 S proteasome.These findings allude to SA-responsive reduction of ORA59 levels mediated by EIN3 binding to and targeting of ORA59 for degrada4tion,thus nominating ORA59 pool as a coordination node for the antagonistic function of ET/JA and SA. | Xiang He Jishan Jiang Chang-Quan Wang Katayoon Dehesh | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2017，59，4： | 6 |
| 13 | Advanced cold spray technology:Deposition characteristics and potential applications显示文摘Cold spray technology,originated from the Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Siberian branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,is a rapidly emerging industrial coating technology.Cold sprayed particles with high-velocity impact onto a substrate so as to induce severe plastic deformation and then create a deposit.For its low temperature and high velocity compared with thermal spraying,the cold spraying process is increasingly used in the industries for protective coating.The deposition characteristics of the particles,coating formation and bonding mechanism of the cold spraying process are different from thermal spraying.Many theory investigations of the cold spraying process contribute to the development of the high performance coatings,which makes the cold spraying process as a popular research field.Presently,the deposition characteristics,bonding mechanism,process optimization as well as classical applications of the cold spraying technology in the past are reviewed,and the interesting points for the further development,optimization and applications of this technology are also recommended. | WU XiangKun ZHANG JiShan ZHOU XiangLin CUI Hua LIU JingChun | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，2： | 5 |
| 14 | Controlling effects of differential swelling index on evolution of coal permeability显示文摘Coal permeability measurements are normally conducted under the assumption that gas pressure in the matrix is equalized with that in fracture and that gas sorption-induced swelling/shrinking strain is uniformly distributed within the coal.However,the validity of this assumption has long been questioned and differential strain between the fracture strain and the bulk strain has long been considered as the primary reason for the inconsistency between experimental data and poroelasticity solutions.Although efforts have been made to incorporate the impact into coal permeability models,the fundamental nature of those efforts to split the matrix strain between fracture and coal bulk remains questionable.In this study,a new concept of differential swelling index(DSI)was derived to theoretically define the relation among sorption-induced strains of the coal bulk,fracture,and coal matrix at the equilibrium state.DSI was a function of the equilibrium pressure and its magnitudes were regulated by the Langmuir constants of both the matrix and the coal bulk.Furthermore,a spectrum of DSI-based coal permeability models was developed to explicitly consider the effect of differential strains.These models were verified with the experimental data under the conditions of uniaxial strain,constant confining pressure,and constant effective stress. | Chuanzhong Jiang Zhenfeng Zhao Xiwei Zhang Jishan Liu Derek Elsworth Guanglei Cui | 2020 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2020，12，3： | 5 |
| 15 | Characterization of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the spray-deposited AZ31 magnesium alloy显示文摘The cylindrical billets of a Mg-3Al-1Zn (AZ31) alloy were synthesized by spray deposition processing. The microstruc-ture evolution and mechanical properties of the alloy were investigated. The results reveal that the microstructure of the AZ31 alloy is refined significantly by spray deposition processing. A homogeneous and equiaxial-grain structure with an average grain size of 17 μm is obtained. Further grain refinement with an average grain size of 5 μm is attributed to dynamic recrystallization during extru-sion processing. The great increase in the density of grain boundary nucleation sites by the finer initial grain sizes makes the disloca-tion pile-ups near subgrain boundaries being absorbed easily by the boundaries, resulting in an accelerated recrystallization process. The average tensile ultimate and yield strengths of the extruded rods are 321 MPa and 237 MPa, respectively, with an elongation of 15.2% at room temperature, which are remarkably higher than those of the conventional as-cast AZ31 alloy. | Yongbing Li Jinfeng Huang Hua Cui kai Tao Kui Zhang Jishan Zhang | 2008 | Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing2008，15，6： | 4 |
| 16 | Genetic analysis of fertility restoring genes for AL-type male sterility in wheat显示文摘In order to screen molecular markers linked to fertility restoring genes and further improve the breeding efficiency of restorer lines,in this study,wheat varieties 18A,18B and 99AR144-1 were used as experimental materials to establish F2 fertility-segregating population. Plant quantitative trait'major gene + polygene mixed model'separation analysis method and simple sequence repeat(SSR) molecular markers were adopted for genetic analysis of four generations,including the parents(P1 and P2),and hybrid(Fl and F2) populations. The results show that AL-type fertility restoring gene is controlled by two pairs of additive-dominant-epistatic genes and additive-dominant polygene;two primers linked to fertility restoring genes were selected by SSR molecular markers, including Xgwm95 on chromosome 2A and Barc61 on chromosome 1B,with the linkage distance of 15.0 cM and 18.0 cM,respectively. Based on verification,these two markers are reliable for distinguishing AL-type wheat sterile lines and restorer lines. | Liu Xiaofang Tian Xiaoming Nie Yingbin Mu Peiyuan Han Xinnian Sang Wei Cui Fengjuan Xu Hongjun Xiang Jishan | 2013 | Engineering Sciences2013，11，5： | 4 |
| 17 | Bulk nanocrystalline Al prepared by cryomilling显示文摘Bulk nanocrystalline Al was fabricated by mechanically milling at cryogenic temperature (cryomilling) and then by hot pressing in vacuum. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the microstructure evolution of the material during cryomilling and consolidation was investigated. With increasing the mill- ing time, the grain size decreased sharply and reduced to 42 nm when cryomilled for 12 h. The grains had grown up, and the colum- nar grain was formed under the hot pressing and extrusion compared with the cryomilled powders. The grain size of as-extruded specimen was approximately 300-500 nm. The reason of high thermal stability of this bulk was attributed primarily to the Zener pin- ning from the grain boundary of the AlN arising from cryomilling and the solute drag of the impurity. Tensile tests show that the strength of nanocrystalline Al is enhanced with decreasing grain size. The ultimate tensile strength and tensile elongation were 173 MPa and 17.5%, respectively. It appears that the measured high strength in the cryomilled Al is related to a grain-size effect, disper- sion strengthening, and dislocation strengthening. | Junsheng Cheng Hua Cui Hanbin Chen Bin Yang Jianzhong Fan Jishan Zhang | 2007 | Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing2007，14，6： | 3 |
| 18 | Thermal stability of nanostructured NiCrC coating prepared by HVAF spraying of cryomilled powders显示文摘Thermal stability of nanostructured NiCrC coating prepared by high velocity air-fuel (HVAF) spraying of cryomilled feedstock powders was investigated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were utilized for characteristic analysis. Recrystallization and normal grain growth occur when isothermal treatment is performed at 923 K (0.55 TM) for up to 100 h, and the average grain size increases from initial 41 nm for as-deposited state to around 100 nm for nearly equilibrium state. Iso-chronal treatment at 823 K and 1023 K was also conducted for comparison. Accordingly, for 0.49 to 0.61 T/TM, the time exponent n deduced from D 1/n-D 1/n 0= ktincreases from 0.15 to 0.30. The observed high thermal stability is attributed primarily to a Zener pinning mechanism arising from the fine Cr2O3 dispersions and the solute drag effect as well. | CUI Hua TAO Kai ZHOU Xianglin ZHANG Jishan | 2008 | Rare Metals2008，27，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Effect of Ti/B Additions on the Formation of Al_3 Ti of in situ TiB_2/Al Composites显示文摘ParticulatereinforcedMetalMatrixComposites(MMCs)showgreatpotentialforstrUctUralmaterialsduetotheirpromisingspecificstrengthandmodlllus.AmongthenumeroustechnologiesproducingparticulatereinforcedMMCs,thoseallowinginsituproductionofthereinforcementoffer... | Bin Yang Jishan Zhang Xianjin Duan Shuangchun Hu(State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and ’Techno1ogy Beijing, Beding 100083, China) | 1999 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials1999，13，4： | 3 |
| 20 | The effect of the fracture distribution on CO_2 injection into a coal seam显示文摘The effect of the fracture distribution on CO 2 injection into coal seams was studied with a heterogeneous model having dual porosity to represent both the primary medium (the coal matrix) and the secondary medium (the fractures) under variable stress conditions. A numerical generation method and a digital image processing method were used to model the heterogeneous fracture distribution in the coal. The model solutions demonstrate that: (1) the fractures are the main channel for gas flow and their distribution has an important impact on the gas injection rate; (2) the fractures only affect the injection rate of CO 2 into the coal but not the final storage amount; (3) when gas is injected into coal the fractures will first expand and then close due to the changing effective stresses and the adsorption induced swelling of coal grains. This fully coupled dual-porosity model with a heterogeneous fracture distribution provides a way to predict the CO 2 injection into a coal seam. | Yao Banghua Wu Yu Liu Jishan | 2012 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2012，22，1： | 3 |
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