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| 1 | Two decades of variable retention in British Columbia: a review of its implementation and effectiveness for biodiversity conservation显示文摘Stand-level retention is an important component of sustainable forest management which aims to balance ecological,social and economic objectives.Long-term retention of mature forest structures at the time of harvesting(variable retention)is intended to produce future forest stands that more closely resemble conditions that develop after natural disturbances,thereby maintaining greater diversity of habitats for a variety of organisms.Structure includes features such as live and dead trees representing multiple canopy layers,undisturbed understory vegetation and coarse woody debris.Over the past two decades,variable retention has become common on forest lands in the temperate rainforests of coastal British Columbia(BC)and has been applied to a lesser extent in inland forest types.Our review of studies in BC and in similar forest types in our region indicates that both aggregated and dispersed retention can contribute to biodiversity conservation by providing short-term‘life-boating’habitat for some species and by enhancing the structural characteristics of future stands.For example,greater abundance of species present in the pre-harvest forest have been documented for vegetation,birds,carabid beetles,gastropods,ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna in retention cutblocks compared to clearcuts.There are,however,some negative consequences for timber production such as wind damage to retained trees and reduced growth rates of tree regeneration compared to clearcuts.The authors suggest an adaptive management approach for balancing competing objectives when faced with uncertainty.This includes monitoring the implementation and effectiveness of various strategies for achieving goals.Over two decades of experience applying variable retention harvesting to industrial-scale management of forest lands in BC suggests that it is possible to balance production of wood with biodiversity conservation. | William J.Beese John Deal B.Glen Dunsworth Stephen J.Mitchell Timothy J.Philpott | 2019 | Ecological Processes2019，8，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Quality indicators for colonoscopy显示文摘 | Douglas K. Rex John L. Petrini Todd H. Baron Amitabh Chak Jonathan Cohen Stephen E. Deal Brenda Hoffman Brian C. Jacobson Klaus Mergener Bret T. Petersen Michael A. Safdi Douglas O. Faigel Irving M. Pike | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，4： | 4 |
| 3 | Quality indicators for colonoscopy显示文摘 | Douglas K. Rex John L. Petrini Todd H. Baron Amitabh Chak Jonathan Cohen Stephen E. Deal Brenda Hoffman Brian C. Jacobson Klaus Mergener Bret T. Petersen Michael A. Safdi Douglas O. Faigel Irving M. Pike | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，4： | 2 |
| 4 | Quality indicators for endoscopic ultrasonography显示文摘 | Brian C. Jacobson Amitabh Chak Brenda Hoffman Todd H. Baron Jonathan Cohen Stephen E. Deal Klaus Mergener Bret T. Petersen John L. Petrini Michael A. Safdi Douglas O. Faigel Irving M. Pike | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Cardiac Resuscitation After Incremental Overdosage with Lidocaine, Bupivacaine, Levobupivacaine, and Ropivacaine in Anesthetized Dogs显示文摘 | Leanne Groban Dwight D. Deal Jason C. Vernon Robert L. James John Butterworth | 2001 | Anesthesia and Analgesia2001，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Quality indicators for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography显示文摘 | Todd H. Baron Bret T. Petersen Klaus Mergener Amitabh Chak Jonathan Cohen Stephen E. Deal Brenda Hoffman Brian C. Jacobson John L. Petrini Michael A. Safdi Douglas O. Faigel Irving M. Pike | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Quality indicators for colonoscopy显示文摘 | Douglas K. Rex John L. Petrini Todd H. Baron Amitabh Chak Jonathan Cohen Stephen E. Deal Brenda Hoffman Brian C. Jacobson Klaus Mergener Bret T. Petersen Michael A. Safdi Douglas O. Faigel Irving M. Pike | 2006 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2006，，4： | 1 |
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