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| 1 | Blood glucose response after oral intake of lactulose in healthy volunteers:A randomized,controlled,cross-over study显示文摘AIM To investigate possible changes of blood glucose levels after oral intake of lactulose in healthy subjects.METHODS The study was performed as prospective, randomized, two-part study with 4-way cross-over design with n = 12 in each study arm. Capillary blood glucose levels were determined over a time period of 180 min after intake of a single dose of 10 g or 20 g lactulose provided as crystal or liquid formulation. During the manufacturing process of lactulose, impurities with sugars(e.g., lactose, fructose, galactose) occur. Water and 20 g glucose were used as control and reference. Because lactulose is used as a functional food ingredient, it may also be consumed by people with impaired glucose tolerance, including diabetics. Therefore, it is of interest to determine whether the described carbohydrate impurities may increase blood glucose levels after ingestion. RESULTS The blood glucose concentration-time curves after intake of 10 g lactulose, 20 g lactulose, and water were almost identical. None of the three applications showed any changes in blood glucose levels. After intake of 20 g glucose, blood glucose concentration increased by approximately 3 mmol/L(mean Cmax = 8.3 mmol/L), reaching maximum levels after approximately 30 min and returning to baseline within approximately 90 min, which was significantly different to the corresponding 20 g lactulose formulations(P < 0.0001). Comparing the two lactulose formulations, crystals and liquid, in the dosage of 10 g and 20 g, there was no difference in the blood glucose profile and calculated pharmacokinetic parameters despite the different amounts of carbohydrate impurities(1.5% for crystals and 26.45% for liquid). Anyhow, the absolute amount of single sugars was low with 0.3 g in crystals and 5.29 g in liquid formulation in the 20 g dosages. Lactulose was well tolerated by most volunteers, and only some reported mild to moderate mainly gastrointestinal side effects. CONCLUSION The unchanged blood glucose levels after lactulose intake in healthy subjects suggest its safe use in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. | Jasmin Steudle Christiane Schon Manfred Wargenau Lioba Pauly Susann Schwejda-Güttes Barbara Gaigg Angelika Kuchinka-Koch John F Stover | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2018，9，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Contemporary view on neuromonitoring following severe traumatic brain injury显示文摘Evolving brain damage following traumatic brain injury(TBI) is strongly influenced by complex pathophysiologic cascades including local as well as systemic influences. To successfully prevent secondary progression of the primary damage we must actively search and identify secondary insults e.g. hypoxia, hypotension, uncontrolled hyperventilation, anemia, and hypoglycemia, which are known to aggravate existing brain damage. For this, we must rely on specific cerebral monitoring. Only then can we unmask changes which otherwise would remain hidden, and prevent adequate intensive care treatment. Apart from intracranial pressure(ICP) and calculated cerebral perfusion pressure(CPP), extended neuromonitoring(Sjv O2, pti O2, microdialysis, transcranial Doppler sonography, electrocorticography) also allows us to define individual pathologic ICP and CPP levels. This, in turn, will support our therapeutic decision-making and also allow a more individualized and flexible treatment concept for each patient. For this, however, we need to learn to integrate several dimensions with their own possible treatment options into a complete picture. The present review summarizes the current understanding of extended neuromonitoring to guide therapeutic interventions with the aim of improving intensive care treatment following severe TBI, which is the basis for ameliorated outcome. | John F Stover | 2012 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2012，1，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Resource Allocation Within HIV/AIDS Programs显示文摘 | John Stover Lori Bollinger | | State of the0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Blood glucose response after oral lactulose intake in type 2 diabetic individuals显示文摘BACKGROUND Lactulose is approved for the symptomatic treatment of constipation,a gastrointestinal(GI)complication common in individuals with diabetes.Lactulose products contain carbohydrate impurities(e.g.,lactose,fructose,galactose),which occur during the lactulose manufacturing process.These impurities may affect the blood glucose levels of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using lactulose for the treatment of mild constipation.A previous study in healthy subjects revealed no increase in blood glucose levels after oral lactulose intake.However,it is still unclear whether the intake of lactulose increases blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes.AIM To evaluate the blood glucose profile after oral lactulose intake in mildly constipated,non-insulin-dependent subjects with T2DM in an outpatient setting.METHODS This prospective,double-blind,randomized,controlled,single-center trial was conducted at the Clinical Research Center at the Medical University of Graz,Austria,in 24 adult Caucasian mildly constipated,non-insulin-dependent subjects with T2DM.Eligible subjects were randomized and assigned to one of six treatment sequences,each consisting of four treatments stratified by sex using an incomplete block design.Subjects received a single dose of 20 g or 30 g lactulose(crystal and liquid formulation),water as negative control or 30 g glucose as positive control.Capillary blood glucose concentrations were measured over a period of 180 min post dose.The primary endpoint was the baseline-corrected area under the curve of blood glucose concentrations over the complete assessment period[AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))].Quantitative comparisons were performed for both lactulose doses and formulations vs water for the equal lactulose dose vs glucose,as well as for liquid lactulose vs crystal lactulose.Safety parameters included GI tolerability,which was assessed at 180 min and 24 h post dose,and adverse events occurring up to 24 h post dose.In 24 randomized and analyzed subjects blood glucose concentration-time curves after intake of 20 g and 30 g lactulose were almost identical to those after water intake for both lactulose formulations despite the different amounts of carbohydrate impurities(≤3.0%for crystals and approx.30%for liquid).The primary endpoint[AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))]was not significantly different between lactulose and water regardless of lactulose dose and formulation.Also with regard to all secondary endpoints lactulose formulations showed comparable results to water with one exception concerning maximum glucose level.A minor increase in maximum blood glucose was observed after the 30 g dose,liquid lactulose,in comparison to water with a mean treatment difference of 0.63 mmol/L(95%confidence intervals:0.19,1.07).Intake of 30 g glucose significantly increased all blood glucose endpoints vs 30 g liquid and crystal lactulose,respectively(all P<0.0001).No differences in blood glucose response were observed between the different lactulose formulations.As expected,lactulose increased the number of bowel movements and was generally well tolerated.Subjects experienced only mild to moderate GI symptoms due to the laxative action of lactulose.CONCLUSION Blood glucose AUC_(baseline_c(0-180 min))levels in mildly constipated,non-insulin dependent subjects with T2DM are not affected by the carbohydrate impurities contained in 20 g and 30 g crystal or liquid lactulose formulations. | Thomas R Pieber Eva Svehlikova Ines Mursic Tamara Esterl Manfred Wargenau Tina Sartorius Lioba Pauly Susann Schwejda-Guettes Annalena Neumann Valentin Faerber John Friedrich Stover Barbara Gaigg Angelika Kuchinka-Koch | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，6： | 1 |
| 5 | The past,present and future of I-IIV,AIDS and resource allocation显示文摘 | Steven Forsythe John Stover Lori Bollinger | 2009 | BMC Public Health2009，9，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Projecting the demographic consequences of adult HIV prevalence trends: the spectrum projection package 显示文摘 | John Stover | 2004 | Sexually transmitted infections2004，80，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Can we reverse the HIV/AIDS pandemic with an expanded response? 显示文摘 | Stover John Neff walker Geoff P Garnett | 2002 | The Lancet2002，36，： | 1 |
| 8 | 星球大战前传显示文摘尽管各种武器发射平台已经在地球轨道上运行了几十年.但还没有一种实用的太空武器被开发出来。这种情况很快就要被改变了,也许,一场太空中的军备竞赛即将开始。 | DAWN STOVER JOHN M NEILL(图) | 2006 | 科技新时代2006，，2： | 0 |
| 9 | 盖房就像搭积木显示文摘建筑师肯特·拉尔森有一个激进的想法:用制造电脑的方法建造房屋。如果他的这个想法能够成为现实,那么整个建筑工业将发生彻底的改变。下面,我们就一起走进“开放标准架构建筑”的时代。 | DAWN STOVER JOHN B.CARNETT(图) | 2007 | 科技新时代(上半月)2007，，1： | 0 |
| 10 | Compliance and Tolerance of a New High Protein and High Energy Oral Nutritional Supplement in Older Adults显示文摘Background and objectives Volume,caloric density,and timing of administration influence compliance to oral nutritional supplements(ONS).The provision of high energy,high protein and low volume ONS may allow easy achievement of intakes considered effective in improving nutritional status.We report the evaluation of a new low volume,energy dense ONS in older adults.Methods and study design Two open-label studies,each including 20 older adults(75±4 and 76±5 years)in residential homes.Participants received one bottle(125 ml,400 kcal,20 g protein)of the new ONS daily,either as a single or multiple dose(3×40 ml/~400 kcal)for 7 days.Main outcome was gastrointestinal(GI)tolerance;additional parameters of interest were palatability and compliance(ratio of consumed vs.prescribed volume).Data were evaluated descriptively.Results All participants completed the studies and reported good tolerance.GI symptoms were comparable before first and after last ingestion,55%and 65%(single and multiple dose regimens)did not report any GI symptoms.Participants consumed 96%and 94%of the prescribed volume,respectively.Taste,smell and appearance were rated as“good”or“excellent”on both days of recording(day 1 and day 7)by 75-90%of the participants in both studies.Conclusions A high energy,high protein ONS delivered in a small volume was well tolerated and accepted in older adults,with excellent compliance,independent of the delivery as single or multiple doses.Thus,this new ONS represents a clinically valuable option for high compliance to nutritional therapy. | Cornelius Koch Annika Dax Andre Warnke Lioba Pauly Stephanie Reichart Katharina S.Kuhn Ericka A Pestana John F Stover Konstantin Lekkos | 2018 | Journal of Nutritional Oncology2018，3，3： | 0 |
| 11 | Beneficial horticultural responses from the application of solar thermotherapy to mature Huanglongbing-affected citrus trees显示文摘The detrimental effects of Huanglongbing(HLB)on citrus are well known and so is the need for effective methods to combat this disease.Solar thermotherapy(ST),one of the management methods to help alleviate some of the negative effects of HLB,is the process of heating trees to therapeutic temperatures by encompassing the tree within a plastic structure(Visqueen)to harness the sun’s natural energy.ST was applied to mature‘Valencia’citrus trees in three locations.Tree vigor,yield,and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(Las)titer in leaves were monitored for two consecutive seasons post ST treatment,while fruit and juice quality were evaluated at the end of the second season.ST promoted an increase in canopy density in most groves tested and did not have a significant effect on fruit quantity,despite the prolonged exposure of the trees to increased temperatures.Moreover,Las titer was reduced in both leaves and juice processed from affected trees post ST.With respect to fruit quality,the ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity was higher post ST compared to controls as was the sucrose content of the juice in most treated groves,whereas limonin was higher in juice from control trees.Principal components analysis of aroma volatiles showed significant differences between juice from treated versus control trees with volatiles imparting top-note and freshness to orange juice,such as acetaldehyde,hexanal,Z-3-hexenol and linalool,being higher in juice fromtreated trees.Taste panels confirmed that flavor differences existed,ultimately showing that ST resulted in improved juice flavor in well-managed groves.Although the effects of ST on the trees appear temporary,such outcomes emphasize its utility when used as part of an integrated management strategy for HLB-affected citrus,imparting beneficial horticultural responses with minimal to positive effects on subsequent juice flavor. | Cheryl M.Armstrong Melissa S.Doud Weiqi Luo Smita Raithore Elizabeth A.Baldwin Wei Zhao Anne Plotto Jinhe Bai John A.Manthey Ed Stover Yongping Duan | 2021 | Horticultural Plant Journal2021，7，5： | 0 |
| 12 | 所有的疾病都能治愈吗?显示文摘这是一个奢侈的愿望,但科学家正在努力寻找对付这些困扰我们的疑难杂症的方法。一些科学家正着眼未来,试图让人体得以超越自然的极限;与此同时。另一些科学家则在与长久以来一直折磨着我们的病痛进行着艰苦的斗争。在这里,你将看到针对7种顽疾的最新研究进展,以及有可能最终战胜它们的灵丹妙药。 | DAWN STOVER JOHN B.CARNET(图) | 2005 | 科技新时代2005，，10： | 0 |
| 13 | 硫喷妥钠引起的淋巴细胞凋亡不依赖CD95的激活显示文摘背景:当脑外伤病人颅内压升高对其他治疗措施反应不佳时,常常应用巴比妥酸盐.然而,巴比妥酸盐介导的神经保护作用可能会导致淋巴细胞减少,使发生感染的危险性增加.巴比妥酸盐引起淋巴细胞减少的机制还不清楚. | Marius Keel Ladislav Mica John Stover Reto Stocker Otmar Trentz Luc Ha(?)rter 钟敏 | 2005 | 国外医学(麻醉学与复苏分册)2005，26，5： | 0 |
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