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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 2 | Complement factor H polymorphism in age-related macular degeneration显示文摘 | Klein R J Zeiss C Chew E Y Tsai J Y Sackler R S Haynes C | 2005 | Science2005，308，： | 1 |
| 3 | Open Circuit Voltage Improvement of High Deposition Rate Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells by Hot Wire Interface Layers 显示文摘 | Mai Y Klein S Carius R | 2005 | Appl Phys Lett2005，87，07： | 1 |
| 4 | Inhibition of Wnt signaling by Wise (Sostdcl) and negative feedback from Shh controls tooth num- ber and patterning显示文摘 | Ahn Y Sanderson BW Klein OD | 2010 | Development2010，137，19： | 1 |
| 5 | Spectroscopic ellipsometry study of the diluted magnetic semiconductor system Zn(Mn,Fe, Co)Se 显示文摘 | Kim Y D Cooper S L Klein M V | 1994 | Phys Rev B1994，49，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Automatic retrieval of frequent idiomatic and collocational expressions in a large corpus显示文摘 | Y Choueka S T Klein E Neuwitz | 1983 | Journal of the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing1983，4，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Pancreatic duct injury:intraoperative endoscopic transpancreatic drainage of parapancreatic abscess 显示文摘 | Suissa A Klein Y | 1998 | J Trauma1998，44，： | 1 |
| 8 | The possible role of the kynurenine pathway in adolescent depression with melancholic features显示文摘 | Vilma Gabbay Rachel G Klein Y Katz | 2010 | Child Psychology Psychiatry2010，51，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Recognition of screen-rendered text显示文摘 | Wachenfeld S Klein H U Jiang X Y | 2006 | Pattern Recognit2006，2，： | 1 |
| 10 | Is a hands free phone safer than a handheld phone 显示文摘 | Ishigami Y Klein R M | 2009 | Journal of Safety Research2009，，40： | 1 |
| 11 | Interleukin-6 in human multiple myeloma显示文摘 | Klein B Zhang X G Lu Z Y | 1995 | Blood1995，85，4： | 1 |
| 12 | 显示文摘 | Prevel M Lemonnier S Klein Y | 2005 | J Appl Phys2005，98，09： | 1 |
| 13 | Current and voltage distributions in a tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)显示文摘 | KLEIN J M BULTEL Y PONS M | 2008 | J Appl Electrochem2008，38，： | 1 |
| 14 | Successful resuscitation after ropivacaine-induced ventricular fibrillation显示文摘 | Klein SM Pierce T Rubin Y | 2003 | Anesth Analg2003，97，： | 1 |
| 15 | Management of patients with traumatic intracranial injury in hospitals without neurosurgical service显示文摘 | Klein Y Donchik V Jaffe I) | 2010 | J Trauma2010，69，54： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of cooling rate during casting on performance of metal hydride electrodes and nickel-metal hydride batteries显示文摘 | Zhang L Y Michael Klein Bob Czajkowski | 1999 | Alloys Compd1999，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells rescue photoreceptor cells in the dystrophic retina of the rhodopsin knockout mouse显示文摘 | Arnhold S Absenger Y Klein H | 2006 | Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol2006，8，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Outer pore topology of the ECaC-TRPV5 channel by cysteine scan mutagenesis显示文摘 | Dodier Y Banderali U Klein H | 2004 | J Biol Chem2004，279，8： | 1 |
| 19 | The possible role of the kynurenine pathway in adolescent depression with melancholic features显示文摘 | Gabbay V Klein RG Katz Y | 2010 | J Child Psychol Psychiatry2010，51，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Strategic state-level environmental policy with asymmetric pollution spillovers显示文摘 | Santore R Robison H Klein Y | 2001 | Journal of Public Economics2001，80，： | 1 |
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