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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 2 | Complete response to radiation therapy of orbital metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is increasing in the United States,and 50%-75%o patients with HCC will develop metastatic disease Orbital metastases from HCC are extremely rare.We report the case of a 52-year-old male with known metastatic HCC,who presented with severe proptosis and diplopia.An orbital mass was identified on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and confirmed to have hypermetabolic activity on positron emission tomography/computed tomography.He received a palliative course of external beam radiation therapy to the right orbit.Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)was used to allow sparing of critical norma tissues in close proximity to the tumor.One month after completion of IMRT to 58 Gray in 30 fractions delivered over 6 wk,the patient had a complete clinical,radiologic(MRI)and symptomatic response The patient continues to have local control in the orbi 1.7 years after therapy completion.All critical norma structures were kept below the tolerance dose using IMRT,and no toxicities were observed. | Allison M Quick Mark Bloomston Edward Y Kim Nathan C Hall Nina A Mayr | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，47： | 1 |
| 3 | The gennme of the mesopolyploid crop species Brassica rapa 显示文摘 | Wang X Wang H Wang J Sun R Wu J Liu S Bai Y Mun JH Bancroft I Cheng F Huang S Li X Hua W Wang J Wang X Freeling M Pires JC Paterson AH Chalhoub B Wang B Hayward A Sharpe AG Park BS Weisshaar B Liu B Li B Liu B Tong C Song C Duran C Peng C Geng C Koh C Lin C Edwards D Mu D Shen D Soumpourou E Li F Fraser F Conant G Lassalle G King G J Bonnema G Tang H Wang H Belcram H Zhou H Hirakawa H Abe I-I Guo H Wang H Jin H Parkin IA Batley J Kim JS Just J l i J Xu J Deng J Kim JA Li J Yu J Meng J Wang J Min J Poulain J Wang J Hatakeyama K Wu K Wang L Fang L Trick M Links MG Zhao M Jin M Ramchiary N Drou N Berkman PJ Cai Q Huang Q Li R Tabata S Cheng S Zhang S Zhang S Huang S Sato S Sun S Kwon SJ Choi SR Lee TH Fan W Zhao X Tan X Xu X Wang Y Qiu Y Yin Y l i Y Du Y Liao Y Lira Y Narusaka Y Wang Y Wang Z Li Z Wang Z Xiong Z Zhang Z Brassica rapa Genome Sequencing Project Consortium | 2011 | Nature Genetics2011，43，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Effects of commonlyused homeostatic agents on the porcine collecting system显示文摘 | Kim I Y Eichel L Edwards R | 2007 | JEndourol2007，21，6： | 1 |
| 5 | The Brassica oleracea genome reveals the asymmetrical evolution of polyploid genomes 显示文摘 | Liu S Liu Y Yang X Tong C Edwards D Parkin I A P Zhao M Ma J Yu J Huang S Wang X Wang J Lu K Fang Z Bancroft I Yang T J Hu Q Wang X Yue Z Li H Yang L Wu J Zhou Q Wang W King G J Chris Pires J Lu C Wu Z Sampath P Wang Z Guo H Pan S Yang L Min J Zhang D Jin D Li W Belcram H Tu J Guan M Qi C Du D Li J Jiang L Batley J Sharpe A G Park B S Ruperao P Cheng F Espinosa Waminal N Huang Y Dong C Wang L Li J Hu Z Zhuang M Huang Y Huang J Shi J Mei D Liu J Lee T Wang J Jin H Li Z Li X Zhang J Xiao L Zhou Y Liu Z Liu X Qin R Tang X Liu W Wang Y Zhang Y Lee J Kim H H Denoeud F Xu X Liang X Hua W Wang X Wang J Chalhoub B Paterson A H | 2014 | Nature Communications2014，5，： | 1 |
| 6 | Pivotal role of the glycine-rich TM3 helix in gating the MscS mechanosensitive channel显示文摘 | Edwards M D Li Y Kim S | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Clusterin inhibits apoptosis by interacting with activated Bax 显示文摘 | Zhang H Kim J K Edwards C A Xu Z Taichman R Wang C Y | 2005 | Nat Cell Biol2005，7，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of commonly used hemostatic agents on the porcine collecting system显示文摘 | Kim I Y Eichel L Edwards R Uribe C Chou D S Abdelshehid C | 2007 | J Endourol2007，21，： | 1 |
| 9 | Crystal structure of Thermotoga maritima 0065, a member of the IclR transcriptional factor family 显示文摘 | Zhang R G Kim Y Skarina T Beasley S Laskowski R Arrowsmith C Edwards A Joachimiak A Savchenko A | 2002 | Journal of Biolical Chemistry2002，277，19： | 1 |
| 10 | Social Comparison and Distributive Justice:East Asia Differences 显示文摘 | Kim T Y Edwards J R Shapiro D L | 2014 | Journal of Business Ethics2014，，8： | 1 |
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