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| 1 | The Electric Field Detector (EFD) onboard the ZH-1 satellite and firstobservational results显示文摘Previous studies have reported that, before or after occurrences of strong earthquakes, some low earth orbit satellites recorded ionospheric disturbances, including electromagnetic emissions and plasma fluctuations over the epicenter region or its conjugate point.Theoretically speaking, due to some electromagnetic coupling effect, electromagnetic emissions from the earthquake preparation zone could propagate from the lithosphere to the atmosphere, and could reach the ionosphere, even up to the inner magnetosphere. This paper introduces the electric field detector(EFD) onboard the ZhangHeng-1 satellite(ZH-1). The EFD is designed to measure electric field fluctuations within the broad frequency range of DC to 3.5 MHz, divided into 4 channels: ULF(DC–16 Hz), ELF(6 Hz–2.2 kHz), VLF(1.8 kHz–20 kHz) and HF(18 kHz–3.5 MHz). The sampling rates of the channels are 125 Hz, 5 kHz, 50 kHz and 10 MHz, respectively. The EFD includes4 spherical probes mounted on a over 4.5 m boom and an electronic box inside the satellite module. The resolution of the EFD is 1μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 at frequencies from DC to 16 Hz, and the sensitivity is 0.1 μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 at frequencies from 6 Hz to 2.2 kHz, 0.05 μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 in the band 1.8 kHz to 20 kHz, and 0.1μV·m-1·Hz-1/2 from 20 kHz to 3.5 MHz. The dynamic range from DC to 20 kHz is over 120 dB, and over96 dB from 20 kHz to 3.5 MHz. The EFD has two observation modes: survey mode and burst mode. The survey mode concentrates primarily on electric field power density values; the burst mode provides high sampling rate waveform data. The detailed configuration of the EFD onboard the ZH-1 is also introduced in this paper. During the six months' orbit test phase, the EFD recorded a number of natural electromagnetic emissions. Preliminary analysis of these data suggests that the EFD performs well onboard the ZH-1 and is meeting the requirements of the scientific objectives of ZH-1. | JianPing Huang JunGang Lei ShiXun Li ZhiMa Zeren Cheng Li XingHong Zhu WeiHao Yu | 2018 | Earth and Planetary Physics2018，2，6： | 8 |
| 2 | A lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling model for ELF electromagnetic waves radiated from seismic sources and its possibility observed by the CSES显示文摘Over the last century, abnormal electromagnetic(EM) emissions associated with earthquake(EQ) activities have been widely reported and recorded by ground-based and satellite observations. The mechanism of extremely low-frequency(ELF) EM waves radiated from earthquakes has been gradually established. However, whether EM waves radiated from earthquakes can be detected by low Earth orbit(LEO) satellites remains controversial. In this paper, to address these concerns, a lithosphereatmosphere-ionosphere model of ELF wave propagation is constructed. The features of the simulated EM field at LEO satellite altitudes radiated from earthquakes have been studied. The simulated EM field at the altitude of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) is compared with the sensitivity of electromagnetic(EM) sensors onboard the CSES. The results illustrate that an earthquake with a magnitude over 6.0 can be detected by the EM sensors of the CSES. However, this depends on the focal depth, seismogenic environment and ionospheric parameters. | ZHAO ShuFan SHEN XuHui LIAO Li ZEREN ZhiMa | 2021 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2021，64，11： | 4 |
| 3 | Cross-calibration on the electromagnetic field detection payloads of the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite显示文摘The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)deploys three payloads to detect the electromagnetic environment in the ionosphere.The tri-axial fluxgate magnetometers(FGM),as part of the high precision magnetometer(HPM),measures the Earth magnetic vector field in a frequency range from direct current(DC)to 15 Hz.The tri-axial search coil magnetometer(SCM)detects the alternating current(AC)related magnetic field in a frequency range from several Hz to 20 k Hz,and the electric field detector(EFD)measures the spatial electric field in a broad frequency band from DC to 3.5 MHz.This work mainly crosscalibrates the consistency of these three payloads in their overlapped detection frequency range and firstly evaluates CSES’s timing system and the sampling time differences between EFD and SCM.A sampling time synchronization method for EFD and SCM waveform data is put forward.The consistency between FGM and SCM in the ultra-low-frequency(ULF)range is validated by using the magnetic torque(MT)signal as a reference.A natural quasiperiodic electromagnetic wave event verifies SCM and EFD’s consistency in extremely low-frequency and very low-frequency(ELF/VLF)bands.This cross-calibration work is helpful to upgrade the data quality of CSES and brings valuable insights to similar electromagnetic detection solutions by low earth orbit satellites. | ZHIMA Zeren ZHOU Bin ZHAO ShuFan WANG Qiao HUANG JianPing ZENG Li LEI JunGang CHEN Yu LI Cheng YANG DeHe SUN XiaoYing MIAO YuanQing ZHU XingHong SHEN XuHui | 2022 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2022，65，6： | 3 |
| 4 | 电磁监测试验卫星及其初步成果显示文摘As the first satellite of the China national geophysical field observation series of stllite missions,the China Seismo--Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES)was designed upon an optimized CAST2000 platform for a sun synchronous orbit.Onboard CSES,there are total eight types of scientific payloads including the Search-coil Magnetometer,Electric Field Detector,High Precision Magnetometer,GNSS Occupation Receiver,Plasma Analyzer,Langmuir Probe,Energetic Particle Detector Package,and a Three-band Transmitter to individually acquire the global eletromagnetic field,elec-tromagnetic waves,ionospheric plasma parameters as well as energetic particles.Up to now,CSES has been operating normally in orbit for 2 years.By using the various sensor data acquired by CSES,we have achieved scientfic research in the areas of the global geomagnetic field modeling,space weather,earthquake event analysis,the Lithosphere-Atmo-sphere-lonosphere coupling mechanism and so on.. | SHEN Xuhui ZEREN Zhima YUAN Shigeng DAI Jianping HUANG Jianping ZHU Xinghong YANG Yanyan YAN Rui ZHAO Shufan LIU Dapeng ZHANG Zhenxia WANG Qiao CHU Wei LU Hengxin XU Song GUO Feng TAN Qiao LI Wenjing ZHOU Na | 2020 | Aerospace China2020，21，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Optimizing the Aspect Ratio of Cephalexin in Reactive Crystallization by Controlling Supersaturation and Seeding Policy显示文摘Batch crystallization in acidic aqueous solution of cephalexin was conducted by reactive crystallization with or without seeding. Supersaturation was generated by mixing ammonia and acidic aqueous solution of cephalexin and controlled by solution feeding rate and seeding conditions. UV and Morphologi G3 were used to measure supersaturation and aspect ratio. Experimental results demonstrated that burst nucleation occurred and the products were needle-like at high supersaturation;meanwhile, the products were plate-like and had high aspect ratio at low supersaturation. Analysis of the measured supersaturation profi les and corresponding aspect ratio explained the mechanisms governing the aspect ratio. The optimized operating parameters were also proposed (seeding supersaturation is equal to 1.3, seed mass ratio 8% and feeding rate 368 μL/min). | Mingchen Li Zeren Shang Baohong Hou | 2019 | Transactions of Tianjin University2019，25，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Design of monochromatic X ray imager with a pinhole and a logarithmic spiral Bragg mirror for Z-pinch diagnoses显示文摘 | Yang Qingguo Li Zeren Peng Qixian | 2009 | Nucl Instrum Meth A2009，606，3： | 1 |
| 7 | K-shell emission X ray imaging of Z pinch plasmas with a pinhole and a logarithmic spiral crys- tal显示文摘 | Yang Qingguo Li Zeren Peng Qixian | 2011 | Rev Sci Instrurn2011，82，09： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis and elimination of tri-band beacon interference with the fluxgate sensors onboard CSES显示文摘High precision magnetometer(HPM)is a magnetic field detection payload onboard China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES),including two fluxgate magnetometers(FGM)and a coupled dark state magnetometer(CDSM).Observations show that FGM appears to be influenced when tri-band beacon(TBB)is powered on and emits electromagnetic waves.The interference phenomenon is further validated based on both in-orbit observation analysis and electromagnetic compatibility(EMC)tests on the ground.A joint correction algorithm based on the least square fitting and first-order difference method according to scalar magnetometer data is proposed to eliminate the interference.The algorithm significantly improves the consistency of HPM data.After correction,the average scalar deviation error could be reduced from 9.0 nT to around 0.7 nT. | TONG YuQi CHENG BingJun MIAO YuanQing ZHOU Bin ZHU XingHong YANG YanYan LIU Ji GOU XiaoChen ZHANG YiTeng WANG JinDong LI Lei MAGNES Werner LAMMEGGER Roland POLLINGER Andreas ZEREN Zhima SHEN XuHui | 2021 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2021，64，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Ultrasound assisted crystallization of cephalexin monohydrate:Nucleation mechanism and crystal habit control显示文摘With the high-quality requirements for cephalexin monohydrate,developing a robust and practical crystallization process to produce cephalexin monohydrate with good crystal habit,appropriate aspect ratio and high bulk density as well as suitable flowability is urgently needed.This research has explored the influence of ultrasound on crystallization of cephalexin monohydrate in terms of nucleation mechanism and crystal habit control.The results of metastable zone width and induction time measurement showed the presence of ultrasound irradiation can narrow the metastable zone and shorten induction time.Cavitation phenomena generated by ultrasound were used to qualitatively explain the mechanism of ultrasound promoting nucleation of cephalexin monohydrate.Furthermore,on the basis of classical nucleation theory and induction time data,a series of nucleation-related parameters(such as crystalliquid interfacial tension,radius of the critical nucleus and etc.)were calculated and showed a decreasing trend under ultrasound irradiation.The diffusion coefficient of the studied system was also determined to increase by 72.73%under ultrasound.The changes in these parameters have quantitatively confirmed the mechanism of ultrasound influence on the nucleation process.In further,the calculated surface entropy factor has confirmed that the growth of cephalexin monohydrate follows continuous growth mechanism under the research conditions of this work.Through the exploration of crystallization conditions,it is found that suitable ultrasonic treatment,seeding,supersaturation control and removal of fine crystals are conducive to improving the quality of cephalexin monohydrate product.Optimizing the crystallization process coupled continuous ultrasound irradiation with fine-crystal dissolution policy has achieved the controllable production of monodisperse cephalexin monohydrate crystal with good performance. | Zeren Shang Mingchen Li Baohong Hou Junli Zhang Kuo Wang Weiguo Hu Tong Deng Junbo Gong Songgu Wu | 2022 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2022，35，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Multipoint velocity interferometer system for any reflector显示文摘 | Li Zeren Ma Ruchao Chen Guanghua | 1999 | Rev Sci Instrum1999，70，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Analysis and elimination of the distortion in electro-optic measurement of low-energysubpicosecond electron bunches显示文摘 | Zhu Liguo Pu Yikang Li Zeren | 2009 | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A2009，600，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Approach to broadband terahertz pulse field detection and recovery with electro-opticsampling measurement显示文摘 | Zhu Liguo Li Zeren Pu Yikang | 2010 | Optics Communication2010，283，： | 1 |
| 13 | Current Status and Main Scientific Results of In-flight CSES Mission显示文摘The CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite)is the electromagnetism satellite of China’s Zhangheng mission which is planned to launch a series of microsatellites within next 10 years in order to monitor the electromagnetic environment,gravitational field.The CSES 01 probe(also called ZH-1)was launched successfully on 2 February 2018,from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre(China)and is expected to operate for 5 years in orbit.The second probe CSES 02 is going to be launched in 2022.The scientific objectives of CSES are to detect the electromagnetic field and waves,plasma and particles,for studying the seismic-associated disturbances.To meet the requirements of scientific objective,the satellite is designed to be in a sun-synchronous orbit with a high inclination of 97.4°at an altitude around 507 km.CSES carries nine scientific payloads including Search-coil magnetometer,Electric Field Detector,High precision Magnetometer,GNSS occultation Receiver,Plasma Analyzer,Langmuir Probe,two Energetic Particle Detectors(including an Italian one),and Tri-Band Transmitter.Up to now,CSES has been operating in orbit for 2 years with stable and reliable performance.By using all kinds of data acquired by CSES,we have undertaken a series of scientific researches in the field of global geomagnetic field re-building,the ionospheric variation environment,waves,and particle precipitations under disturbed space weather and earthquake activities,the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling mechanism research and so on. | SHEN Xuhui ZEREN Zhima HUANG Jianping YANG Yanyan ZHAO Shufan YAN Rui ZHANG Zhenxia LIU Dapeng WANG Qiao CHU Wei LU Hengxin XU Song GUO Feng TAN Qiao LI Wenjing ZHOU Na SONG Fuxi | 2020 | 空间科学学报2020，40，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Disturbance identification of electric field data observed by the CSES-01 satellite before earthquakes显示文摘Numerous studies have confirmed that electromagnetic disturbances before earthquakes can be observed by satellites.In this study,we use the C-value method that includes the acoustic whistle signature;pre-seismic ionospheric electromagnetic disturbance signals were acquired based on the CSES-01 satellite electric field data,and the maximum value of C in the earthquake preparation zones increased continuously from 2.0 three days before the earthquake and reached a maximum weight of 3.0 on the day of the earthquake,after the earthquake,it gradually decreased and recovered to about 2.0;its the C values fluctuated between-2 and 3,it is different from the C values range-2–12 of the previous seismic case study using the DEMETER satellite,which may be related to the orbital altitude and revisit period of the satellite.Then,the C values were normalized,and the time series analysis of the obtained θ values were done,and the results showed that:In the pregnant zone,the background variation of the disturbance amplitude θ is within 2σ,and the maximum disturbance amplitude of θ starts to increase gradually from the seventh period(one period of 5 days,i.e.,35–39 days before the earthquake),it reached 2σ by the fourth preseismic cycle(20–24 days before the earthquake),and then dropped sharply to about 1.5σ in the third pre-seismic cycle(15–19days before the earthquake),after two cycles of increase,the θ over the epicenter reached a maximum of 2.1σ at the time of the earthquake(combining the time of the earthquake and the satellite flight characteristics,the epicenter period is defined as January25-January 29,2020,and this defines the study time period line),and the θ decreases to within 2 times the standard range after the earthquake;The negative value of the disturbance amplitude θ in the central region of the pregnant seismic zone during the earthquake shows the transient energy release process.Through comparison,the θ values obtained by normalization based on the C-value method takes into account the variation of the background field,and the result can better reflect the energy change of the ionospheric field before the earthquakes. | Jianping HUANG Fuzhi ZHANG Zhong LI Xuhui SHEN Baiyi YANG Wenjing LI Zhima ZEREN Hengxin LU Qiao TAN | 2023 | Science China Earth Sciences2023，66，8： | 0 |
| 15 | Consistent Distribution of Stress before Strong Earthquake from Focal Mechanisms显示文摘At some stage of a strong earthquake preparation,the focal mechanisms of small earthquakes have roughly the same direction with the tectonic stress field.According to this feature,we define the angle between P,B and T axis of focal mechanisms and the three stress axes of tectonic stress field as the consistency parameter a in studying the dynamic changes of stress fields in earthquake preparation areas.We mainly analyze the changes of the consistency parameter a of the MW8.3 Kuril island arc earthquake and the MW8.4 Peru earthquake.Our study shows that before the strong earthquakes,the earthquake area saw a low consistency,and the focal mechanisms of a series of small earthquakes had small differences in the directions with the tectonic stress field,which means the foreshocks were under the control of the stress field.On the other hand,a higher consistency means the focal mechanisms of their aftershocks are scattered and have big differences in the directions with the tectonic field,which indicate that the control of background stress field starts weakening. | Zeren Zhima Diao Guiling Li Zhixiong | 2010 | Earthquake Research in China2010，24，4： | 0 |
| 16 | Incorporating redox-sensitive nanogels into bioabsorbable nanofibrous membrane to acquire ROS-balance capacity for skin regeneration显示文摘Facing the high incidence of skin diseases,it is urgent to develop functional materials with high bioactivity for wound healing,where reactive oxygen species(ROS)play an important role in the wound healing process mainly via adjustment of immune response and neovasculation.In this study,we developed a kind of bioabsorbable materials with ROS-mediation capacity for skin disease therapy.Firstly,redox-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylic acid)(PNA)nanogels were synthesized by radical emulsion polymerization method using a disulfide molecule as crosslinker.The resulting nanogels were then incorporated into the nanofibrous membrane of poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA)via airbrushing approach to offer bioabsorbable membrane with redox-sensitive ROS-balance capacity.In vitro biological evaluation indicated that the PNA-contained bioabsorbable membrane improved cell adhesion and proliferation compared to the native PLLA membrane.In vivo study using mouse wound skin model demonstrated that PNA-doped nanofibrous membranes could promote the wound healing process,where the disulfide bonds in them were able to adjust the ROS level in the wound skin for mediation of redox potential to achieve higher wound healing efficacy. | Shihao Zhang Yamin Li Xiaofeng Qiu Anqi Jiao Wei Luo Xiajie Lin Xiaohui Zhang Zeren Zhang Jiachan Hong Peihao Cai Yuhong Zhang Yan Wu Jie Gao Changsheng Liu Yulin Li | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，10： | 0 |
| 17 | Current Status and Main Scientific Outcomes of the CSES Mission显示文摘This report briefly introduces the current status of the CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite)mission which includes the first satellite CSES 01 in-orbit(launched in February 2018),and the second satellite CSES 02(will be launched in 2023)under development.The CSES 01 has been steadily operating in orbit for over four years,providing abundant global geophysical field data,including the background geomagnetic field,the electromagnetic field and wave,the plasma(in-situ and profile data),and the energetic particles in the ionosphere.The CSES 01 platform and the scientific instruments generally perform well.The data validation and calibration are vital for CSES 01,for it aims to monitor earthquakes by extracting the very weak seismic precursors from a relatively disturbing space electromagnetic environment.For this purpose,we are paying specific efforts to validate data quality comprehensively.From the CSES 01 observations,we have obtained many scientific results on the ionosphere electromagnetic environment,the seismo-ionospheric disturbance phenomena,the space weather process,and the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling mechanism. | ZEREN Zhima HUANG Jianping LIU Dapeng YANG Yanyan YAN Rui ZHAO Shufan ZHANG Zhenxia LIN Jian CUI Jing CHU Wei WANG Qiao LU Hengxin XU Song GUO Feng YANG Dehe ZHOU Na LIU Qinqin HUANG He WANG Jie TAN Qiao LI Wenjing LÜFangxian ZHU Keying SHEN Xuhui | 2022 | 空间科学学报2022，42，4： | 0 |
| 18 | Progress of International Meridian Circle Program显示文摘Based on the Chinese Meridian Project(CMP),the International Meridian Circle Program(IMCP)aims to coordinate the deployment of a comprehensive ground-based monitoring network along the 120°E-60°W Great Meridian Circle to track the propagation and evolution of space weather events from the Sun to the Earth,as well as the imprints of other major natural and anthropic hazards on the ionosphere,the middle and upper atmosphere.Currently,we have completed the IMCP headquarters building in Beijing and established the China-Brazil Joint Laboratory for Space Weather in cooperation with Brazil.Meanwhile,the Chinese Meridian Project PhaseⅡand different components of the IMCP observation system are under construction. | LIU William MICHEL Blanc WANG Chi XU Jiyao LI Hui REN Liwen LIU Zhengkuan ZHU Yajun LI Guozhu LI Lei ZEREN Zhima YANG Fang | 2022 | 空间科学学报2022，42，4： | 0 |
| 19 | Detecting seismic electromagnetic ELF anomalies associated with the 2010 Yushu earthquake in China by DEMETER observations and ELF Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling propagating model显示文摘Over the last century,abnormal electromagnetic(EM)emissions associated with earthquake(EQ)activities have been widely reported and recorded by ground-based and satellite observations.However,the frequency at which abnormal EM emissions have been detected varies.In addition,whether low Earth orbit(LEO)satellites can detect EM anomalies from EQs remains controversial.In this paper,we take the Yushu earthquake as an example to address these concerns by DEMETER satellite observations and a newly constructed lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere model of extremely low frequency(ELF)wave propagation.The results illustrate that the frequency of ELF EM anomalies of the Yushu earthquake is mainly at 200–400 Hz.The observations and simulations illustrate that the power-frequency curve of the ELF EM wave from an underground source has a peak power frequency at 200–400 Hz,which is significantly different from the ELF EM wave radiated from the ground source. | LIAO Li ZHAO ShuFan SHEN XuHui ZEREN ZhiMa PENG HuaiYun LU HengXin | 2023 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2023，66，4： | 0 |
| 20 | The Precursory Meanings of the Deviation of the Magnitude-Frequency Distribution of Earthquakes from the Gutenberg-Richter Law显示文摘The Gutenberg-Richter law (G-R law) of the magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes has been an important base in seismology for a long time. However, the actual magnitude-frequency distribution usually deviates from the G-R law. Based on the experimental results of three different rock samples, which contain macro-asperity, compressional en-echelon fault and model-Ⅲ shear fault, the correlative coefficient (r) was calculated by fitting the sequences of the acoustic emissions with the G-R law in every scanning time window. We investigated the changes of the correlative coefficient, which describes the actual deviation of magnitude-frequency distribution of earthquakes from the G-R law within the specific scanning time window. According to the results of the rock samples containing macro-asperity and compressional en-echelon fault respectively, the value decreases prior to the rock fracture, meaning that the deviation of magnitude-frequency distribution from the G-R law tends to be larger. The result of the model-Ⅲ shear fault didn’t show obvious decrease before the final rock fracture. Actually, the studies of some earthquakes also show deviation before the occurrence of moderate earthquakes. The results obtained in this paper will provide us with some useful clues for studying precursors before the occurrence of moderate earthquakes with the data of regional earthquake activities. | Lu Peng Li Zhixiong Tao Benzao Li Shengqiang Zeren Zhima Wu Ting Wang Lifeng Zhai Luyuan | 2006 | Earthquake Research in China2006，20，4： | 0 |
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