| 1 | Can climate change influence agricultural GTFP in arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China?显示文摘There are eight provinces and autonomous regions(Gansu Province,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Tibet Autonomous Region,Qinghai Province,Shanxi Province,and Shaanxi Province)in Northwest China,most areas of which are located in arid and semi-arid regions(northwest of the 400 mm precipitation line),accounting for 58.74%of the country's land area and sustaining approximately 7.84×10^6 people.Because of drought conditions and fragile ecology,these regions cannot develop agriculture at the expense of the environment.Given the challenges of global warming,the green total factor productivity(GTFP),taking CO2 emissions as an undesirable output,is an effective index for measuring the sustainability of agricultural development.Agricultural GTFP can be influenced by both internal production factors(labor force,machinery,land,agricultural plastic film,diesel,pesticide,and fertilizer)and external climate factors(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration).In this study,we used the Super-slacks-based measure(Super-SBM)model to measure agricultural GTFP during the period 2000-2016 at the regional level.Our results show that the average agricultural GTFP of most provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions underwent a fluctuating increase during the study period(2000-2016),and the fluctuation was caused by the production factors(input and output factors).To improve agricultural GTFP,Shaanxi,Shanxi,and Gansu should reduce agricultural labor force input;Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Gansu,and Shanxi should decrease machinery input;Shaanxi,Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,and Shanxi should reduce fertilizer input;Shaanxi,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Ningxia should reduce diesel input;Xinjiang and Gansu should decrease plastic film input;and Gansu,Shanxi,and Inner Mongolia should cut pesticide input.Desirable output agricultural earnings should be increased in Qinghai and Tibet,and undesirable output(CO2 emissions)should be reduced in Inner Mongolia,Xinjiang,Gansu,and Shaanxi.Agricultural GTFP is influenced not only by internal production factors but also by external climate factors.To determine the influence of climate factors on GTFP in these provinces and autonomous regions,we used a Geographical Detector(Geodetector)model to analyze the influence of climate factors(temperature,precipitation,and sunshine duration)and identify the relationships between different climate factors and GTFP.We found that temperature played a significant role in the spatial heterogeneity of GTFP among provinces and autonomous regions in arid and semi-arid regions.For Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,and Tibet,a suitable average annual temperature would be in the range of 7℃-9℃;for Gansu,Shanxi,and Ningxia,it would be 11℃-13℃;and for Shaanxi,it would be 15℃-17℃.Stable climatic conditions and more efficient production are prerequisites for the development of sustainable agriculture.Hence,in the agricultural production process,reducing the redundancy of input factors is the best way to reduce CO2 emissions and to maintain temperatures,thereby improving the agricultural GTFP.The significance of this study is that it explores the impact of both internal production factors and external climatic factors on the development of sustainable agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions,identifying an effective way forward for the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. | FENG Jian ZHAO Lingdi ZHANG Yibo SUN Lingxiao YU Xiang YU Yang | 2020 | Journal of Arid Land2020，12，5： | 6 |
| 2 | Culturing adequate CAR-T cells from less peripheral blood to treat B-cell malignancies显示文摘Objective:Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T(CAR-T)cells have shown impressive results against relapsed/refractory B cell malignancies.However,the traditional manufacture of CAR-T cells requires leukapheresis to isolate large amounts of peripheral blood T cells,thus making some patients ineligible for the procedure.Methods:We developed a simple method for CAR-T cell preparation requiring small volumes of peripheral blood.First,CD3+T cells isolated from 50 mL peripheral blood from patients(B-cell malignancies)were stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3/RetroNectin in 6-well plates and then transduced with CAR-expressing lentiviral vector.After 4 d,the T cells were transferred to culture bags for large-scale CAR-T cell expansion.In vitro and animal experiments were performed to evaluate the activity of the manufactured CAR-T cells.Finally,29 patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(B-ALL)and 9 patients with B-cell lymphoma were treated with the CAR-T cells.Results:The CAR-T cells were expanded to 1–3×10^(8) cells in 8–10 d and successfully killed B cell-derived malignant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo.For patients with B-ALL,the complete remission rate was 93%1 month after CAR-T cell infusion;after 12 months,the overall survival(OS)and leukemia-free survival rates were 69%and 31%,respectively.For patients with lymphoma,the objective response rate(including complete and partial remission)was 78%2 months after CAR-T cell infusion,and after 12 months,the OS and progression-free survival rates were 71%and 43%,respectively.Cytokine-release syndrome(CRS)occurred in 65.51%and 55.56%of patients with B-ALL and B-cell lymphoma,respectively;severe CRS developed in 20.69%of patients with B-ALL and in no patients with lymphoma.Conclusions:Our novel method can generate sufficient numbers of CAR-T cells for clinical use from 50–100 mL peripheral blood,thus providing an alternative means of CAR-T cell generation for patients ineligible for leukapheresis. | Lu Han Jian Zhou Linlin Li Keshu Zhou Lingdi Zhao Xinghu Zhu Qingsong Yin Yufu Li Hongqin You Jishuai Zhang Yongping Song Quanli Gao | 2021 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2021，18，4： | 2 |
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