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| 1 | The Effect of Unannounced Inspection on Prevention of Drug Fraud显示文摘Alarge number of incidents related to fake/inferior-quality drugs have occurred in China in recent years. In order to reduce drug crimes, the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) has exploited the new supervision approach, i.e., unannounced inspection (UI), since September 2014. However, the effectiveness of UI in driving drug producers to put more effort into meeting the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) is yet to be ascertained. In this paper we apply game theory to study the effects of UI on the prevention of drug fraud, drug producers’ profits, and social welfare under scenarios of complete and incomplete information. We show that UI is not always an effective way of supervision. Specifically, if the upper bound on the punishment is not very large, UI can drive the firmto make the largest self-supervision effort only when the firm’s technical level is high and the supervision cost is low. Otherwise, UI cannot drive the firm to make the largest self-supervision effort. Under incomplete information, firms with a high technical level would adopt more self-supervision and make more profit than those with a low technical level. Moreover, we design a new mechanism under incomplete information that can incentive drug producers to make greater self-supervision effort to meet the requirements of GMP under certain conditions. | Manman Zhang Juliang Zhang T.C.E. Cheng Guowei Hua Xiaojie Yan Yi Liu | 2019 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2019，28，1： | 3 |
| 2 | An Improved Markov Chain Model Based on Autocorrelation and Entropy Techniques and Its Application to State Prediction of Water Resources显示文摘According to the relationships among state transition probability matrixes with different step lengths, an improved Markov chain model based on autocorrelation and entropy techniques was introduced. In the improved Markov chain model, the state transition probability matrixes can be adjusted. The steps of the historical state of the event, which was significantly related to the future state of the event, were determined by the autocorrelation technique, and the impact weights of the event historical state on the event future state were determined by the entropy technique. The presented model was applied to predicting annual precipitation and annual runoff states, showing that the improved model is of higher precision than those existing Markov chain models, and the determination of the state transition probability matrixes and the weights is more reasonable. The physical concepts of the improved model are distinct, and its computation process is simple and direct, thus, the presented model is sufficiently general to be applicable to the prediction problems in hydrology and water resources. | ZHOU Ping ZHOU Yuliang JIN Juliang LIU Li WANG Zongzhi CHENG Liang ZHANG Libing | 2011 | Chinese Geographical Science2011，21，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Extracellular ADP facilitates monocyte recruitment in bacterial infection via ERK signaling显示文摘As the most prominent clinical drug targets for the inhibition of platelet aggregation, P2Y12 and P2Y13 have been found to be highly expressed in both platelets and macrophages. However, the roles and function of P2Y12/13 in the regulation of macrophage-mediated innate immune responses remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that adenosine 5′-diphosphate (ADP), the endogenous ligand of P2Y1, P2Y12 and P2Y13, was released both in E. coli-infected mice and from macrophages treated with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Pam3CSK4. Furthermore, the expression of P2Y13 was clearly increased in both LPS-treated macrophages and tuberculosis patients. ADP protected mice from E. coli 0111-induced peritonitis by recruiting more macrophages to the infected sites. Consistent with this, ADP and ADP-treated cell culture medium attracted more macrophages in the transwell assay by enhancing the expression of MCP-1. Nevertheless, P2Y1 is dispensable for ADP-mediated protection against bacterial infection. However, either P2Y12/P2Y13 deficiency or blocking the downstream signaling of P2Y12/P2Y13 blocked the ADP-mediated immune response and allowed more bacteria to persist in the infected mice. Furthermore, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was clearly increased by ADP, and this type of activation could be blocked by either forskolin or analogs of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (for example, 8-bromo-cAMP). Accordingly, ADP-induced MCP-1 production and protection against bacterial infection could also be reduced by U0126, forskolin and 8-bromo-cAMP. Overall, our study reveals a relationship between danger signals and innate immune responses, which suggests the potential therapeutic significance of ADP-mediated purinergic signaling in infectious diseases. | Xiaoyu Zhang Juliang Qin Junyan Zou Zhangsheng Lv Binghe Tan Jueping Shi Yihan Zhao Hua Ren Mingyao Liu Min Qian Bing Du | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Risk evaluation of natural disasters based on connection function显示文摘There are many uncertain factors,such as stochastic,fuzzy and gray information in the risk analysis on natural hazard.The set pair analysis(SPA)deals effectively with the various uncertain factors contributing to evaluation of the risk level of natural disasters.The evaluation indicators and standards of natural disasters risk are analyzed by identity-discrepancycontrary(IDC).The result,the connection numbers,still has uncertainty information.Thus,yielding the risk evaluation model of natural disasters based on connection function,which construct a set pair relation between the indicators of connection numbers and comprehensive evaluation standards,and describe uncertainty of the connection numbers by using connection function.The study showed that the proposed model takes into account only the uncertainty of risk evaluation indicator identification on natural disasters,also the uncertainty of result connection numbers.This approach gives full consideration to the uncertainty of systematic evaluation process along with the actual meaning of comprehensive evaluation functions.Therefore,this means it is able to reduce the uncertainty of final evaluation results and improve the accuracy and reasonability of evaluation results.This model is capable of reflecting actual situation of the risk evaluation on natural disaster affected by various uncertain factors and has a promotional value in the natural disaster risk assessment. | Zhengwei Pan Juliang Jin Li Liu Xiaowei Liu | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2013，11，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Inference of Reference Conditions for Nutrient Concentrations of Chaohu Lake Based on Model Extrapolation显示文摘In the mid-eastern China,there are few or no lakes which are in the absence of anthropogenic disturbances,or their sediments remain undisturbed.As a result,the reference lakes distribution and paleolimnological reconstruction approaches usually are inappropriate to estimate lake reference conditions for nutrients.This yields the necessity of using the extrapolation methods to estimate the lake reference conditions for nutrients within those regions.The lake reference conditions for nutrients could be inferred inversely from the law of mass conservation,current lake nutrient concentration,and the loadings from watershed.Considering the scarcity of hydrological and water quality data associated with lakes and watersheds in China,as well as the low requirement of the watershed nutrient loadings models for these data,the soil conservation service(SCS) distributed hydrological model and the universal soil loss equation(USLE) were applied.The SCS model simulates the runoff process of the watershed,thereby calculating dissolved nutrients annually.The USLE estimates the soil erosion and particulate nutrients annually in a watershed.Then,with the loadings from atmospheric deposition and point source,the previous annual average nutrient concentrations could be acquired given the current nutrient concentrations in a lake.Therefore,the nutrient reference conditions minimally impacted by human activities could be estimated.Based on the proposed model,the reference conditions for total nitrogen and total phosphorus of Chaohu Lake,Anhui Province,China are 0.031 mg/L and 0.640 mg/L,respectively.The proposed reference conditions estimation model is of clear physical concept,and less data required.Thus,the proposed approach can be used in other lakes with similar circumstances. | ZHOU Yuliang JIN Juliang LIU Li ZHANG Libing He Jun WANG Zhesun | 2013 | Chinese Geographical Science2013，23，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Inflammatory macrophages exacerbate neutrophil-driven joint damage through ADP/P2Y_(1)signaling in rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints and is associated with excessive immune cell infiltration.However,the complex interactions between the immune cell populations in the RA synovium remain unknown.Here,we demonstrate that inflammatory macrophages in the synovium exacerbate neutrophil-driven joint damage in RA through ADP/P2Y_(1)signaling.We show that extracellular ADP(e ADP)and its receptors are obviously increased in synovial tissues of RA patients as well as collagen-induced arthritis(CIA)mice,and e ADP enhances neutrophil infiltration into joints through macrophages producing the chemokine CXCL2,aggravating disease development.Accordingly,the arthritis mouse model had more neutrophils in inflamed joints following ADP injection,whereas P2Y_(1)deficiency and pharmacologic inhibition restored arthritis severity to basal levels,suggesting a dominant role of ADP/P2Y_(1)signaling in RA pathology.Moreover,cellular activity of ADP/P2Y_(1)-mediated CXCL2 production was dependent on the G_(αq)/Ca^(2+)-NF-κB/NFAT pathway in macrophages.Overall,this study reveals a non-redundant role of e ADP as a trigger in the pathogenesis of RA through neutrophil recruitment and disrupted tissue homeostasis and function. | Xiaoyu Zhang Wenxiang Zhao Yihan Zhao Zeda Zhao Zhangsheng Lv Zhen Zhang Hua Ren Qin Wang Mingyao Liu Min Qian Bing Du Juliang Qin | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，5： | 0 |
| 7 | Base placement optimization of a mobile hybrid machining robot by stiffness analysis considering reachability and nonsingularity constraints显示文摘The mobile hybrid machining robot has a very bright application prospect in the field of high-efficiency and high-precision machining of large aerospace structures.However,an inappropriate base placement may make the robot encounter a singular configuration,or even fail to complete the entire machining task due to unreachability.In addition to considering the two constraints of reachability and non-singularity,this paper also optimizes the robot base placement with stiffness as the goal to improve the machining quality.First of all,starting from the structure of the robot,the reachability and nonsingularity constraints are transformed into a simple geometric constraint imposed on the base placement:feasible base placement area.Then,genetic algorithm is used to search for the base placement with near optimal stiffness(near optimal base placement for short)in the feasible base placement area.Finally,multiple controlled experiments were carried out by taking the milling of a protuberance on the spacecraft cabin as an example.It is found that the calculated optimal base placement meets all the constraints and that the machining quality was indeed improved.In addition,compared with simple genetic algorithm,it is proved that the feasible base placement area method can shorten the running time of the whole program. | Zhongyang ZHANG Juliang XIAO Haitao LIU Tian HUANG | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2023，36，11： | 0 |
| 8 | Peptide-Conjugated AggregationInduced Emission Fluorogen:Precise and Firm Cell Membrane Labeling by Multiple Weak Interactions显示文摘The cell membrane is a vital barrier that protects the cell from external damage and is involved in many biochemical processes.Thus,it is of great significance to label the cell membrane to explore its function.However,due to its complex and dynamic nature,precise and firm cell membrane labeling simultaneously is still a challenge.Herein,we report the fabrication of a peptide-conjugated aggregationinduced emission fluorogen(AIEgen),RTP,consisting of three main components:(1)An integrin-targeting peptide(RGD,R),which could bind specifically to integrinαvβ3 on cell membranes through ligand–receptor interaction.(2)An AIE-active tetraphenylethene derivative(T-MY,T)for fluorescent imaging.(3)Palmitic acid-modified peptide(Pal-RRRR,P),in which Pal isinserted into the lipid on the cellmembrane by hydrophobic interaction,and RRRR interacted with the negatively charged cell membrane components(proteins and lipids)through electrostatic forces.RTP could precisely label tumor cells with high integrinαvβ3 expression andfirmly trace the cellmembrane for up to 4 h;it also has a strong resistance to photobleaching.Moreover,RTP achieved in vivo tumor-specific imaging via cell membrane labeling.Thereby,utilizing multiple weak interactions between the fluorescent probe and the cell membrane provided a new strategy for precise and firm imaging of the cell membrane simultaneously. | Juliang Yang Jing-Jing Hu Jiaming Wei Jun Dai Rui Liu Fan Xia Xiaoding Lou | 2022 | CCS Chemistry2022，4，2： | 0 |
| 9 | Modeling and analysis for time-varying dynamics of thin-walled workpieces in mirror milling considering material removal显示文摘To reduce the vibration and deformation of large thin-walled workpieces during the milling process,mirror milling is widely used due to its point-to-point support and strong applicability.The influence of the support head on the workpiece’s dynamic characteristics is crucial in determining whether the mirror milling process is reliable and effective.Therefore,this study establishes a time-varying dynamic model for mirror milling of thin-walled workpieces with various boundary conditions to accurately analyze and predict the dynamic characteristics and response of the workpiece.First,a new analytical method for material removal with extensive applicability and high precision is proposed.In this method,the Ritz mode shape is used to approximate the workpiece’s mode shape as it changes during material removal.Next,the Hertz contact theory is adopted to establish a tool-workpiece-support head coupling model,which considers the jump-off phenomenon between them.Subsequently,the dynamic model is solved using the Newmark-β numerical integration method to obtain the workpiece’s time-domain acceleration and displacement responses under the forced vibration.Finally,the measured frequency response function(FRF)and vibration signals of workpieces verify the correctness of the proposed mirror milling model for thin-walled workpieces considering material removal.In addition,this paper analyzes the dynamic characteristics and forced vibration law of workpieces in mirror milling,which lays the foundation for high precision mirror milling. | MA ShiJun XIAO JuLiang LIU HaiTao LIU SiJiang TIAN Yu | 2023 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2023，66，7： | 0 |
| 10 | 3-13 Guiding of Electron Beams by Macro-insulating Units显示文摘In our previous work[1],using a pair of grooved SiO2 parallel plates,we had obtained stably guided electron beams without energy loss in the incident energy range of 8002 000 V.The very high-current(up to tens or hundreds of nA/mm2)electron beams were adopted.A 128-strip electrode array with a 128-channel picoammeter system[2],combined with an electrostatic deflector were employed to monitor the transmitted electron beams.To better understanding the guiding processes of electron beams passing through the insulting plates,several grooved parallel plates made by different insulating materials were adopted to study the dependence relative to the guiding beams on the conductivities of these materials.As shown in Fig. | Zhang Mingwu Xue Yingli Li Xin Liu Juliang Yang Bian Wang Wei Guo Yipan Xi Wei Zhu Xiaona Yang Liping Yu Deyang Shao Caojie Cai Xiaohong | 2016 | IMP & HIRFL Annual Report2016，，1： | 0 |
| 11 | The Impacts of Drug Price Regulations in China显示文摘To lower pharmaceutical expenditure,the Chinese government has replaced the Fixed Percent Markup (FPM) policy with the policies of the Separation of Outpatient Pharmacies from Hospitals (SOPH) and the Zero Markup Drug (ZMD).We build a multistage game theoretic model comprising a hospital and a drugstore to analyze the policies' impacts on the providers' drug selection and pricing behaviors.By comparing the equihibrium outcomes,we draw the following conclusions:(i) FPM,especially for one imposing a strict margin ceiling,actually induces an expensive prescription given patients' great compliance.(ii) Both SOPH and ZMD can conditionally lower patients' expenditure,and their performances rely on the hospital's selection.(iii) A proper rate of insurance coverage and a removal of drug rebate are helpful to improve the policies' performance. | Yi Liu Juliang Zhang TCECheng Yihong Ru Guowei Hua | 2019 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2019，28，6： | 0 |
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