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| 1 | Titanium dioxide induced inflammation in the small intestine显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPTiO 2 ) and microparticles (MPTiO 2 ) on the inflammatory response in the small intestine of mice. METHODS: Bl 57/6 male mice received distilled water suspensions containing TiO 2 (100 mg/kg body weight) as NPTiO 2 (66 nm), or MPTiO 2 (260 nm) by gavage for 10 d, once a day; the control group received only distilled water. At the end of the treatment the duodenum, jejunum and ileum were extracted for assessment of cytokines, inflammatory cells and titanium content. The cytokines interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), intracellular interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in segments of jejunum and ileum (mucosa and underlying muscular tissue). CD4 + and CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells were evaluated in duodenum, jejunum and ileum samples fixed in 10% formalin by immuno-histochemistry. The titanium content was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. RESULTS: We found increased levels of T CD4 + cells (cells/mm 2 ) in duodenum:NP 1240 ± 139.4, MP 1070 ± 154.7 vs 458 ± 50.39 (P < 0.01); jejunum:NP 908.4 ± 130.3, MP 813.8 ± 103.8 vs 526.6 ± 61.43 (P < 0.05); and ileum:NP 818.60 ± 123.0, MP 640.1 ± 32.75 vs 466.9 ± 22.4 (P < 0.05). In comparison to the control group, the groups receiving TiO 2 showed a statistically significant increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12, IL-4, IL-23, TNF-α, IFN-γ and TGF-β. The cytokine production was more pronounced in the ileum (mean ± SE):IL-12: NP 33.98 ± 11.76, MP 74.11 ± 25.65 vs 19.06 ± 3.92 (P < 0.05); IL-4: NP 17.36 ± 9.96, MP 22.94 ± 7.47 vs 2.19 ± 0.65 (P < 0.05); IL-23: NP 157.20 ± 75.80, MP 134.50 ± 38.31 vs 22.34 ± 5.81 (P < 0.05); TNFα: NP 3.71 ± 1.33, MP 5.44 ± 1.67 vs 0.99± 019 (P < 0.05); IFNγ: NP 15.85 ± 9.99, MP 34.08 ± 11.44 vs 2.81 ± 0.69 (P < 0.05); and TGF-β: NP 780.70 ± 318.50, MP 1409.00 ± 502.20 vs 205.50 ± 63.93 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:Our findings indicate that TiO2 particles induce a Th1-mediated inflammatory response in the small bowel in mice. | Carolina Maciel Nogueira Walter Mendes de Azevedo Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli Sérgio Hiroshi Toma AndréZonetti de Arruda Leite Maria Laura Lordello Iêda Nishitokukado Carmen Lúcia Ortiz-Agostinho Maria IrmaSeixas Duarte Marcelo Alves Ferreira Aytan Miranda Sipahi | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 8 |
| 2 | Obstruction of pipelines due to paraffin deposition during the flow of crude oils显示文摘 | Ribeiro F S Mendes P R S Braga S L | 1997 | International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer1997，18，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Rolling - circle amplification of Torque teno virus ( TTV ) complete genomes from human and swine sera and identification of a novel swine TTV genogroup 显示文摘 | NIEL C DINIZ - MENDES L DEVALLE S | 2005 | J Virol2005，86，： | 1 |
| 4 | Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer disease显示文摘 | Robert S Wilson Carlos F Mendes De Leon Lisa L Barnes | 2002 | JAMA2002，287，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Quantification of betamethasone in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure photoionization in negative mode显示文摘 | Pereira Ados S Oliveira L S Mendes G D Gabbai J J De Nucci G | 2005 | J Chromatogr B2005，828，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Synergistic action of azoreductase and laccase leads to maximal decolourization and detoxification of model dye-containing wastewaters显示文摘 | Sónia Mendes Ana Farinha Christian G. Ramos Jorge H. Leit?o Cristina A. Viegas Lígia O. Martins | 2011 | Bioresource Technology2011，，21： | 1 |
| 7 | Organic dye for highly efficient solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells显示文摘 | MENDE L S BACH U BAKER R H | 2005 | Adv Mater2005，17，7： | 1 |
| 8 | q-Exponential,Weibull,and q-Weibull Distributions:An Empirical Analysis显示文摘 | MENDES R S MALACARNE L C | 2003 | Physica A2003，324，34： | 1 |
| 9 | Biocompatibility testing of novel starch-based materials with potential ap- plication in orthopaedic surgery:a preliminary study 显示文摘 | Mendes S C Reis R L Bovell Y P | 2001 | Biomaterials2001，22，14： | 1 |
| 10 | Development and thermal requirements of Orius insidiosus(Say)(Hemiptera:Anthocoridae)显示文摘 | Mendes S M Paes Bueno V H Carvalho L M | 2005 | Revista Brasileira de Entomologia2005，49，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Mechanisms of bee venom induxed awte renal failure显示文摘 | Grisotto L S Mendes G E Castro I | 2006 | Toxicon2006，48，： | 1 |
| 12 | Resistive force of wax deposits during pigging operations显示文摘 | MENDES P R S BRAGA A M B AZEVEDO L F A | 1999 | J Energy Resour-ASME1999，121，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Evaluation of lasting effects of heat stress on sperm profile and oxidative status of ram semen and epididymal sperm显示文摘 | HAMILTON T R MENDES C M DE CASTRO L S | 2016 | Oxid Med Cell Longev2016，2016，16： | 1 |
| 14 | Evalu- ation of methods used to concentrate and detect hepatitis Avirus in water samples显示文摘 | Villar L M de Paula V S Diniz - Mendes L | 2006 | Journal of virological methods2006，137，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Perturbation and Variational Methords in Nonextensive Tsallis Statistic显示文摘 | Lenzi E K Malacerne L C Mende R S | 1998 | Physical Review Letter1998，80，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Evaluation of a strategy adopted to expand adherence to breast cancer screening in Brazil- ian Northeast显示文摘 | Barreto A S Mendes M F Thuler L C | 2012 | Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet2012，34，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Scattering of EM waves by inhomogeneous dielectrics with the use of the method of moments and the 3-D solenoidal basis functions 显示文摘 | de Carvalho S A de Souza Mendes L | 1999 | Microwave and Optical Tech Letters1999，23，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Fast screening method for the analysis of trans fatty acids in processed food by CZE- UV with direct detection显示文摘 | Porto B L S Faria I D L Oliveira Mendes T de | 2015 | Food Control2015，55，： | 1 |
| 19 | Comparison of the viscoelastic properties of cells from differ- ent kidney cancer phenotypes measured with atomic force microscopy 显示文摘 | REBELO L M DE SOUSA J S MENDES FILHO J | 2013 | Nanotechnology2013，24，05： | 1 |
| 20 | Resistive force of wax deposits during pigging operations 显示文摘 | Mendes P R S Braga A M B Azevedo L F A | 1999 | Journal of Energy Resources Technology1999，121，3： | 1 |
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